Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL... 7

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1 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. GENERAL LOCATION, SIZE AND PURPOSE OF PROJECT VOLUME OF WORKS TYPES AND NUMBER OF VEHICLES AVAILABLE AT THE SITE DEMAND ON FUEL NUMBER OF WORKER AVAILABLE AT THE SITE AT PEAK TIME PRESENT STATUS OF POPULATION IN THE PROJECT SITE SCOPE OF STUDY ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE Air Quality and Noise Air Quality Noise Climate Temperature Rainfall Wind Humidity Evaporation Water Quality Quarries Soil Erosion ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION, CAMP ACTIVITIES AIR Air Quality NOISE AND VIBRATION LAND Borrow pit and Quarry creation Tunnel Dewatering and Tunnel Portal Construction Instream Construction Activities Other In-stream Activities WORKER CAMP Introduction of Approximately 4000 Construction Workers Division or Transfer of Household Labor Increased Demand for Infrastructure and Services from the Creation of Boom Town Effects

2 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project 3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) INTRODUCTION Background EMP Structure and Organization PROJECT OVERVIEW SOCIAL AND ENRIRONMENTAL RISKS ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE EMP Responsibilities EMP Structure, Organization and Content ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION FRAMEWORK Construction Supervision Framework Construction Supervision Contractor Responsibility ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FRAMEWORK Monitoring Ojectives Monitoring Framework Construction Phase COMMUNICATION AND REPORTING Communication Process Reporting CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board Supervising Engineer Construction Contractor Independent Environmental Monitor EMP MONITORING AND REVIEW Review of the EMP Control and Update of the EMP ADDITIONAL STYDIES Implementation Plan and Schedule EMP Costs ANNEXES AND FIGURES 2

3 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Volume of main headwork (nghìn m 3 )... 8 Table 2: Number of vehicles operating at site... 8 Table 3: Number of maximum operating shift per day... 9 Table 4: Forecasting maximum daily fuel demand... 9 Table 5: Present status of population in project site...10 Table 6: Summation, technical particulars, scope, land acquisition area construction layout 10 Table 7: Scope and quantity of construction and operation roads...13 Table 8: Air Quality in the Project Area...15 Table 9: Noise Levels in the Project Area...15 Table 10: List of Meteorological Stations and Recorded Parameters...16 Table 11: Average Annual Temperatures ( 0 C) in the Ma River Basin...16 Table 12: Average Annual Rainfall (mm) in the Ma River Basin...17 Table 13: Average Annual Wind Speed (m/s) in the Ma River Basin...17 Table 14: Average Annual Humidity (%) in the Ma River Basin...18 Table 15: Average Annual Evaporation (mm) in the Ma River Basin...18 Table 16: Water Quality Parameters...18 Table 17: Construction Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures...22 Table 18: Summary of Key Environmental Construction Phase Impacts...49 Table 19: Responsibility for EMP Implementation...50 Table 20: Primary Responsibilities of the TSHPP EMP...55 Table 21: Mitigation Standards/Measures for Minimizing Impacts During construction...58 Table 22: Construction Supervision Framework...66 Table 23: Construction Monitoring Plan Framework...69 Table 24: Communication Pathway...71 Table 25: External Reporting Schedule...71 Table 26: Construction Phase Issues That Require Additional Clarification...76 Table 27: EMP Implementation Plan...77 Table 28: EMP Costs (for construction and camp management only)

4 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Abbreviations Abbreviation Description B/C BP BOD 5 CEC CLIP COD DO DONRE DPA DSF DWL EA EIA EMDP EMP EMPF EP EPC ERR ESF ESIA EVN FSL FLMEC Benefit-Cost Bank Procedure Biological Oxygen Demand Cation exchange capacity Community Livelihood Development Plan Chemical Oxygen Demand Dissolved Oxygen Department of Natural Resources and Environment District Protected Area Dam Safety Framework Dead Water Level Environmental Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment Ethnic Minority Development Plan Environment Management Plan Ethnic Minority Policy Framework Ethnic Minority Plan Environmental Protection Commitment Economic Rate of Return Environmental Safeguards Framework Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Electricity of Vietnam Full Supply Level Forests of Lower Mekong Eco-region Complex 4

5 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Abbreviation Description GDP GHG HPP ICB IDA IEBR IRR IUCN MASL MODIS MOF MoIT MOL MONRE MOU NBCA NGO NO x NPA NPV NR OM OP PB PHAP PIB Gross Domestic Product Greenhouse gases Hydropower projects International Competitive Bidding International Development Association Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Internal Rate of Return International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources Meters Above Sea Level Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Ministry of Finance Ministry of Industry and Trade Minimum Operating Level Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Memorandum of Understanding National Biological Conservation Area Non-governmental Organization Nitrogen Oxides National Protected Area Net Present Value Natural Reserves Operation Manual Operational Policy Participating Bank Public Health Action Plan Project Information Brochures 5

6 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Abbreviation Description PMB PMP PPA PPC QCBS RCC RE REDP RLDP ROW RP SA SEA SESIA SO x SPPA TA TSHPP TSHPMB WWF Project Management Board Probably maximum precipitation Power Purchase Agreement Provincial People Committee Quality and Cost Based Selection Roller-compacted Concrete Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Development Project Resettlement Livelihood Development Plan Right of Way Resettlement Action Plan Social Assessment Strategic Environmental Assessment Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Sulphur Oxides Standard Power Purchase Agreement Technical Assistance Trung Son Hydropower Project Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board World Wildlife Fund 6

7 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project 1. GENERAL Trung Son hydropower project (former namely is Ban Uon HPP) is one of power sources planned for developed in Master Plan VI and commissioned in Loan for the project construction is assummed from the World Bank (WB) and partially from Vietnam Electricity (EVN) LOCATION, SIZE AND PURPOSE OF PROJECT * Location Trung Son hydropower project (HPP) is located on Ma River in territory of Trung Son commune, Quan Hoa district of Thanh Hoa province. Headwork is located at coordinates X= , Y= (VN2000 coordinates system) It is located about 45 km downstream of Viet-Laos border, some of 95km South-West of Hoa Binh city, 195 km North-West of Thanh Hoa province. TRUNG SON DAMSITE * Scale - Full Supply Level (FSL): m; - Minimum Operating Level (MOL): m; - Gross storage million m 3 ; - Active storage which is flood storage: 112 million m 3 ; - Reservoir area at FSL km 2. 7

8 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project * Purposes The project is aiming at generating power to National Grid with installed capacity of Nlm= 260 MW and annual energy of Eo= million kwh. In addition the project will take part in flood control with flood storage of million m 3, in which permanent flood storage of million m 3. * Construction schedule Project activities will be carried out over a period of five years, including one year for preparation and four years for construction of the main civil works. Initiation of the project will take place in the fourth quarter of 2010, the first unit will be completed in 2014 and project completion is expected in Volume of works Taking into account the Project General Layout, the volume of work is as listed in table follows: Table 1: Volume of main headwork (nghìn m 3 ) No Items Construction year 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total 1 Soil ex, + demolishing cofferdam 1, , , Rock and weathered rock excavation , , Rock embankment + embanking transitional rock zone 4 Earth/rockfill Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Conventional Vibration Concrete (CVC) Types and number of vehicles available at the site a) Type and quantity Also according to the Project General Layout, type and quantity of vehicle operated at the site will be potentially as mention in table 2 below. Table 2: Number of vehicles operating at site No Equipment Quantity Notes 1 Excavator of all types 24 2 Bulldozer of all typer 25 3 Excavator 180 CV 9 Basing on General Project Layout stage 1 of Trung 4 Truck of all type 104 Son Hydropower project 5 Other kind of truck, car 42 6/ Compactor of all type 6 Total 210 8

9 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project b) Maximum vehicle operating shift According to Project General Layout, number of maximum operating shift will occur in the end of the 2 nd construction year. By that the number of operating vehicle shift will be as listed in table 3 herein. Table 3: Number of maximum operating shift per day No Equipment Number of shift per day Notes 1 Excavator 2.3m Bulldozer 110 CV 37 Basing on General Project 3 Bulldozer 180 CV 9 Layout stage 1 of Trung Son 4 Truck 12 ton 256 Hydropower project 6/ Truck 27 ton 5 6 Compactor 16 ton Demand on fuel Al so according to Project General Layout stage 1, the demand on fuel on daily basis in the most critical construction intensity year, to be the end of the 2 nd construction year. The daily demand on fuel in the peak month is listed in table 4. Table 4: Forecasting maximum daily fuel demand No Equipment Number of shift per day Fuel Consumption litter/shift Consumption per day (litter) 1 Excavator 2.3m 3 54 Diesel 137, Bulldozer 110 CV 37 Diesel 46, Bulldozer 180 CV 9 Diesel 75, Truck 12 ton 256 Diesel 64, Truck 27 ton 5 Diesel 86, Compactor 16 ton 6 Diesel 37, Total Number of worker available at the site at peak time Number of worker available at the site during peak time (the second year) is forecasted to be some of 4,000 people Present status of population in the project site In the vicinity of the project site, there are 3 villages all of Trung Son commune, Quan Hoa district, in which - 2 villages locate in reservoir area to be resettled; - 1 village downstream of the damsite. 9

