WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION. Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar and High Mountain Observations, Research and Services (EC-PHORS)

Transcription

1 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar and High Mountain Observations, Research and Services (EC-PHORS) Eighth Session (EC-PHORS-8) Levi, Finland March 2018 FINAL REPORT

2 EC-PHORS-8, Final report COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER World Meteorological Organization, 2018 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland publications@wmo.int NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Opinions expressed in WMO publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. This document (or report) is not an official publication of WMO and has not been subjected to its standard editorial procedures. The views expressed herein do not necessarily have the endorsement of the Organization

3 EC-PHORS-8, Final report CONTENTS Agenda p. 5 Executive Summary p. 9 General Summary p p. 11 Annex 1 List of Participants p. 64 Annex 2 List of Decision, Action and Recommendations from the p. 73 meeting Annex 3 EC-PHORS Team Assignments p. 81 Annex 4 Selected Meetings of Relevance to the Panel p. 83 Annex 5 Proposed priorities for the future as part of the new draft WMO Strategic Plan p. 85 Annex 6 Draft Decisions, Resolutions and Recommendations p. 88 proposed to be submitted to EC-70 Annex 7 GCW Membership p. 116 Acronyms p

4 (Group photo, 23 March 2018) - 4 -

5 AGENDA 1 OPENING 1.1 Welcome and opening statements by high level officials 2 PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE MEETING 2.1 Introductions of members 2.2 Adoption of the Agenda 2.3 Working arrangements and logistical information 3 INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGIC DISCUSSIONS 3.1 WMO Polar and High Mountain Activities in the current WMO Strategic and Operating Plans Introduction to the new Strategic Plan Priority areas for future 4 ADVANCING P&HM SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH SYSTEM 4.1 Current and future scientific foci. 4.2 Enhancing partnerships General introduction to partnerships Science to Policy partnerships Partnerships in WMO Programmes and co-sponsored programmes 5 BREAKOUT GROUP DISCUSSION 5.1 Guidance to breakout groups (plenary) 5.2 Breakout Groups Group 1: High Mountain Strategy (from observations to services, and partnerships); organization of 2018 WMO High Mountain Summit Group 2: Research Framework (with focus on obs. Requirements for Research, and how Research can help defining services of the future and their obs. requirements) Group 3: Services Framework (with focus on obs. requirements for services, and how services can be improved from new knowledge per research activities) 6 PLENARY DISCUSSION ON OUTCOME OF BREAKOUT GROUPS 6.1 Breakout Group 1 report 6.2 Breakout group 2 report 6.3 Breakout group 3 report 7 ENHANCING EARTH SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS IN P&HM REGIONS 7.1 PSTG progress and road map for future activities in polar and high mountain regions 7.2 WMO Antarctic Activities: examine the future in the context of the WMO reorganization: responsibilities, engagements (observations, services) AntON evolution and sustainability 7.3 GCW Mainstreaming as a cross cutting activity in the WMO Programmes Road map for GCW as a mainstreamed cross-cutting activity, and GCW governance (within the Secretariat and working with Members) - 5 -

6 7.3.3 GCW observations component within the WIGOS framework GCW regional, high mountain activities aligned with WMO strategic agenda GCW product and services strategies and the links to the PRCC and other users GCW proposals for EC-70/Cg GCW engagement strategy, building connections with drivers (services, water agenda, research, application-benefit areas), demonstrate value for non-nmhss organizations 8 DELIVERING AUTHORITATIVE, ACCESSIBLE, USER-ORIENTED AND FIT-FOR- PURPOSE INFORMATION & SERVICES 8.1 Link to societal benefits and regional needs (progress and evolution) 8.2 How services benefit from research (addressed also under Research Framework) 8.3 Operational services 8.4 Climate services 9 ENHANCING THE SCIENCE TO SERVICE VALUE CHAIN, ENSURING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IMPROVE PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES 9.1 Services requirements 9.2 PPP & YOPP 9.3 Sea Ice prediction, Met forecasts 9.4 Annual to Decadal Climate Predictions and Climate Change Projections 10 PROVIDING LEADERSHIP IN POLICY-RELEVANT SCIENCE 11 HIGH MOUNTAIN REGIONS 11.1 Long term vision on HM Benefits to Members and expected societal outcomes, requirements beyond the Third Pole region (Andes, tropical, Alpes ) year road map for HM agenda 11.2 Global High Mountain Summit Expected outcome of the Summit Scope of WMO engagement Engagement with partners Preparatory workshop for the Summit 11.3 Working with Regional Associations and CHy 11.4 Terms of Reference of HM Task Team 11.5 Develop a framework for future P&HM activities 12 STRATEGY AND GOVERNANCE 12.1 Conclusions on strategy and governance 12.2 Terms of Reference of EC-PHORS 12.3 Membership: additional panel members to ensure the representation across relevant communities: high mountain, social sciences, indigenous communities, etc Reporting to Cg-18 via EC-70, including consideration of resource requirements 13 CLOSURE OF THE MEETING - 6 -