10 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Present status of population in the project site accounting to May 2008 is characterized as table 5. No Table 5: Present status of population in project site Location Number of household Number of individual Notes 1 Co Me village No resettlement 2 Xuoc village To be resettled 3 Quan Nhuc village To be resettled Source: Inventory investigation report prepared by PECC4 and site investigation results performed in May Scope of study The scope of this EMP is limited by construction layout of Trung Son hydropower project, including: - Area for headworks; - Area for auxiliary structures; - Area for camp; - Area for construction and operation roads within construction layout Summation, technical particulars, scope, land acquisition area of each component is detailed in table 6 & table 7 Table 6: Summation, technical particulars, scope, land acquisition area construction layout Project Existing soil condition (ha) No Charateristics Scope component A B C Total A Headwork area Concrete dam to I Main dam raise water RCC concrete dam to II Spillway spill water III Intake Steel IV Tunnel/penstock Steel Plant + Outlet V Concrete channel VI Culvert Build Upstream coffer VII Rock and soil dam VII Downstream Rock and soil I coffer dam B Auxiliary area Crushing area Provide aggregates and grinding sand for plant 1,050,000 m 3 sandy stone/year

11 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project No Project component RCC concrete area CVC concrete area Steel reinforced area Workform processing area Area for regular repair and car park Area for associated assembling Dynamite warehouse 9 Experiment room 10 Anti-fire station Gas and oil warehouse Technical material warehouse Specialized marine unit Electricity and water facility Station for processing and technical water supply Station for processing and domestic water supply Right-bank soil and rock disposal area Charateristics Scope Existing soil condition (ha) A B C Total Provide RCC plant 350 m 3 /h 3 3 Provide CVC plant 60 m 3 /h Produce reinforcement for CVC structural steel Producing and placing wooden workform and steel Maintenance for truck, car mechanic, machinery and equipment Maintenance, collecting equipment before installation Receiving, storage providing explosives for construction projects Implementation of the experiment at site Housing, work force for anti-fire Receiving, storage levels of gas and oil fields for site Receiving, storage, maintenance equipment, materials Install drilling machines for the drilling and drilling spray explosion Receiving maintenance equipment for installing electricity and water Processing and technical water supply Processing and domestic water supply Store soil and rock excavated from dam and spillway ground 17,80 ton/shift cars ,800 T/year ton station, 2 car ton ,300 m 3 /day,night 800 m 3 /day,night ,300 m

12 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project No Project component Left-bank soil and rock disposal area Right-bank disposal area Left-bank disposal area Disposal area for quarry 3a Charateristics Store soil and rock excavated from dam, spillway and plant ground Store waste soil and rock excavated from outlet channel and plant ground Store waste soil and rock excavated from culvert, coffer dam along the waterway Store waste soil and rock excavated from quarry 3 Scope Existing soil condition (ha) A B C Total 105,300 m ,199,300 m ,523,700 m ,000 m C Camp area Accomdation for workers Temporary 3,360 person Accomdation, office for Contractors Permanent 390 person Accomdation, office for PMB Permanent 50 person Accomdation, office for Consultant Permanent 50 person Police station Permanent 10 person School and kindergarten Permanent 110 children Clinic station Permanent 40 beds Post office Permanent Cultural palace Permanent Market Leveling, rock spreading = 30cm thick 32 Bus stop Leveling, rock spreading = 30cm thick 33 Waste dump Leveling, rock spreading = 30cm thick Note: A: Scattered forest land; B: Bamboo; C: River, stream 12

13 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Table 7: Scope and quantity of construction and operation roads No Name Grade I Construction and operation roads Connection of national road 15 to site (to Co Me bridge) Road VH1 for construction and operation of main dam, spillway, intake Road VH2 - for construction and operation of plant Dimension (m) Length Surface Base width width Foundation 23,510 V 20, V 2, V Standard broken stone Standard broken stone Standard broken stone Composition Surface Asphalt cover Asphalt cover Asphalt cover Remark Upgrade old road + New road New road New road II Construction roads 17,200 New road Road TC1 - Connection of VH1 to functional areas on the left bank Road TC2 - Connection of TC1 to functional areas on the left bank Road TC3A - Connection of Co Me bridge dam top on the right bank Road TC3B - from road TC3A to disposal area on the right bank Road TC4 - from road TC3A for excavation of dam shouder on the right bank Road TC5 - from road TC3A to berm height = 121m Road TC6 to coffer dam down and up stream of the right bank Road TC7 - for construction of culvert, intake, penstock, coffer dam down and up stream of the left bank Road TC8 to crushing station and upstream quarry on the left bank V V V 2, V V 1, V V V 1, V 7, Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone Grade of broken stone New road New road New road New road New road New road New road New road New road 13

14 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project No Name Grade 10 Road TC9 from road TC8 to disposal areas on the left bank Dimension (m) Length Surface Base width width Foundation V 1, Composition Surface Grade of broken stone Remark New road 11 Access roads to auxiliary and camp areas (proposed) V Standard broken stone Asphalt cover New road III Birdges over rives and streams Permanent bridge over Sia stream - Co Luong bridge Permanent bridge over Ma river - Co Me bridge Temporary bridge over Quanh stream Environmental baseline Air Quality and Noise Air Quality The project area is located within the mountainous region of Thanh Hoa province. The local population is largely composed of ethnic minorities, whose subsistence depends largely on agriculture and forestry. In order to assess the quality of air in the project area, PECC4 and the Centre for Environmental Research and Community Development conducted surveys and collected air samples in August, These results were compared with the Vietnamese air quality standard (Vietnamese Standard 5937:2005), and the air quality was found to be within the permissible limit. (See table 8) The absence of industries and transportation facilities are responsible for low emissions in the project area. Sampling was limited in locations and carried out only in late summer (rainy season). However, it has to be noted that the readings taken from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Sensor indicates there is a recurring pattern of aerosol pollutants traveling across southeast China into Northern Vietnam. This pattern is due to burning of secondary forests and croplands during the winter season in China. 14

15 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Table 8: Air Quality in the Project Area Sampling Location Dust (mg/m 3 ) Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) (mg/m 3 ) Lead (Pb) (mg/m 3 ) Nitrous Oxide (NO 2 ) (mg/m 3 ) Carbon Monoxide (CO) (mg/m 3 ) Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) (mg/m 3 ) 1 Chieng Nam village Co Me village Ban Tao (School) Near Chieng bridge Co Luong village TCVN 5937: Source: Center for Environmental Research and Community Development, Noise Based on previous surveys, noise levels in the project area were within permissible limits compared to Vietnamese Standard (TCVN 5949: 1998) (PECC4, 2008a). A noise survey was conducted in the following locations in the project area: Chieng Nam Village, Co-Me village, Ban Tao (School), Chieng bridge and Co Luong village (Table 9). Table 9: Noise Levels in the Project Area Sampling Location Noise (dba) 1 Chieng Nam village Co Me village Ban Tao (School) Near Chieng bridge Co Luong village TCVN Source: Chi and Garcia, Climate Vietnam s climate varies from one region of the country to another due to differences in latitude and a marked variety of topographical relief. During the winter (or dry) season, extending roughly from November to April, monsoon winds usually blow from the northeast along the China coast and across the Gulf of Tonkin, picking up considerable moisture. Consequently, the winter season in most parts of the 15

16 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project country is dry, only by comparison with the rainy or summer season. A total of 14 stations were monitored to assess meteorological conditions in the project area (PECC4, 2008a). Table 10 provides a list of monitoring stations, parameters recorded and the period of monitoring in the Ma River basin. Table 10: List of Meteorological Stations and Recorded Parameters Station Parameters Period 1 Tuan Giao Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Dien Bien Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Son La Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Song Ma Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Moc Chau Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Mai Chau Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Lac Sơn Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Hai Xuan Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Nho Quan Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Yen Dinh Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Bai Thuong Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Nhu Xuan Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Tinh Gia Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Thanh Hoa Rainfall, evaporation, temperature and wind Source: PECC4, 2008a Temperature The average temperature in the Ma River basin is relatively high throughout the year. Table 11 shows average annual temperatures (in degrees Celsius ( o C)) recorded at 14 meteorological stations in the Ma River basin. The differences reflect the topographical characteristics and locations in terms of altitude. Table 11: Average Annual Temperatures ( 0 C) in the Ma River Basin Station Tuan Giao Dien Bien Son La Song Ma Moc Chau Mai Chau Lac Son Hoi XUan Nho Quan Yen Dinh Bai Thuong Nhu Xuan Tinh Gia Thanh Hoa Temp o C Source: PECC4, Rainfall Annual rainfall is substantial with dominant winds from south and southeast during May to September months. However, the Ma River catchment, where the TSHPP will be constructed, receives different patterns of rainfall ranging from mm in Song 16

17 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Ma to mm in Lac Son. Table 12 represents annual rainfall pattern in the Ma River basin recorded at 14 hydrological stations ( ). Table 12: Average Annual Rainfall (mm) in the Ma River Basin Meteorological Tuan Dien Son Song Moc Mai Lac Hoi Nho Yen Bai Nhu Tinh Thanh Stations Giao Bien La Ma Chau Chau Son XUan Quan Dinh Thuong Xuan Gia Hoa Rainfall (mm) Source: Adapted from Chi and Garcia-Lozano, 2008 Annual rainfall in the project area amounts to mm, of which 80% of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon (May to September) season, average monthly rainfall in the project area (PECC4, 2008a) see following figure. Source: Adapted from PECC4, 2008a Average Monthly Rainfall in the TSHPP Area (mm) Wind There are two factors that influence the wind characteristics in the Ma River basin: the southeast winds in summer, originating from the Bay of Bengal, which increases the density of water vapor leading to monsoon rains; and the presence of two parallel mountain ranges surrounding the Ma River basin that partially blocks incoming air from the southwest in summer or from the north in winter. Table 13 presents average annual wind speed (m/s) in the Ma River basin (PECC4, 2008a). The spatial differences in terms of wind speed do not show a lot of variations: on an average, the lowest value corresponds to Tuan Giao (0.7 m/s) and the highest value to Moc Chau (2 m/s). Table 13: Average Annual Wind Speed (m/s) in the Ma River Basin Meteorologi cal Stations Tuan Giao Dien Bien Son La Song Ma Moc Cha u Mai Cha u Lac Son Hoi XUa n Nho Qua n Yen Dinh Bai Thuon g Nhu Xua n Tinh Gia Thanh Hoa 17

18 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Wind (m/s) Source: PECC4, Humidity Humidity in the Ma River basin is considered high throughout the year. Table 14 shows a gradual increase in the humidity towards the lower regions of catchments, and humidity is higher in summer compared to winter. The average annual humidity in the project area is between % (PECC4, 2008). Table 14: Average Annual Humidity (%) in the Ma River Basin Meteorologi cal Stations Tuan Giao Dien Bien Son La Song Ma Moc Chau Mai Chau Lac Son Hoi XUan Nho Quan Yen Dinh Bai Thuong Nhu Xuan Tinh Gia Than h Hoa Wind (m/s) Source: PECC4, Evaporation Evaporation shows a reverse trend in time compared to temperature, rain and humidity. Evaporation levels vary in summer (due to monsoon rains, high humidity and high temperatures) compared to winter. Table 15 shows average annual evaporation levels recorded in the Ma River basin. Table 15: Average Annual Evaporation (mm) in the Ma River Basin Meteorological Stations Tuan Giao Dien Bien Son La Song Ma Moc Chau Mai Chau Lac Son Hoi XUan Nho Quan Yen Dinh Bai Thuong Nhu Xuan Tinh Gia Thanh Hoa Evaporation (mm) Source: PECC4, Water Quality Numerous surveys were performed to assess the quality of water resources at the TSHPP site. Chemical analysis confirmed low concentrations of dissolved substances, suitable for the RCC gravity dam, which was selected for the TSHPP. Water sampling results are summarized in Table 16. Table 16: Water Quality Parameters Parameter Symbol Units Mean Monthly Temperature Upper Ma River Trung Son Stretch T C ph ph ph Pre - flood plain Flood Plain 18

19 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Parameter Symbol Units Upper Ma River Trung Son Stretch Dissolved Oxygen DO mg/ml Biological Oxygen Demand Pre - flood plain Flood Plain BOD 5 mg/l Total Dissolved Solids Sd mg/l Alkalinity mg/l Hardness mg/l Bicarbonates mg/l Phosphates mg/l Sulphates mg/l Nitrates mg/l Nitrites mg/l <0.001 Ammonia mg/l Coliform bacteria MPN/mL Source: PECC4, 2008a Based on water quality results (table 14) and according to the Vietnamese standard TCVN , all measured parameters, with the exception of suspended solids, were below standard levels. Suspended solids were found to be eight times higher than Level A and twice Level B water levels. Suspended solid (140 mg/l) levels in conjunction with turbidity levels (140 to 196 mg/l) are associated with higher erosion levels during the rainy season. Biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) levels are higher than the TCVN Level A, which indicate there are low levels of organic matter contamination within the Ma River. All other monitored parameters were within acceptable ranges of Environmental Standard TCVN Level B. Nutrient analysis results (nitrogen components and phosphorus compounds) yielded low concentrations (Thanh, 2007). Streams and rivers within the TSHPP area had phosphate (PO -3 4 ) levels ranging between 0.73 to 1.22mg/l. The water was adequately saturated with oxygen and ph was slightly alkaline (8.1) downstream of the dam site at Co Luong. Conductivity values vary from 80 to 177 mg/l, which indicate relatively soft water Quarries There are no mineral deposits of economic value within the project area. However, there are a number of exploitable quarries: Quarry Number 1.This quarry is located on the north bank of Ma River, 25 km downstream from the project site, within the Hyalo basalt formation. It is 19

20 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project characterised by crystalline particles and solid structures with a limited number of nucleuses. The ground has a halophytic structure with a mineral composition of plagioclase and pyroxene. The cutting layer has a thickness between 4 and 6 m, covering an area of 200,000 m 2. If exploited to a depth of 40 m, this would give approximately 80,000,000 m 3 of material reserve. Quarry Number 2. This quarry is located on the north side of Ma River, 8 km upstream from the project site. This quarry is within the Muong Lat granite complex. The cutting layer has a thickness between 2 and 3 m, covering an area of 200,000 m 2. If exploited to a depth of 40 m, this quarry would also provide 80,000,000 m 3 of material reserve. Sand/Gravel Materials. In addition to the following sand/gravel mines, there is a soil mine adjacent to the Ma River, 10 km from the project site. It has an area of 1,600,000 m 2 with a reserve of about 4,000,000 m 3, taking into account a scraped layer thickness of 0.5 m and a useful cutting deepness of 2.5 m. Additional quarries are summarized below: Sand/gravel mine number 1. Located in Thanh Xuan commune, approximately 45 km downstream of the project site. This mine has a sand module size of The useful cutting layer is between 2.5 and 3.0 m, covering an area of 20,000 m 2. This would provide a reserve of 50,000 m 3, 18% of which would be gravel. Sand/gravel mine number 2. Located in the Hoi Xuan commune, approximately 1 km downstream from the Hoi Xuan Bridge (adjacent to provincial road 15A). The quarry has over 50,000 m 3 of reserve material. The sand module size is 2.16, which meets the basic requirements for concrete construction. Sand/gravel mine number 3. This mine is located within the village of Quan Hoa, adjacent to the Na Sai Bridge and provincial road 15A, 65 km downstream from the TSHPP site. The sand module size is The useful cutting layer has a thickness of 2.5 m, which would provide over 125,000 m 3 of reserve material Soil Erosion There are four main factors affecting soil erosion in the project area: Soil type: In general, stable soils help reduce the amount of erosion caused by surface water and wind. Slope: Steeper slopes result in higher surface flow, which can cause erosion and landslides. Rain: Floods are frequent during the rainy season, causing erosion and landslides, especially on steep slopes. Land cover: Vegetation, such as natural and planted forests, can reduce the amount of soil erosion. 20

21 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project 2. Environmental Impact Assessment of the construction, camp activities Generally, there are many significant impacts (Table 17) which occur during the construction of a hydropower projects. Most of construction activities will impact the water resource and air. Other construction specific impacts of the construction activities such as; the excavation of quarries and borrow pits; creation of worker camps; high demand for work areas and labor force; development of the head race tunnel, power stations, construction of access roads, transmission lines, resettlement sites; alteration to the downstream channel; and finally, those impacts associated also inpact the biophysical, socio-economic and cultural resources within the project area. For hydropower projects in general, the construction phase will arise many negative impacts on the environment and social issues. Because the volume of construction, particularly the earthworks in hydropower projects are usually large, even very large. Trung Son hydropower projects also do not outside these rules According to the overal construction layout, the earthworks of the Trung Son hydropower project is as follows: - Excavation of soil and rock from foundation pits for the main structures: 5,747.89m 3 ; of which blasting volume is ~3,554,000 m 3. - Exploitation ~4,000,000 m 3, mainly by mines; - Transportation within the site: ~10,000,000 m 3, travel every day on 11 roads of 20.21km. Especially on routes CT3A, CT8 and CT9, vehicle density is high especially in rush-time of construction (proposed in final monthsin the 2nd year of construction). - Soil and rock storage: m 3, on area of 2 pens 17 and 18 (See drawing TĐ TC4A.01-1/2 appendix). - Disposal of weathered soil and rock: 7,028,956 m 3, on ha, at 3 disposal areas 19, 20 and 21 (See drawing TĐ TC4A.01-1/2 appendix). 21