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9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Eighth Session of the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar and High Mountain Observations, Research and Services (EC-PHORS) was held at the Levi Summit Conference Centre, Levi, Finland, from 21 to 23 March 2018 at the kind invitation of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). It was preceded on 20 March by the Arctic Meteorology Summit 1, and held in parallel with the Arctic Council Senior Arctic Officials (SAO) meeting, also in Levi from 22 to 23 March 2018, where WMO participated through the WMO President, Secretary General, Assistant Secretary General, and Chair of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW). The EC-PHORS-8 meeting focused on framing the Polar and High Mountain (P&HM) Agenda for the next WMO Financial Period ( ), linking to societal benefits to be achieved. It provided guidance on improving the linkages between research results and operational services, currently still too weak: for example, how to apply the new knowledge from science and develop a service interface. The meeting particularly addressed: 1. Antarctica and Arctic related progress and evolution, including refining and guiding WMO s engagement with the Arctic Council; 2. Mainstreaming of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), and finalisation of recommendations to EC-70 and Cg-18 on GCW implementation roadmap, preoperational phase framework, and governance aspects; 3. Long term vision on High Mountain activities and associated resource implications, and plan to Organize a Global High Mountain Summit by the end of 2018; 4. Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), as it continues and the links with other research initiatives; 5. Services and progress on the network of regional climate centres and of regional climate outlook forums for polar and high mountain regions (Arctic, High Mountain, Antarctica), and roadmap for their future; 6. EC-PHORS panel membership (additional panel members to ensure the representation across relevant communities: high mountain, social sciences, indigenous communities, etc.). The Panel drafted Decisions and Recommendations for EC-70 (2018) and Cg-18 (2019) covering the above issues (Annex 6), seeking authority on key directions for the Polar and High Mountain agenda of WMO. It reviewed EC PHORS Terms of Reference for the next 4 year period, and made proposals with regard to future EC PHORS governance, including assessment and continuation of the work with proposed key priority areas in the context of the WMO reform and development of new Strategic Plan Referring to specific Strategic Goals, the following priority activities were proposed (see details about these activities in Annex 5) 1. Surface and Space Observations (contributing to Strategic Goals 2 and 3) 2. Polar Predictions and Services, including Climate Services (contributing to Strategic Goals 1 and 2) 3. GCW Pre-Operational Phase (contributing to Strategic Goals 1, 2 and 4) 4. High-Mountain Activities (contributing to Strategic Goals 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) 5. Transition from Research to Operations and Services (contributing to Strategic Goals 2, 3 and 5) 6. Resources and Partnership (contributing to Strategic Goals 2, 3 and 5) 1 See outcome at pdf?dl=0-9 -

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11 EC-PHORS-8, Final report GENERAL SUMMARY 1 OPENING The Eighth Session of the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar and High Mountain Observations, Research and Services (EC-PHORS) opened at 08:30 on 21 March 2018 at the Levi Summit Conference Centre, Levi, Finland. EC-PHORS co-chair, Mr. David Grimes (Canada), opened the meeting and warmly thanked Finland for hosting the meeting. He recalled that the last time the meeting was in Finland was for EC-PHORS-3, which set the stage for Polar and High Mountain (P&HM) activities over the last five years. 1.1 Welcome and opening statements by high level officials Mr. Grimes recalled that meteorology is a focus of the Finnish chairmanship of the Arctic Council. He explained that thanks to Finland s efforts, there is now good understanding in the Arctic Council (AC) about the importance of meteorology. He noted that the Arctic Council Senior Arctic Officials (SAO) meeting is taking place the week in parallel to EC-PHORS-8, and this was an opportunity to have the Arctic Council and WMO work more closely together. EC-PHORS co-chair, Dr Sue Barrell (Australia) recalled the importance of operational meteorological support to operations in polar and high mountain regions. Dr Juhani Damski, director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) introduced Meteorological cooperation in the Arctic -Enhancing monitoring, services and arctic climate science. He thanked EC-PHORS for facilitating collaboration with the Arctic Council and facilitating Finland s chairmanship of the Arctic Council. He noted that the structure of EC- PHORS is quite appropriate for addressing the value chain. He thanked participants for coming and wished for successful meeting. During the discussion, the following points were particularly noted on accomplishments and the way forward: Accomplishments Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW): Significant progress was made while GCW moved from concept to implementation, and is now putting emphasis on creating national capacities across participating countries. Aspects of High Mountain in the Cryosphere are being discussed, and GCW, which is key in this regard, is defining its strategy accordingly. For example, the cryosphere exists in more than 100 Countries, so there is interest among most of WMO Countries in this regard. Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP): YOPP is one contribution to the Global Integrated Polar Prediction System (GIPPS), and is looking at weather scales to climate scales. The leadership of Thomas Jung (Germany) was critical in developing YOPP, looking at weather time scale, together with partners and the science community. Kelly Falkner (USA) and other EC-PHORS partners helped profiling some of the initiatives under YOPP, for improving predictability in response of the request of the Arctic Science Ministers. The climate dimension is also building up. Polar Regional Climate Centres, and regional services focus of the EC-PHORS: The Panel recalled that promise made in 2015 to organize such activities. The Arctic Regional Climate Centre Network (ArcRCC-Network), involving all the Arctic Council member Countries, is starting its demonstration phase in May 2018 with distributed