22 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Table 17: Construction Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Reservoir Preparation (Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, truck hauling, etc.) Noise creation Dust creation Disturbance to local villagers, livestock and wildlife Decreased air quality for construction workers, local villagers and surrounding environment Noise levels should not affect local households, livestock or wildlife species Dust created must not become a health hazard or nuisance to affected groups Construction activities should be confined to daylight hours; If activities occur outside of daylight hours, inform local villagers; Combine manual and mechenical cleanrance methods. Water work area and associated roads; Minimize traffic in local villages and observe imposed speed limits; L L L L L L L L M M L L Use exposed stockpiles and material as soon as possible; Cover any exposed materials during transportation. Loss of forest cover Loss of productive land Forest removal is confined to designated areas RLDP will allow affected villagers to remove trees that have economic or practical value before construction clearing areas; M M M L M M Avoid excess clearing for project requirements; Vegetation debris shall be either 22

23 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact disposed and/or burned at designated sites; Set landmark for cleanrance are. Loss of potential income No long term impacts to those households dependent on forestry production Financial compensation for loss of forest resources; Resettlement areas shall have suitable productive land for forest production; M M M L L M RLDP will have training programs to diversify incomes. Loss of biodiversity and habitat No loss of listed species, biodiversity and habitat Avoid clearing in restricted and protected areas; L L M L L L Minimize construction activities during sensitive breeding/nesting periods; Environmental awareness and education for Contractor and construction workers; Strengthen/improve activities and capacity for protection force. Forbid forest destruction, hunting of wild animal during land cleanrance 23

24 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Road Traffic Dust Creation Increased road traffic No risk to local population Increased road traffic No risk to local population Increased road traffic No risk to local population Deterioration of roads Integrity of roads shall not be compromised Repair roads, as required, particularly those which are damaged by construction vehicles. L L L L L L Noise and vibration Noise and vibration levels should not affect local households, livestock or wildlife species Road traffic should be confined to daylight hours; If road traffic occurs outside of daylight hours, inform local villagers; L L L L L L Machines should be periodically examined to make sure of technical specifications. Accidents and unplanned events Increased risk to personal health and safety during Minimize risks to local villagers or construction workers personal health Training and orientation of construction workers; L L L L L L 24

25 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact construction activities and safety Supplying protective and emergency equipment and tools; Implement regular inspections for equipment and machinery. Vehicle and equipment maintenance and storage Gas emissions and particulate matter decrease air quality Air quality standards are maintained throughout construction Maintain vehicles in accordance with manufacture specifications; Repair vehicles and equipment, as necessary. L L L L L L Storage and discharge of oils, lubricants and other hazardous materials during operation and maintenance No hazardous materials shall be released into the environment. Provision and maintenance of designated storage and fuelling areas. L L L L L L Domestic waste (garbage, litter, human waste, etc.) Pollution of ecosystems (water, soils, vegetation, etc.) Waste production shall not impact surrounding ecosystems Domestic waste is properly collected and disposed of at approved locations; L L L L L L Implement recycling program where possible. Natural debris (unsalvageable wood, vegetation, etc.) Disruption of ecosystems (water, soil, vegetation, etc.) Waste production shall not disrupt surrounding ecosystems Natural debris shall be either disposed and/or burned at designated sites; L L L L L L 25

26 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Loss or alteration of cultural / archaeological / historical sites Damage or destruction of site contents Minimize damage during excavation activities Follow excavation and salvage plan procedures; Construct new grave sites/cemeteries/holy places in resettlement areas, as required. L L L L H L Damage or destruction of newly discovered sites No site shall be disturbed until properly investigated Discovery of new sites shall follow Chance Find Procedures. L L L L H L Resettlement of communes and villagers as a result of reservoir creation Loss of homes Villagers shall be either resettled or compensated Provision of new homes in designated resettlement areas; Financial compensation provided for self-relocation. L L L L L L Disturbance to family networks, community structure and cultural and ethnic identities Resettled villagers shall reestablish their current way of life in new communes Training and education programs for income diversification; Provision of communication networks and social programs to assist in resettlement transition. H H M M M M Expansion of communes for resettled households Alteration to community culture and ethnic heritage Villagers in affected communes shall maintain current way of life Provision of communication networks and social programs to assist in resettlement transition. H M L M M M Increase demand for No over-exploitation of Education and awareness programs M M M M L M 26

27 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact shared natural resources Increased demand on community & health services natural resources Adequate services shall be provided on natural resource management; Co-management of existing natural resources between communes. Expansion or creation of new medical, education and community facilities and services. L L L L L L Increase disease transmission No increase in disease transmission rates Education and awareness of sanitation practices and disease vectors; L L L L L L Expansion or creation of new sanitation facilities. Disturbance to family networks, community structure and cultural and ethnic identities Existing villagers shall maintain their current way of life Provision of communication networks and social programs to assist in resettlement transition. H H M M M M Dam Site Construction (Clearing, stripping, grading, excavation, blasting, stockpiling, waste disposal, river diversion, transport vehicles, etc.) Noise and vibration creation Disturbance to local households, livestock and wildlife species Noise and vibration levels should not interfere with daily activities Construction activities should occur only during daylight hours; If construction is required outside of working hours, communes and households shall be consulted; Warnings shall be issued prior to blasting activities; Informing workers and neighboring residents the time and location of blasting. L M M H L M 27

28 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Loss of forest cover Refer to above section on Loss of forest cover L L L M M L Soil erosion Increased sedimentation Minimize soil erosion and sedimentation Implement soil erosion and sedimentation control measures at susceptible locations (i.e. Steep slopes, sandy soils, etc.)construction activities shall avoid working in wet conditions. L L L L L L Slope instability Slope integrity shall be maintained throughout construction Installation of rock or stabilization structures; Proper grading practices and water diversion structures. L L L L L L Dust creation Loss of productive topsoil Maintain topsoil stockpiles for future use Refer to Construction Impact Management Plan (in associated EMP). L L L L L L Domestic waste and Natural Debris Borrow pit and quarry creation Removal of subsurface and surface materials Land gradient and drainages are maintained Excavated rock or gravel shall not compromise river bed and banks, impede flows; L L L L L L Confine activities to approved locations; Filling and levelling, recovering the 28

29 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact mining area after completing the exploitation following the regulations stated in the consultant package Recovering the construction area. Dust and debris created during transportation of materials Minimize the creation of dust and debris during transportation Implement protective measures during transportation (i.e.covering loads, reduced travel speeds, etc.); L L L L L L Watering within the scope going through Co Me village and the camping area during transportation. The total length of the road surface needs to be watered over about 2 km; watering at least 2 times a day by road water spraying vehicles. Abandonment of borrow pits and quarries All disturbed areas are properly reclaimed after construction * Re-contour slopes; Ensure proper drainage is maintained; Refer to Reclamation Plan. L L L L L L Discharge of contaminants from tunnel Decreased water quality (total suspended solids, oil, fuel, etc.) and impacts on aquatic life No direct discharge of tunnel water into any watercourse or water body Implement monitoring stations upstream and downstream of the discharge; Discharge should occur during high flow and within close proximity to the outfall; L L L L L L Provide spill kits and have emergency 29

30 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact procedures prepared when dealing with oils, fuels, etc; Train staff for proper handling procedures when dealing with contaminants. In-stream construction activities (installation of coffer dams, river diversion, mach/inery / equipment operating instream, etc.) Decreased water quality (sedimentation, pollution, etc.) and impacts on aquatic ecosystems Minimal disturbance to water quality and aquatic ecosystems Construction activities should occur during low water levels; Maintain river diversion structures throughout construction; Minimize in-stream activities; Construction of culverts to maintain water flow; L L M M L L Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment; Forbid leaving fuel waste to rivers and areas out of regulations; Built fuel effected water drainage system before pouring to environment; Implementation of clean-up activities and restoration of side channels; Implement aquaculture program for loss of fish in reservoir area; 30

31 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Construction Camp Creation (site clearing, camp site construction, labour force and camp followers) Site clearing Construction of new camp buildings Increased demand for building materials Installation requirement for sanitation services Noise and dust creation Natural resources shall not be over-exploited for construction purposes Adequate provision of sanitation and disposal services Use excavation site and reservoir clearing materials to construct bricks or provision of lumber. Provide adequate and compliant sanitation services; Identify discharge points and monitor compliance; no discharge under noncompliant conditions. L M M M L M L L L L L L Domestic waste Construction Job creation Potential exploitation of local workforce as inexpensive labour Equal employment opportunities Standard pay regulations and hiring practices; Provision of local training programs; M L M L L L Change in livelihood and traditional activities Standard of living shall be improved and traditional activities shall be supported Possibility for use of free farmers in the area. Providing services for both local workers and outside construction workers; M L M L L L Provide financial support to maintain traditional activities; Sound implementation of compensation, allowance and 31