12 EC-PHORS-8, Final report responsibilities. The GCW is closely engaged with this development, and other organizations associated with Arctic Council may also contribute to this process in the future. The First Pan-Arctic Regional Climate Outlook Forum (PARCOF) will take place in Canada in May 2018, and will provide opportunity to make progress on consensus development, sharing of experiences and user engagement. For the Antarctic, there is a need for more detailed assessment of the needs and capabilities of Members to establish an RCC, and a phased approach, and plans including concept development and scoping process will be discussed during this EC-PHORS meeting based on the Arctic experience (see paragraph for details about plans to set up an Antarctic RCC, and paragraph 8.4 for status of development of the Arctic RCC Network, and plans for the first Regional Climate Outlook forum for the Arctic). High Mountain activities: EC-PHORS co-chair, David Grimes, participated at meetings related to Third Pole and discussions to frame future global high mountain activities. Following regional stakeholder consultations, there is an emerging interest to establish an RCC-Network focused on the unique requirements of the Third Pole region. WMO has initiated a scoping process to determine the structure of Third Pole RCC- Network (TPRCC-Network) and develop an implementation plan. Going forward Enhancing the connections with the Arctic Council, and how we gradually engage with them: Finland has meteorology as a theme; Iceland will follow and keep this theme in focus. EC-PHORS will be discussing how what WMO does can translate into meaningful contribution to the Arctic Council. High Mountain: EC-PHORS started with a strong Cryosphere Focus (GCW), where Himalayan region is a particular current focus, allowing other regions of the world with high mountains to benefit. Charles Fierz (Switzerland) helped defining observational infrastructure requirements. Two aspects elevated this focus: 1. Water resources and implications of water resources is becoming central, together with the role the scientific community is going to play, and what services can be provided. We need to bring new partners in EC-PHORS to help implement required activities and services (see item 11 for proposal to Executive Council in 2018 and Congress in 2019 on high mountain agenda and related water resources issues, with details on roles and expectations); and 2. Global High Mountain Summit is planned in the Alpes region by the end of this year to bring wide participation from the high mountain regions of the world. The Summit will help to bring community together, with emphasis on what mechanisms to put in place under mandate of WMO to organize a community working together on such activity. Framing the WMO Polar and High Mountain agenda as part of the new draft Strategic Plan to be approved by the 18 th World Meteorological Congress in mid PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE MEETING 2.1 Introductions of members Participants were invited to introduce themselves to each other during meeting breaks. The list of participants is provided in Annex 1. Profile of participating EC-PHORS members was provided in EC-PHORS-8 Information Document No Adoption of the Agenda The co-chairs introduced the draft agenda, which was adopted by the Panel

13 EC-PHORS-8, Final report 2.3 Working arrangements and logistical information The Panel agreed on its working hours and timetable. The Secretariat introduced the documentation plan of the meeting and thanked all those who had contributed written input. There were also three Breakout Group established during the Session. See item 5 for details. 3 INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGIC DISCUSSIONS 3.1 WMO Polar and High Mountain Activities in the current WMO Strategic and Operating Plans The meeting was briefed on current WMO Polar and High Mountain Activities as part of the WMO Strategic Plan , focusing on the following activities: Progress of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) Progress of the Polar Space Task Group (PSTG) Progress of the Polar Prediction Project (PPP) and the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) WMO engagement with the Arctic Circle WMO engagement with the Arctic Council and its Working Groups Development of the Networks of Polar and High Mountain Regional Climate Centres and Regional Climate Outlook Forums High Mountain Activities WMO engagement with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Details are provided in EC-PHORS-8 Document no. 3.1(1). Action 3.1 What By whom Deadline to provide feedback to the Secretariat about their activities and respective contributions to EC-PHORS EC-PHORS members Ongoing 3.2 Introduction to the new Strategic Plan D. Grimes introduced the new draft Strategic Plan It was noted that the structure of the draft Strategic Plan evolved from the current plan The Panel noted that through Decision 65 (EC-69), the Executive Council endorsed the following vision for the draft Strategic Plan : We envision a world in 2030 where all WMO Members, especially the most vulnerable, are more resilient to the socioeconomic consequences of extreme weather, water, climate and other environmental events; and support their sustainable development through the best possible services, whether over land, at sea or in the air. The following drivers are considered in the new draft Strategic Plan: Global agenda creating unprecedented demand for actionable, accessible and authoritative science-based information. In particular, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction serve as the centrepieces for national and international policymaking and action. As a consequence, their implementation will increasingly demand for actionable, accessible and authoritative information and services on the changing states of the entire Earth System. Increasing threats of extreme weather and climate urge action for resilience, mitigation and adaptation. Growing capacity gap threatens global infrastructure and services

14 EC-PHORS-8, Final report Rapid advancements in science and technology and changing landscape of data and service delivery urge for innovative partnerships. The following overarching Priorities are also considered: (1) Enhancing preparedness and reducing losses of life and property from hydrometeorological extremes; (2) Supporting climate-smart decision making to build resilience and adaptation to climate risk; (3) Enhancing socioeconomic value of weather, climate, hydrological and related environmental services. Long Term Goals include: 1. Goal 1: Better serve societal needs: Delivering, authoritative, accessible, user-oriented and fit-for-purpose information and services; 2. Goal 2: Enhance Earth system observations and predictions; 3. Goal 3: Advance targeted research: Leveraging leadership in science to improve understanding of the Earth system for enhanced services; 4. Goal 4: Close the capacity gap on weather, climate, hydrological and related environmental services: Enhancing service delivery capacity of developing countries to ensure availability of essential information and services needed by governments, economic sectors and citizens; and 5. Goal 5: Strategic realignment of WMO structure and programmes for effective policyand decision-making and implementation. With regard to Goal 2, the Panel noted that seamless prediction will particularly imply building more continuity between weather and climate fields, and moving to earth system modeling, including going towards Atmosphere Ice Ocean coupling (e.g. ECMWF 2 and Canada have already started activities in this regard). This will be an opportunity to shape WMO s P&HM activities contribution to such goal. We ll also have to refine how GCW fits with the WMO integrated frameworks for observations (WIGOS). With regard to Goal 3, this will be an opportunity to enhance science for services value chain in WMO P&HM activities. With regard to Goal 4, emphasis on water resources will take shape and be major driver for the High Mountain activities. There will be more integrated focus across the Organization activities. A WMO Operating Plan will also be developed to specify activities that will be contributing to the Strategic Plan. This will help leveraging resources at partner organizations. The Panel agreed with the following: All EC-PHORS members are invited to review the draft Strategic Plan document, and provide comments before next Executive Council (EC) Working Group on WMO Strategic and Operational Planning (EC-SOP) meeting through the Secretariat. Based on Panel members feedback, the Panel agreed that a document ought to be developed to demonstrate where Polar and High Mountain activities fit in to the new draft Strategic Plan. This will allow Members at Congress see how EC-PHORS merges and contributes. It will be a tool to promote the PHORS agenda. One should also consider how to scope different ways of acquiring technical information and assess whether there are other ways to include such input in the document. Update to the draft Strategic Plan should then be proposed accordingly. As part of the overarching priorities, there is the need for technology innovations/advances to be better reflected and clarified in the next version of the draft Strategic Plan, in relation to atmospheric as well as oceanic physical parameters, also 2 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)

15 EC-PHORS-8, Final report promoting a better use of ship of opportunities. Also, with regard to the priority on Enhancing preparedness and reducing losses of life and property from hydrometeorological extremes, we ll have to consider how the poles are covered (e.g. melting of the Arctic sea ice and thawing of permafrost); this could be achieved by referring to weather, climate and water extremes instead. Item 5.2 (streaming WMO Programmes) should include words about how partnerships help making progress. The Panel could benefit from additional communication around low-high latitude connections. This will be important so that the Panel can remind the Arctic Council of the importance of the relative impacts of each Arctic Council Working Group. EC-PHORS should connect with the UN Decade on Ocean Science while it is currently going through its initial planning phase. A formal planning team is to be established in July Sue Barrell is involved in the interim planning group, and has been asked to nominate participants. The Panel agreed that we should use this opportunity to ensure a strong connection. Action 3.2/1 Action 3.2/1 What By whom Deadline to review the draft Strategic Plan document, and provide comments before next EC-SOP meeting through the Secretariat EC-PHORS members asap What By whom Deadline to develop a document, based on Panel Secr. asap members feedback, to demonstrate where Polar and High Mountain activities fit in to the new draft Strategic Plan The Panel should encourage progress in the southern ocean, noting the dearth of sustained observations in the area and the significant science challenges that need to be addressed. There are significant issues with resourcing and sustainability, and a need for focused effort in key areas, as well as coordination of efforts to ensure priority outcomes are achieved. The Panel should ensure that these issues are considered as part of future planning of any Panelrelated initiatives. The Panel agreed that WMO requirements in this regard ought to be highlighted in a document going forward. 3.3 Priority areas for future The Panel initiated discussion on the need to propose priority activities for WMO Polar and High-Mountain Activities as part of the draft Strategic Plan Outcome of Panel s discussions in this regard is provided in item ADVANCING P&HM SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH SYSTEM 4.1 Current and future scientific foci. See under item Enhancing partnerships General introduction to partnerships The chair introduced the partnership topic while highlighting WMO s efforts to enhance partnerships, and the good example of EC-PHORS in this regard Science to Policy partnerships Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) Mike Sparrow (WMO Secretariat, WCRP) reported on WMO s engagement with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), and the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP). The 40 th ATCM, and the 20 th meeting of the CEP, were held in Beijing, China from 22 May to