32 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Distortion of household and manual labour (agricultural, forestry, etc.) Females/elderly/young shall not be overburdened in maintaining homes resettlement as targeted in approved Master plan for resettlement and rehabilitation prepared by PECC4 in RLDP shall implement financial support programs to assist females/elderly/young in household activities (such as cooking, cleaning, raising children, agricultural activities, etc.) and encourage unemployed males to share household responsibilities. M H M L L M Boom-town effect from rapid population and resource demand increase Regional inflation of local resources due to increased population and resource demands Minimal inflation and management of resources during rapid expansion of communes Encourage outside sourcing of materials, food stuff and water supplies. M M H M M M Increased demand for infrastructure and utilities Increased demand for building materials may cause social conflicts Construction activities shall not exploit existing natural resources Ensure construction camp resources do not conflict with local commune supplies; Increase security around protected and natural areas M M M L L M Increased demand for community services staff (medical, emergency, safety, etc.) Construction workers and local villagers shall receive adequate services Provide trained and educated staff to perform community services; Financial assistance to support services and maintain operations Sound organization of service system M M L L L L 32

33 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Increased demand for potable water (drinking, food preparation, livestock watering, etc.) Construction workers and local villagers shall receive clean, reliable water supplies at site. Ensure construction camp resources do not conflict with local commune supplies; Provide construction camp with water storage facilities; Ensure water reserves and water storage facilities maintain sufficient water levels, especially for the dry seasons. M L M L L L Wastewater production and sanitation services may cause social conflicts. Creating bed view to worker camp area Organic wastes will cause pollution to air environment (bed smell) Construction workers and local villagers shall be provided with proper facilities for waste disposal Construction camps and project affected villages shall be properly equipped with sanitation services in accordance with Vietnamese standards or WB standards; Develop rules, instructions on hygienic environment for staff, workers; Sort waste at collection source in separate containers; M M L M L M Wastes will be discharged into surface flow of Ma river Build a hygiene solid waste burying area; Regular sprinkle with lime powder or spray of deodorize on the dump area surface; Transportation frequency: 1 time/day (can be changed according to reality). 33

34 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact Increased power/fuel demands may cause social conflicts Power/fuel shall be supplied without compromising existing resources or exploiting natural areas (i.e. firewood) Enforce regulations to prevent exploitation of natural resources (firewood); Provide additional fuel supplies to prevent conflict with local villagers; M M M L L M Increase security around protected areas, especially along roads. Health Impacts on Construction Workers/Camps Increased disease transmission rates Camp workers are vaccinated and monitored for diseases Provision of health care services and programs for construction workers and local villagers; M M M L L M Provide construction camp workers with properly trained medical staff and medical supplies Educate and promote awareness on personal hygiene and sexually transmitted disease; Clean/sanitize publicly shared areas (camp kitchens, etc.); Provide mosquito nets for all camp worker sleeping areas; Encourage camp workers to consume cooked food and boiled water; To prevent stagnant water, proper drainage shall be maintained; New clinic at the site with enough drug 34

35 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact in store to be ready for treatment (bout 500 people) in case of disease; Implementing some information disclosure, propagandizing to workers and local resident about transmissible diseases and how to protect and prevent; Organizing regular health inspection to worker once/year; Regularly cleaning, spraying drug in area exposing with possibility of disease sources. Organizing health care staff at the site to furnish first aid in case of simple working accident and first aid to heavy working accident before transporting to higher level; Training first aid activities to health care staff and workers; Suppling first aid set with emergency drug, dressing and other tools to various construciton sites; Sending ambulance permanently at the site; Build a plan or proposal for the higherlevel hospitals in supporting treatment 35

36 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact for the career infected objectors, disease due to environmental pollution from construction activities; To prevent stagnant water, proper drainage shall be maintained. Increased drug use and trade Recreational drug use shall be prohibited Implementation of routine drug test screenings; M M M M L M Increase security, especially on roads and waterways; Drug education and awareness programs for local villagers and construction workers. Health Impacts to local villagers and communes Increased disease transmission rates Minimize the risk of exposure to local villagers Ensure local medical centers are adequately staffed and have amble treatment supplies; M M M L L M Educate and promote awareness on personal hygiene and sexually transmitted disease; Promote monitoring of resettled individuals and those most vulnerable to changes in climate (i.e. Temperature, adverse weather conditions, precipitation, etc; To prevent stagnant water, proper 36

37 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact drainage shall be maintained; Educate individuals on methods to improve personal hygiene; Provision of access to clean and safe water supplies; Provision of household bathroom facilities in new homes; Ensure resettlement areas have educated and trained medical staff; Ensure medical centers have adequate supplies for disease treatment; Loss of cultural, biodiversity and ethnic identities increased pressure on protected area Introduction of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and disease Loss of forest cover Increased trespassroad traffic Noise and vibration causing disturbance to local villagers, livestock and theft Loss of cultural and ethnic customs Loss of self esteem in minority groups and Communities and individual ways of life shall not be permanently affected. Minimize disturbances to the protected area Strengthen protection and management measures for the protected area in the vicinity of the access road; Construction activities should occur during day light hours; Minimize traffic in local villages and around the protected areas; Increased village security; Separate living areas for construction workers; M H M M L M 37

38 Report of contruction and camp management of Trung Sơn hydropower project Impact Significance Impact Agent Issue Impact Mitigation Objective / Standard Project Mitigation Measures Duration Magnitude Geographic Extent Likelihood of Occurrence Reversibility Residual Impact women, youth, and elders, wildlife species. Draw some local youth in, cause bad impacts on communities, indignant to local authority and people Education and awareness programs for local villagers, especially younger generations; Provide financial support for programs and activities to help maintain cultural and ethnic heritage (i.e. cultural festivals, burial ceremonies, etc.); Implement mitigation measures of the RLDP; Educate moral regulation for workers; Carry out public cultural exchange, fraternize with local youth; Access Road Construction (Co-Luong to Co Me road) Loss of biodiversity and increased pressure on protected area Loss of forest cover; Increased road traffic; Noise and vibration disturbing local; villagers, livestock and wildlife species. Minimize disturbances to the protected area Coordinate in monitoring, exchanging information and solving consequencies; Strengthen protection and management measures for the protected area in the vicinity of the access road; Construction activities should occur during day light hours; Minimize traffic in local villages and around the protected areas; L M M L L L 38

39 2.1 Air Air Quality Impact Agent Air quality can be affected through clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development, and transport vehicles. Potential Impact Reservoir and dam site preparation, road development and transport vehicles may affect the air quality in the project area. Dust is a potential impact during construction and operation activities. The dust generated during construction activities may decrease air quality for construction workers, local villagers and the surrounding environment. Additionally, quarry site activities including operation of crushers, concrete batch mixing, blasting and road traffic on unpaved roads combined with idling of vehicles, can generate air born dust (suspended particulate matter) and gaseous emissions such as NO x, SO x and carbon monoxide. The dust generated during road construction activities may also affect the health of the construction workers, and the communities living in the vicinity of the project area. Mitigation Measures To mitigate impacts in the construction area, dust control measures shall be implemented on all unpaved roads and construction surfaces, particularly during dry and windy conditions. Dust watering operations shall occur only during designated hours (to be confirmed by contractor in agreement with villagers). Air quality standards shall be maintained throughout the construction process. Villages close to construction sites shall be notified in advance to help them prepare and/or adapt to the new environment. All unpaved roads and construction sites shall be sprayed with water as needed in order to adequately control dust. The dust generated from stockpiles shall be controlled by compaction and the stockpiles shall not be allowed to expose for extended periods. The main access road (Co Luong to Co Me) to dam site and to the power plants shall be paved and sprayed with water. All trucks carrying construction materials shall be covered and no vehicles shall be left idling. Regular maintenance of vehicles (daily/weekly) shall be performed at designated areas. The traffic on access and service roads shall be regulated in order to minimize air pollution. In addition, all processes shall follow the code of practice during construction and operation phase that meets the requirements of Vietnamese standard (TCVN ). All water abstraction locations for watering shall be identified and volumes of water withdrawn shall be recorded so as not to create conflicts with local communities. The duration and magnitude of the impact is anticipated to be low if appropriate mitigation measures are applied during the construction phase. The geographic extent 39