16 EC-PHORS-8, Final report June The meetings were often held in parallel sessions and attended by Mike Sparrow (WCRP 3 ) and Etienne Charpentier (WMO Secretariat, OBS 4 ) in order also to bring both the Research and Operational perspectives of WMO to the discussions. WMO submitted and presented eight papers (the most to date). The topics for the papers were based on discussions held during the EC-PHORS-7 meeting, taking into account both the needs of WMO (e.g. for additional input to the Antarctic Observing Network (AntON)) and requests from the Treaty (e.g. reporting on climate information relevant to the Treaty area). As well as outcomes as a direct result of the papers presented (e.g. Treaty engagement with the concept of a scoping workshop for an Antarctic Regional Climate Centre; additional participation in the YOPP) several side discussions were held on e.g. use of tourist ships for making additional meteorological measurements; WMO partnership with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) on fellowships. In order to maintain momentum and the high-profile role WMO has within the Treaty system, the Panel agreed that it was crucial to ensure continuous engagement with the Treaty and CEP intersessionally through the WMO Delegates. Intersessionally WMO have been: Exploring with the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) the possibility of using tourist vessels and their land based facilities for taking additional WMO-relevant measurements Discussing within WMO what integrated support and services the WMO is or should be providing to those operating in the Antarctic Region (Aeronautical Meteorology, Marine Services and Search and Rescue operations), and what efforts we could make to enhance such services. Exploring synergies between input to the Antarctic Treaty and the Arctic Council from WMO (e.g. preparation of papers that are bipolar). Inputting to intersessional discussions on the CEP s Climate Change Response Work Programme and with regards to Actions from previous ATCMs regarding WMO. With regard to the forthcoming 41 st ATCM, because of issues with regards to the original hosting country having to pull out of arranging the Session, the 2018 meeting will be a smaller affair than normal and hosted entirely in plenary. The meeting will be held in Buenos Aires from 13 to 19 th May. All Parties, Observers and Experts have been asked to reduce the size of their delegations and to minimise the number of papers they submit. The following papers are being submitted to the meeting: WMO Annual Report (to include short updates on GCW, AntON, PRCCs 5 ), and Update on the Year of Polar Prediction, The WMO/SCAR Fellowship Scheme. The following (potential) papers will be held over to 2019: Improvements to Meteorological and Weather Services for Aviation in Antarctica, Black Carbon in Antarctica (TBC), The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in the Antarctic Region, The SCAR/WMO Fellowship scheme (TBC), GCW and CryoNET 6 : An Update, AntON: An Update, and Progress with the PRCCs. Since the meeting will be entirely in plenary with a reduced agenda the Panel noted WMO 3 World Climate Research Programme 4 WMO Observing and Information Systems Department 5 Polar Regional Climate Centres 6 GCW Core Observing Network

17 EC-PHORS-8, Final report Secretariat s plan to send only one Delegate, M Sparrow, this year. Issue # Engagement with Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting 4.2.2/1 Background Antarctica has been designated as a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science under the Environmental Protocol of the Antarctic Treaty. Each year Parties to the Treaty and invited Observers and Experts meet for the purpose of exchanging information, consulting together on matters of common interest pertaining to Antarctica, and formulating and considering and recommending to their Governments measures in furtherance of the principles and objectives of the Treaty" (Article IX). The total number of Parties to the Treaty is currently 53. A number of Observers and Experts (including WMO) are invited by both the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) and the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP). For further details see Rationale Follow up of engagement at ATCM-40 in line with WMO Strategic Plan and WMO Priority for Polar and high Mountain Regions Activities. Decision(s)/ Action(s) What By whom Deadline Continue to provide input on climate change research and effects in the Antarctic Region to the Treaty and CEP Provide updates to the Treaty and CEP on the Global Cryosphere Watch and the Antarctic Observing Network as well as soliciting input and engagement from Treaty Parties (Ongoing; E Charpentier) Continue to work with SCAR on the SCAR/WMO Fellowship scheme Explore with IAATO the possibility of using tourist vessels and their land based facilities for taking additional WMO-relevant measurements Invite Treaty Observers, Experts and other interested Parties to participate in the 2018 scoping workshop for the Antarctic Regional Climate Centres (AntRCC) network Liaise with the ATCM Secretariat with reference to the ATCM Multi-Year Strategic Work Plan and their priority Action on the IMO and the Polar Code Discuss within WMO what integrated support and services the WMO is or should be providing to those operating in the Antarctic Region (Aeronautical Meteorology, Marine Services and Search and Rescue operations), and what efforts we could make to enhance such services. Investigate with the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Program (COMNAP) the potential for adding new stations to AntON and CryoNet Follow up with the Bulgarian Treaty Delegation regarding adding some of their stations to AntON and/or CryoNet Explore synergies between input to the Antarctic Treaty and the Arctic Council from WMO (e.g. preparation of papers that are bipolar). M. Sparrow Ongoing E. Charpentier Ongoing Y Adebayo, M Sparrow E Charpentier, M Sparrow E Charpentier E Charpentier, M Sparrow E Charpentier R. Nitu, E. Charpentier E Charpentier, M Sparrow M Sparrow, E Charpentier Ongoing End 2018 When appropriate to do so Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing May 2018 Ongoing