40 of impact should be moderate as road construction activity is expected to affect construction workers, households and communities living in the vicinity of the area. The likelihood of occurrence should be moderate due to vehicular traffic and construction activities which generate airborne dust and gaseous emissions. The residual impact is anticipated to be low if appropriate mitigation measures are applied during construction. 2.2 Noise and Vibration Impact Agent Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development, and transport vehicles. Potential Impact Reservoir and dam site preparation, road development and transport vehicles may cause disturbance to local households, livestock and wildlife species. During the construction phase, equipment and vehicle operation used for excavation, drilling, leveling and concrete batch mixing are the key sources of noise. These activities may interfere with daily activities of local communities and lead to displacement of wildlife species. The other source of noise and vibration may be caused from the use of explosives for blasting and quarrying and crushing activities. Noise levels from equipment and vehicles in the construction area are estimated to be approximately dba (PECC4, 2008a). The dam site is located in the Trung Son area and the commune (Trung Son) may be affected from construction activities. Also, Xuan Nha natural reserve is about 7 km from the dam site; therefore, wildlife species might be affected from the blasting noise. The noise created during the construction of Co-Luong to Co Me access road may impact worker camps and communes living near the construction site. Mitigation Measures Construction and blasting activities and road traffic shall occur only during daylight hours. If the construction and road traffic is required outside of working hours, communities and households shall be notified and consulted. Blasting shall take place at set times each day, and/or warnings shall be issued prior to blasting. Construction machinery and vehicles shall be maintained in good condition and mufflers shall be installed on all the machines to reduce noise levels. Equipment such as the concrete batch mixing plant shall be located as far as possible from nearby communities. The contractor shall maintain a complaint register to any address noise issues as they arise. 40

41 The duration of impact is anticipated to be low as appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during the construction phase. The magnitude of the impact should be moderate as some of the activities like blasting, drilling, excavation, road development, and transport vehicles, are going to affect local households, livestock and wildlife species. The geographic extent of the impact should be moderate as the noise and vibration could be heard several kilometers from the dam site. The likelihood of occurrence might be high due to the noise from construction activities and road traffic affecting communities and wildlife species. Reversibility should be low as appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during the construction phase. The residual impact has been assessed to be moderate as additional mitigation or compensatory measures will be required, to reduce the level of residual impact to a low, or acceptable level. 2.3 Land Borrow pit and Quarry creation Impact agent Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development, and transport vehicles. Potential Impact Discharges from quarries, borrow pits, concrete plants and dust and debris created during transportation of materials can significantly impact surface and subsurface waters because of the sediment in water and runoff from material storage and handling areas. Also, abandoned borrow pits and quarries might spread vector-born diseases, especially when stagnant water accumulates. Mitigation Measures To mitigate impacts in the construction area, land gradients and drainages shall be maintained for proper discharge of wastes. Excavated rock or gravel shall not compromise river bed or banks, impede flows. Measures shall be taken to confine activities to designated locations and to minimize the creation of dust and debris during transportation. Protective measures shall be implemented during transportation (i.e. covering loads, reduced travel speeds etc.). All disturbed areas shall be properly reclaimed after construction and, slopes shall be re-contoured and proper drainage facilities will be maintained. The duration, magnitude, geographic extent and reversibility of the impact has been assessed as low if appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction activities. The residual impact has also been assessed to be low as impacts are considered negligible subject to application of appropriate mitigation measures during construction activities. 41

42 2.3.2 Tunnel Dewatering and Tunnel Portal Construction Impact agent Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development, and transport vehicles. Potential Impact Discharge of contaminants from tunnel polluting water sources. Mitigation Measures To mitigate impacts in the construction area, direct discharge of tunnel water shall not be allowed into any water course or water body and water will be treated, where feasible, to reduce suspended solids. Measures shall be taken to implement monitoring stations up and downstream to monitor water quality. Discharge shall occur during high flow and within close proximity of the outfall. Spill kits and emergency procedures shall be prepared when dealing with oils and fuels. Staff shall be trained for proper handling of contaminants. The duration, magnitude, geographic extent and reversibility of the impact has been assessed to be low as appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction activities. The residual impact has been assessed to be low as impacts are considered negligible subject to application of appropriate mitigation measures during construction activities Instream Construction Activities Impact agent Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development and transport vehicles. Potential Impact In stream construction activities like installation of coffer dams, river diversion, machinery/equipment, roads and bridges will disturb water quality and aquatic ecosystems and increases sediment load affecting freshwater fishes. Mitigation Measures To mitigate impacts during in-stream impacts, construction shall occur during low water levels and river diversion structures shall be maintained throughout the construction process. Culverts shall be constructed to maintain water flow and in-stream activities will be minimized. Measures shall be taken to maintain vehicles and equipment and roads and bridges shall be stabilized to avoid washing of construction materials in the stream. Clean-up activities and restoration of side channels shall be implemented during construction process. The duration, magnitude and reversibility of the impact have been assessed to be low if appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction activities. The geographic extent and likelihood of occurrence of the impact will be moderate as in- 42

43 stream activities will lead to some limited changes in the aquatic environment. The residual impact has been assessed to be low if impacts are considered negligible subject to application of appropriate mitigation measures during construction activities Other In-stream Activities Impact agent Clearing, grading, excavation, leveling, blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, waste disposal, road development, and transport vehicles. Potential Impact Other in-stream impacts during construction activities include use of explosives to catch fish and other aquatic species and construction of dam which would become an impassable barrier to the migration of fish species. Mitigation Measures Staff shall be trained not to use explosives in the water and measures shall be taken to store explosives in a secure location. Selected streams of the Ma River shall be left unaltered or unaffected to allow connectivity for migration of fish species. Barriers shall be minimized along the streams. A high level protection from other impacts such as mining-related pollution, wastewater pollution and destructive fishing practices shall be implemented. The duration, magnitude and reversibility of the impact have been assessed as low if appropriate mitigation measures are applied prior to construction. The geographic extent and likelihood of occurrence of the impact shall be moderate given the extent of the area and the number of species affected. The residual impact has been assessed as low as impacts are considered negligible subject to application of appropriate mitigation measures during construction activities. 2.4 Worker Camp Impact Agent Construction camp creation (site clearing, camp site construction, labor force and camp followers). Potential Impacts Introduction of approximately 4000 construction workers Division of household labour Transition away from agricultural cultivation and forestry production Increased demand for infrastructure and services from the creation of a boomtown effect Increased levels of disease transmission, prostitution, gambling, drugs, theft and trespass Social changes within ethnic minority groups 43

44 2.4.1 Introduction of Approximately 4000 Construction Workers The creation of the TSHPP will introduce approximately 4,000 construction workers to the project area. The addition of male workers will distort the current demographics in the area. The majority of the project-affected communes have equal amounts of females and males. The influx of males could potentially lead to social conflict between local villagers and construction workers. Construction workers may also bring their families with them to relocate in a nearby village. This would also alter community dynamics and strain limited resources. There will be an increase in demand for improved sanitary facilities and adequate disposal services for construction workers. However, these services will benefit local villagers and people inhabiting adjacent communes when the construction process in completed. Mitigation Measures Measures shall be taken to create temporary and reasonable living conditions for construction workers and camp followers, and to control the scale of impacts by minimizing population influx. The Contractor shall ensure there is no conflict between construction workers and local villagers. A construction camp worker management plan shall be implemented by the contractor. Also, efforts shall be taken to maintain community dynamics and equal sharing of resources. Construction workers shall be provided with adequate and compliant sanitation and disposal facilities. Waste disposal points shall be indentified and monitored i.e. no discharge under non-compliant conditions to maintain the integrity of the local ecosystem. The duration, magnitude, geographic extent, likelihood of occurrence and reversibility will be low if appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction. The residual impact is anticipated to be low if appropriate mitigation measures are applied during construction Division or Transfer of Household Labor The majority of agricultural and household labour (including, household chores and child rearing) are the responsibility of the females of the house. Males are responsible for assisting with the agricultural activities, but generally do not perform household chores. With the prospect of new jobs and income, there may be an increase in female household/agriculture workload (if the male of the household becomes a construction worker) or there may be the transition of household/agricultural chores to the elderly or young (if both the male and female of the household become construction workers). The subsequent division or transition of household labour could lead to: reduced food production; poor education levels in both children and females as they would devote more time working the land; and heightened levels of poverty due to low production levels. Regional inflation will be high due to over dependence on local food, water 44