18 Arctic Council (and its working groups) EC-PHORS-8, Final report The Panel recalled that the Arctic Council ( is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the eight Arctic States, Arctic indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic. WMO only became an Observer to the Arctic Council in 2017 and so efforts to engage, in particular with its six Working Groups (WGs), are still ramping up 7, and WMO Secretariat has nominated contact points in each of the WGs. Before EC-PHORS-8 meeting, most interaction has been with the Protection of the Marine Environment (PAME) and Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Groups. correspondence and meetings of convenience have been initiated with the other WGs. See EC-PHORS-8 Document 4.2.2(2) for more detail about the WGs and WMO s engagement with them. See also below for AMAP. The Panel also recalled that under Finland s chairmanship of the Arctic Council, meteorological cooperation is being promoted as one of the four priority areas of the Arctic Council. In this regard, this EC-PHORS-8 meeting in Levi was also a good opportunity for WMO to interact with the Arctic Council, since the Arctic Council Senior Arctic Officials (SAO) meeting took place also in Levi during the same week as EC-PHORS-8 from 22 to 23 March In particular, WMO President, Secretary General and Assistant Secretary General attended the SAO meeting and discussed ways, in which National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and WMO activities and WMO expertise can feed into the work of the Arctic Council. Finland also organized an Arctic Meteorology Summit 1 on 20 March 2018 in Levi, which gave opportunity to demonstrate the role of meteorology and WMO to invited participants, including invited Senior Arctic Officials. WMO President, David Grimes reported to the Panel on the outcome of the discussions with the Arctic Council during SAO meeting in Levi. In particular, the Arctic Council needs and priorities were discussed by the Chairs of the Arctic Council Working Groups, which welcomed WMO s contribution. The Panel noted the following issues addressed in these discussions for building the bridge between needs and capacity: 1. The need to provide a framework for observations, including on how to better integrated satellite and in situ data. Space and remote sensing observations are needed and should be better used. The Polar Space Task Group (PSTG) should play a critical role in the future in this regard. Also, while observation and infrastructure in the polar regions are research-based, we need to assess and advocate what needs to be sustained in the Arctic region. WMO can play a useful role, foster cooperation, and influence how SAON 8 can evolve. As we move to earth system modelling, we ll need more than just meteorological observations. Integrated observing in the Arctic needs to be articulated; and we can reflect on this in the draft WMO Strategic Plan For example, low to high latitude connections need to be better understood, and there are some critical gaps to be addressed. 2. The need to provide a modelling framework for Arctic region, where Earth system modelling, and the coupling between ocean, ice and atmosphere is key. Discussion need to take place on how the models should be designed. 3. Climate resilience, and how can WMO engages in that process. WMO can help providing a science base for mitigation and adaptation to changes in the Arctic region. 4. Hydrology and water resources while specific challenges are being faced in the Arctic in this regard (e.g. how climate change is going to impact availability of clean & safe water). 7 The six Arctic Council Working Groups are: (1) the Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP), (2) the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), (3) the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), (4) the Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR), (5) the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME), and (6) the Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) 8 Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks

19 EC-PHORS-8, Final report 5. The oceans, and understanding changes in the oceans. There is strong ocean focus coming up in the Arctic Council, and we need to explain how WMO links to the ocean community and ocean services. WMO will have to enhance its engagement with the ocean community, and look at connections between cryosphere and the ocean. While the Decade on Ocean Sciences is being planned under the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO leadership, a planning team is being set up, and cryosphere should be represented there. WMO can act as a proxy for IOC to have ocean aspects considered by the Arctic Council. EC-PHORS can help develop guidance to WMO Members on how to open up access to data. In parallel, the Arctic Council can help making the case for showing how data, incl. from partners, can be useful. For example, we can be improving Argo profiling float coverage (and ice tethered platforms) in the Arctic (SOCCOM 9 programme is being used to introduce other types of measurements than Temperature and Salinity in the Southern Ocean; WCRP has also formed a Northern Ocean Regional panel) While WMO is engaging with the Arctic Council and its Working Groups, and explained how it can bring a global perspective of what it can contribute and what are our plans, the Panel noted the following issues: There are expectations on what can be gained, in particular with regard to closing knowledge, information, and services gaps in support of the Arctic Council objectives. WMO collaboration with other organizations will allow stronger contribution. Policy matters need to be addressed. For example, the Arctic Council has been discussing how to frame collaborative arrangements on Search and Rescue. Permanent Members and representatives of indigenous people made interventions (Inuit, etc.), and expressed strong support for meteorological cooperation and enhanced relationship with the meteorological community and WMO. Needs for engagement were expressed. Challenges for indigenous people include climate resilience (e.g. experiencing natural phenomenon beyond the normal with high winds, sea-ice, etc.), and access to services and products. WMO will have to engage with them to better understand their needs, and assist Members develop capacities in support of such needs. Directions must be given by WMO at the national and regional level. Agreement characterizing the interface between AC and WMO should be developed. Action 4.2.2/2 What By whom Deadline To develop Agreement characterizing the interface between the Arctic Council and WMO ASG in liaison with AC asap Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Jan René Larsen (AMAP Secretariat) reported on the AMAP activities related to WMO Polar and high Mountain Activities. He recalled that AMAP has a mandate to monitor and assess the status of the Arctic region with respect to pollution (e.g., persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, radionuclides, acidification, and petroleum hydrocarbons) and climate change issues by documenting levels and trends, pathways and processes, and effects on ecosystems and humans, and by proposing actions to reduce associated threats for consideration by governments. This mandate is fulfilled through the implementation of a circumpolar monitoring and assessment programme as outlined in this strategic framework and in a separate monitoring plan document. Significant parts of AMAP s work on climate and pollution issues are of a continuing nature, responsive to the long-term visions of the Arctic Council, in particular concerning sustainable development, environmental protection and scientific cooperation. Furthermore; climate change, long range transported pollutants and radioactivity are truly global issues addressing these issues within a global context is therefore an integral part of AMAP projects. 9 Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling

20 EC-PHORS-8, Final report The Panel recalled that the Finland chairmanship of the Arctic Council ( ) has set up two initiatives with WMO relevance, i.e. (i) Strengthening meteorological cooperation, and (ii) Project on Value Tree Analysis (VTA). With regard to the first one, it was noted that Finland s initiate aligned well with AMAP s ongoing work on climate change and its impacts. At their recent HoDs meeting, AMAP Heads of Delegation (HoDs) confirmed their support for including meteorology cooperation as part of the AMAP work plan. This inclusion would also strengthen the work of the AMAP climate expert group. With regard to the second one, VTA project supports the Finnish Arctic Council chairmanship ambitions to improve meteorological and oceanographic cooperation to fill gaps in the observing system. The project identifies existing data sources and services that support Societal Benefit Areas like Weather and climate. The aim is to perform the work within the term of the Finnish AC chairmanship and to deliver a final report in spring Mr Larsen also highlighted progress on some AMAP project including (i) the Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs), (ii) the Arctic Ocean Acidification (AOA), and (iii) SWIPA/IPCC 10 follow-up. In particular the Panel noted with appreciation that the Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) technical background report was published in Mr Larsen also briefly reported on the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) with regard to its activities related to WMO Polar and High Mountain Activities, and in liaison with the future WMO Strategic Plan and future collaborations between SAON and WMO. He recalled that SAON's vision is to foster a connected, collaborative, and comprehensive longterm pan-arctic Observing System that serves societal needs. SAON s mission is to facilitate, coordinate, and advocate for the pan-arctic Observing System and to mobilize the support needed to sustain it. The Panel noted that A strategy 11 for SAON was approved in January 2018 and identifies three overarching goals (1) Create a roadmap to a well-integrated Arctic Observing System; (2) Promote free and ethically open access to all Arctic observational data; and (3) Ensure sustainability of Arctic observing. SAON implementation will be achieved through two committees: The Committee on Observations and Networks (CON) and the Arctic Data Committee (ADC). The plan for SAON Implementation 11 describes how the Committees and the SAON Board will work together to achieve its objectives. European Union Polar Initiatives, including the second Arctic Ministerial Andrea Tilche, Head, of the Climate Action and Earth Observation Unit of the European Commission) provided an overview on the European Union (EU) Initiatives, including the Second Arctic Science Ministerial. He recalled that the EU is a major investor and is deeply involved in Polar research and observations, with priority in the Arctic region. For example, the EU supports international observing and modeling initiatives, such as SAON, YOPP and GEO-CRI. The EU also supports the development and the international access to Arctic research infrastructures throughout the whole region. Over the first half of the Horizon 2020 Programme the EU has already funded more than 45 Arctic related projects worth more than 120 Million Euro. The EU Arctic Research Cluster includes: EU-PolarNet Strategic framework and coordination ICE-ARC Impact of Arctic sea ice loss (FP7) INTAROS Integrated Arctic Observing System APPLICATE and BLUE ACTION Impacts on global weather and modelling NUNATARYUK Permafrost melting and coastal regions INTERACT Transnational access to inland research infrastructures ARISE Transnational access to research icebreakers Dr Tilche explained that spending in Arctic research and observations is not a cost but an investment that generates benefits. The EU took commitments of sustaining its investments 10 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 11 The SAON Strategy and Implementation plan:

21 EC-PHORS-8, Final report through its Arctic policy documents, and is maintaining its commitments. Arctic science and observations are part of the 3.3 billion Horizon 2020 Focus Area Building a low-carbon, climate-resilient future in the Work Programme, and aim at establishing a sustained transnational cooperation and the associated funding for securing an integrated Arctic observing system. The objective is to provide a number of Arctic Essential Variables and to ensure greater shared access to Arctic research infrastructures for scientist from everywhere. Dr Tilche reported on the Ice-core drilling in East Antarctica, which challenge is to obtain a reliable ice core record of climate and biogeochemistry extending through several of the 40,000 year cycles and up to the present, requiring a replicated Antarctic ice core record extending beyond 1 million and up to 1.5 million years, into the past. Ice-core drilling in East Antarctica will be developed in three phases: (i) Pre-site survey ( ) with determination of optimal drill site, (ii) Phase 1 ( ) with Ice-core drilling and climate record, and (iii) Phase 2 ( ) with Scientific exploitation. Future activities during the period will include (i) In 2018 tipping points and climate processes, (ii) in 2019 ice sheet/glacier dynamics and contributions to global sea-level change, changes in Arctic biodiversity and related impacts; sustainable opportunities in a changing Arctic; and the development of Arctic Standards for technologies and services, and (iii) in 2020 Arctic observations (GEO-CRI/SAON) and the polar climate. Dr Tilche then reported on the plans of the European Commission, the Republic of Finland and the Federal Republic of Germany to organize the second Arctic Science Ministerial (ASM), building on the first ASM event, hosted by the USA in Washington-DC in September Invited participants will include 30 Countries, representatives of Indigenous Peoples Organizations, and of International Organizations, including WMO. Second ASM will be held in Berlin, Germany, from 25 to 26 October It will focus on science and research in the Arctic and in relation to the Arctic. While this is not an Arctic Council event, coordination with the Arctic Council will be ensured by Finland. Participation of Arctic indigenous peoples is considered a priority. Joint Statement of the Ministers will be one of the main outcomes. Three Themes, where improved and better-coordinated international scientific cooperation will advance the understanding of the impacts of Arctic changes and the ability to respond to these changes: (i) strengthening, integrating and sustaining Arctic observations, facilitating access to Arctic data, and sharing Arctic research infrastructure; (ii) understanding regional and global dynamics of Arctic change; and (iii) assessing vulnerability and building resilience of Arctic environments and societies. Participating countries, international organizations and indigenous peoples organizations invited to provide following input: (1) an update on ASM1 deliverables, (2) new deliverables for ASM2, (3) a 2-pager. A Science Advisory Board is being established, and the first draft of Joint Statement shared with participating governments will be provided in February. First teleconference of ASM2 organizers will take place in April. The Panel noted that the cooperation between funding agencies is important call is still in preparation, and discussions with other agencies is planned. There are opportunities for EC-PHORS members to inform their governments about EC-PHORS activities and requirements. Past efforts allowed commitments to be made Partnerships in WMO Programmes and co-sponsored programmes The Panel discussed current and future scientific foci, and agreed that the following questions ought to be addressed in the context of developing partnerships in WMO programmes and cosponsored programmes: How can we work in partnership to tackle the big themes over the next years? What will we be focusing on? Can we work to co-design and even co-fund such activities?

22 EC-PHORS-8, Final report How should the research community work best with and feed into/gain benefit from GCW and the PRCCs? WCRP (including CliC & GEWEX) The Panel noted that the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is currently developing its Strategic Plan , which focuses around four overarching Scientific Objectives: O-1. Understanding the climate system O-2. Advance predictive skill on sub-decadal timescales O-3. Constraining projections on decadal to centennial timescales O-4. Connecting climate science with policy and services The Science to Services aspect is emphasised both in the Strategic and the associated Implementation plans. WCRP has also gone through an external review, which recommends substantive changes to its structure. An official response to the review will be considered by the WCRP co-sponsors (WMO, IOC-UNESCO, ICSU 12 ) in June. Issue # 4.2.3/1 Background WCRP Strategic and Implementation Plans WCRP is taking steps to develop its new Strategic and Implementation plans. Rationale Recommendat ions New WCRP Strategic and Implementation plans need to align with WMO agenda for polar and high mountain regions activities. What To whom Time frame (e.g. EC-70, Cg-18, ) As WCRP develops its new Strategic and WCRP 2018 Implementation plans, and responds to the recommendations of the co-sponsors review, it will need to ensure that Polar and High Mountain activities are (i) well coordinated and funded (ii) link in a more seamless manner to the service requirements. The Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) and Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Core Projects of WCRP The Panel recalled that the WCRP has a number of activities of relevance to the Polar and High Mountain agenda. Of these, the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) and Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) are most relevant: Climate and Cryosphere (CliC): CliC encourages and promotes research into the cryosphere in order to improve understanding of the cryosphere and its interactions with the global climate system, and to enhance the ability to use parts of the cryosphere for detection of climate change. Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX): GEWEX is an integrated program of research, observations, and science activities that focuses on the atmospheric, terrestrial, radiative, hydrological, coupled processes, and interactions that determine the global and regional hydrological cycle, radiation and energy transitions and their involvement in global changes. Ice Sheet Mass Balance and Sea Level International Council for Science (ICSU)