45 supplies and materials required for daily activities. However, construction employment could also assist household income and help decrease poverty levels within communes. Mitigation Measures The RLDP shall implement support programs to assist females, elderly and/or young in household activities and encourage unemployed males to share household responsibilities. Price monitoring of essential goods shall be maintained since inflation is certain to occur with demand exceeding supply during construction. Efforts shall be taken to encourage outside food sourcing of materials, food stuff and water supplies. The duration of impact will be moderate if local villagers will be impacted throughout the construction process. The magnitude of the impact will be high if females, elderly and/or young have to bear the burden of manual labor, household chores and child rearing resulting in division of labor. Also, increased demand for local resources will result in high inflation during construction. The geographic extent of the impact will be moderate if resettled communes, households, and camps will be located close to the construction site. The likelihood of occurrence and reversibility will be low if appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction. The residual impact has been assessed to be moderate as additional mitigation or compensatory measures will be required, to reduce the level of impact to a low, or acceptable level. Impact analysis and mitigation addressed in Construction Camp Management Plan Increased Demand for Infrastructure and Services from the Creation of Boom Town Effects The construction camp could dramatically affect the existing infrastructure and community services. The dramatic increase in population levels, or boom-town effect, will increase the demand for additional services such as community services and staff (medical, emergency, safety, etc.), markets, education centre, waste water production and sanitation services, power/fuel and potable water (drinking, food preparation, livestock watering etc.). These services may cause social conflicts with local villagers as the demand increases. However, the services will also benefit local villagers and people inhabiting adjacent communes. Mitigation Measures Camp managers shall ensure that camp resources do not conflict with local commune supplies. Security measures shall be strengthened to maintain the integrity of protected areas. Construction camps and communes shall have trained and educated staff to improve community services and financial assistance shall be provided to maintain operations. Efforts shall be taken to ensure the availability of potable water, especially during dry season and regulations shall be enforced to prevent exploitation of natural resources (firewood). Camp managers shall ensure that camps are properly equipped with sanitation services that comply with Vietnamese standards. 45

46 The duration and magnitude of the impact has been assessed to be moderate if construction camp will affect the existing infrastructure and community services due to continuous fluctuations of camp workers and camp followers. The geographic extent of the impact will be moderate if resettled communes, households, and camps will depend on limited resources available in the project area. The likelihood of occurrence and reversibility will be low if appropriate mitigation measures shall be applied during construction. The residual impact has been assessed to be moderate as additional mitigation or compensatory measures will be required, to reduce the level of residual impact to a low, or acceptable level. 3 Environmental management plan (EMP) 3.1 Introduction Background This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHPP) identifies the principles, procedures and methods that will be used to control and minimize the environmental and social impacts of all construction and operational activities associated with project. As part of their ongoing commitment to excellence in environmental and social performance for hydroelectric projects, Electricity of Vietnam (EVN), through the TSHPMB will ensure the following: Fulfill all environmental and social conditions associated with project approvals; Develop, promote and foster a shared sense of responsibility for environmental and social performance of the project; Promote environmental awareness and understanding among employees and contractors through training, identification of roles and responsibilities towards environmental and social management and linking project performance to overall environmental performance; Encourage an understanding of social and cultural sensitivities in local communities and the importance of minimizing project impacts on local lifestyles and culture; Monitor environmental and social performance throughout the project and implement an adaptive management approach to continuous improvement; Work with local communities and project affected stakeholders to ensure that they benefit as a result of project development; and Maintain an ongoing commitment to informing, engaging and involving local stakeholders throughout all phases of the project. 46

47 3.1.2 EMP Structure and Organization This EMP is designed as an overriding document in a hierarchy of control plans, and sets out the overarching framework of environmental management principles that will be applied to the project. The EMP contains guiding environmental principles and procedures for communication, reporting, training, monitoring and plan review to which all EVN and TSHPMB staff, contractors and subcontractors are required to comply with throughout the preconstruction, construction and operation phases of the TSHPP. The EMP should be also be considered as an overall framework document that establishes the terms of reference for all project environmental and social sub-plans that will completed including the following: Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan (construction); Environmental Supervision Plan (construction); Environmental Monitoring Plan (construction and operation); and Social and Health Management Plan (construction and operation). The EMP is structured as follows: An overview of the project description: item 3.2 Key environmental and social risks as identified item 3.3 Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social management: item 3.4 Plan components and Structure item 3.5 Social and Environmental Management item 3.6 A framework for Environmental Supervision item 3.7 A framework for Environmental Monitoring item 3.8 Communication and reporting item 3.9 Capacity Building and Training item 3.10 EMP monitoring and review item 3.11 Preliminary EMP costs. 3.2 Project Overview The Trung Song Hydropower Project (TSHPP) is located in the Quang Hoa district of Thanh Hoa province, North Central Vietnam, approximately 9.5 km from the Laos Border. The TSHPP consists of a dam on the Ma River, a reservoir area of 13.2 km 2 and a 260MW hydropower plant. The TSHPP is a multipurpose project, providing both power generation and flood control benefits. The proposed dam and reservoir will be downstream from Lao PDR and the regulated flow will be entirely within Vietnamese territory. Figure 2-1 is a schematic representation of the proposed TSHPP and its associated project components (construction camp, borrow pits, transmission lines, access road etc.). 47

48 Figure 2-1: Schematic of the TSHPP The dam is classified as a Class II dam under the Vietnamese Classification and a large dam under World Bank OP Key project characteristics are as follows: Basin area km 2 Reservoir volume million m 3 Crest length 513 m Height of dam 84.5 m The TSHPP will be installed with a capacity of 260 MW, generating a total of GWh annually to supply energy to the national grid. The project will also control flooding downstream of the reservoir by using 112 million m 3 of the reservoir s capacity. The TSHPP will provide a non-carbon based energy supply that may assist in reducing GHG emissions. In addition to the dam, other civil works of this project include a 20.4 km access road from Co Luong (Mai Chau, Hoa Binh province) to Co Me (Trung Son, Thanh Hoa province), a 4000 person construction work camp and a number of borrow pits. The project s main environmental issues are related to the upstream and downstream impacts on water quality, hydrology, health, fish and fisheries; the impact of a 4000 person construction work camp over the construction period; the impacts of auxiliary structures including the access road and borrow pits; and indirect impacts on the areas natural resources and biodiversity, including within three adjacent natural reserves. 48

49 An estimated 1,691 households (7.546 people) will be affected by the main project components, most of who are of Thai minority descent and Muong; Muong account for 90% of the total affected (DRCC, 2008a). Of these, the Co Luong to Co Me access road will affect approximately 486 people (Tercier Consultants, 2009). A Resettlement and Livelihood Development Plan (RLDP) consisting of a Resettlement Plan (RP), Community Livelihood Improvement Plan (CLIP) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) will be completed to address project social and community impacts. Total project costs are estimated at $368 million, of which $24.6 million is allocated for compensation and resettlement purposes. 3.3 Social and enrironmental risks The following key environmental risks have been identified for the construction phase of the project. These are identified below in Table 18. Table 18: Summary of Key Environmental Construction Phase Impacts Issue Impact/Risk Construction of the project and associated components Auxiliary Project (Road, Transmission lines, etc.) Introduction of Construction Work Force Health Natural Resources Cultural Property Social Cumulative Effects Noise creation Dust creation Road traffic Accidents and unplanned activities Hazardous and chemical waste storage Solid and liquid waste Borrow pit and quarry creation Noise and vibration creation Dust Increased road traffic Improved access Construction of new building camps Job creation Increased demand for infrastructure and utilities Loss of biodiversity and increased pressure on protected areas (refer to Annex A) Loss of cultural and ethnic identities Increased disease transmission rates Increased drug use and trade Increased demand for health services Loss of forest cover Loss of biodiversity and habitat Loss or alteration of cultural/archeological historical sites Resettlement of affected communes and villagers Loss of ethnic and cultural identities Effects of the project in combination with the affects of other projects and land uses adjacent to the TSHPP to be defined 49

50 3.4 Roles and Responsibilities for EMP Implementation This section describes the organizational structure and responsibilities for implementation of the EMP as shown below in Table 19. Table 19: Responsibility for EMP Implementation Organization EVN Electricity of Vietnam Responsibility Overall responsibility for environmental performance of TSHPP Decision-maker on applicable policies to the TSHPP Overall supervisory role during the construction phase Overall responsibility for EMP implementation during the operating phase Review reports of the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) Responsible for changes to the EMP as part of an adaptive approach to environmental and social management of the TSHPP Responsible for implementation of the Intact Rivers management approach TSHPMB Develop an environmental unit, headed by the Project Environmental Officer to implement EMP responsibilities Oversight, implementation, monitoring and compliance of the EMP, SESIA and any approval conditions, including construction supervision and performance of all TSHPMB staff, contractors and all subcontractors Review of EMP performance and implementation of correction action, or stop work procedures, in the event of breaches of EMP conditions, that may lead to serious impacts on local communities, or affect the reputation of the project Ensuring effective communication and dissemination of the content and requirements of the EMP to contractors and subcontractors Assisting the contractor with implementation of EMP sub-plans Monitoring of EMP and SESIA performance Ensuring compliance to all project social commitments, including implementation of the social management and resettlement plans Report environmental performance of the TSHPP directly to EVN Report on environmental performance also to MONRE, World Bank, independent environmental monitoring consultants and other government regulators as required 50

51 Prepare environmental reports summarizing project activities, as required Representing the project at community meetings Ensuring effective community liaison and fulfilling commitments to facilitate public consultation throughout the project cycle Monitoring of downstream impacts and any reports downstream of decreased fish yields Supervising Engineer Preparation and implementation of the Environmental Supervision Plan during construction Preparation and implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operation Supervision of contractor performance of implementation of the Construction and Work Camp Management Plan Reporting any incidents or non-compliance with the EMP to the TSHPMB Ensuring adequate training and education of all staff involved in environmental supervision Making recommendations to the TSHPMB regarding EMP performance as part of an overall commitment to continuous improvement Construction Contractor Preparation and implementation of the Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan Prepare and maintain records and all required reporting data as stipulated by the EMP, for submission to the Supervising Engineer Ensure that all construction personnel and subcontractors are informed of the intent of the EMP and are made aware of the required measures for environmental and social compliance and performance During construction, maintain traffic safety along access roads, with special emphasis on high trafficked areas Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) Report to EVN and the World Bank on project compliance with environmental and social commitments in the EMP, EIA and other applicable standards Local Authorities Local authorities/community representatives shall be involved in implementing mitigation measure aspects of both the SESIA and EMP, where applicable 51

52 3.5 Plan Components and Structure This part discusses the specific components of each of the various environmental management plans, their structure, objectives, timing, responsibility and costs. o Worker Camp Management Plan o Worker Camp Follower Management Plan o Waste Management Plan o Pollution Prevention Plan EMP Responsibilities Table 20 on the following page describes the responsibilities of various organizations and project stakeholders towards the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan EMP Structure, Organization and Content The tables that follow describe the objectives, content, timing and responsibility for each of the management plans presented in Table

53 Evironmental Management Plan TSHPM B Additional Studies Training and Capacity Building Water Quality Modelling Intact Rivers Cumulative Effects Assessment Socio-Economic Management Plan Physical Cultural Resources Management TSHPM B Construction Management Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan TSHPM B Natural Resources and Biodiversity Management Plan TSHPM B Resettlement Development Development Plan * Chance Find Procedures Procedures Environmental Supervision Plan During Construction Aquatic Biodiversity and Fish Regional Health Plan* Addition Site Excacations Construction Impact Management Plan Support for Protected Area Management Public Consultation Worker Camp & Camp Follower Management Plan Community Forest Management Plan* Waste Management Plan Pollution Prevention Plan * Not included in EMP Vegetation Clearing Salvage Plan 53

54 Organization of the TSHPP EMP 54

55 Table 20: Primary Responsibilities of the TSHPP EMP Plan Construction Impact Management Plan Additional Studies Sub-Plan Worker Camp Management Plan Worker Camp Follower Management Plan Waste Management Plan Pollution Prevention Plan Primary Responsibility for Implementation TSHPMB Engineering Supervisor Contractor IMC Training and Capacity Building Plan Costs Construction Impact Management Plan Objectives: Minimize negative impacts of construction activities on local communities and the natural environment. Description: Preparation of the Construction Impact Management Plan will be responsibility of the construction contractor; a detailed TOR is presented in Annex A. The plan addresses the following elements: Design requirements and environmental protection measures for construction camps; Security and safety; Maintenance of camp facilities; Worker code of conduct; Erosion and sedimentation; Particulate emissions and dust; Noise; Earthworks, cut and fill slopes; Stockpiles and borrow pits; Waste management; Pollution prevention; 55

56 Timing/Schedule: Pre-construction: Design requirements, safety and security, camp maintenance, worker code of conduct, provisions for camp followers Construction: erosion/sedimentation, particulate emissions/dust, noise, earthworks, stockpiles/borrow pits, waste management, pollution prevention Responsibility: Preparation and implementation of the Construction Impact Management Plan will be the responsibility of the Construction Contractor. The environmental management unit of the TSHPMB will prepare bid documents incorporating plan provisions. The Supervising Engineer will oversee implementation of the plan. The Independent Environmental Monitor will review compliance of plan implementation against the plan terms of reference. Environmental Monitoring Plan Objectives: The objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are to a) ensure project components are compliant with all laws and approval conditions b) measure the success of proposed mitigation measures c) continue baseline monitoring and d) facilitate a continual review of post-construction and operation activities. Construction The focus of monitoring during the construction phase will be to implement systematic observations to periodically measure the success of proposed mitigation measures and continue baseline data collection. The majority of construction monitoring shall be done visually and verified by the Construction Supervisor. An Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) will be responsible for carrying out environmental sampling and monitoring on all environmentally related issues regarding the Construction Contractor s activities. Specific aspects to be addressed during construction include: Noise Air quality Water quality and water resources Sedimentation and erosion Protected areas Physical cultural resources 56

57 Access roads Resettlement Reclamation and revegetation Community Relations and Community Safety Plan Objectives: In addition to the RLDP (and its 3 components Resettlement Plan, Community Livelihood Improvement Plan and Ethnic Minorities Development Plan, the contractor will be required to complete a Community Relations and Community Safety Plan. Details of the Community Relations and Community Safety Plan are presented in Appendix E. Description: Community Relations The Contractor shall prepare a Community Relations Plan aimed at the following: To inform the population about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate; To limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures; and To provide adequate notification - at least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, and bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the project site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses. A separate Community Relation Plan for the Project will be prepared by the Contractor, which will include: Means to maintain open communications between the local government and concerned communities; Have a the mailing list to include agencies, organization, and residents that are interest in the project; Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results; Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during project phase; Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses; 57

58 Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner; Provide a grievance mechanism and means for addressing disputes or concerns; and Modify the Community Relation Plan for changes in community needs as necessary to be accurate during different project implementation phases. Community Safety The contractor shall be responsible for addressing community safety concerns concerning the following: Reservoir filling Traffic safety Blasting Worker Code of Conduct The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of a Worker Code of Conduct. This shall be made available to local communities at project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. Timing/Schedule: The Community Relations and Community Safety Plan shall be in place 6 months prior to initiation of construction. 3.6 Environmental and Social Impact Management The environmental and social impacts of the TSHPP were identified in the construction phase of the TSHPP are identified in the EMP. Standard mitigation standards and measures for minimizing the impacts during the construction phase of the TSHPP are shown in Table 21. Table 21: Mitigation Standards/Measures for Minimizing Impacts During construction Activity: General Construction Measures (including Access Road) Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Construction timing Dust creation Construction activities should be timed to avoid unnecessary environmental impact Dust created must not become a health hazard or nuisance to affected groups Construction activities shall avoid adverse weather conditions Water work area and associated roads on an as needed basis. Frequency of watering should be increased in high traffic areas or adjacent to communities Minimize traffic in local villages and observe imposed speed limits Use exposed stockpiles and material as soon as possible 58

59 Vibration disturbance Increased road traffic Storage of hazardous materials (fuels, oils, lubricants, etc.) for construction equipment and vehicles Monitoring Rock & soil disposal area (No17&18); The rock & soil waste disposal area (No19, 20&21 Vibration levels should not affect local households, livestock or wildlife species There shall be no significant risk to local populations from increased levels of construction traffic Integrity of roads shall not be compromised Hazardous material are prohibited to be drained, dumped or used adjacent to watercourses Accidental spills shall be cleaned, reported and monitored Monitoring shall be implemented to ensure stakeholder concerns are recorded and addressed in a timely fashion Water from the disposal area disposing into the river has to ensure limiting the depositing amount of opaquing substance under the standard TCVN (Refer to standard TCVN in the Appendix) Construction activities should be confined to daylight hours If activities occur outside of daylight hours, inform local villagers Blasting should occur at the same time each day Warnings shall be issued prior to blasting activities Contractor shall have overall responsibility for traffic safety during the construction phase, both for workers and communities Contractor shall place emphasis on monitoring high traffic areas to ensure traffic safety Minimize traffic in villages and other populated areas Increase signage and posted speed limits Roads shall be kept free from mud, debris and other obstacles Community traffic awareness plan shall be prepared and implemented Repair roads, as required Road traffic should be confined to daylight hours; otherwise local communities should be notified in advance Daily inventory on all hazardous materials Provide appropriate storage and train staff on handling practices for hazardous materials Material shall be stored at a minimum of 100 m from watercourses All vehicle and equipment servicing shall occur in level ground, designated distance and area away from watercourses Spill kits and emergency procedures should be used Incident and grievances reporting shall be implemented Designing suitable disposal area. Should not let surface water overflow the disposal area. Digging water collection canal leading to depositing hole (water collection trap) before running into Ma river (See the figure attached with the appendix) Making the plan to pour suitably such as: pouring earth and rock with great 59

60 diameter to the edge of the area to create the embankment, before pouring earth and rock with small diameters. Avoiding blowing off earth and rock into Ma river. Monitoring Car park for car repair and wash Monitoring Monitoring shall be implemented to ensure stakeholder concerns are recorded and addressed in a timely fashion Water from car park should be ensured with Vietnamese standard TCVN (Refer to standard TCVN in the Appendix) Monitoring shall be implemented to ensure stakeholder concerns are recorded and addressed in a timely fashion Incident and grievances reporting shall be implemented Collect rubbish, clout with oil & grease to bury and process separately. Build gutters for water, gather water into tanks, filtered with golden sand, stone before disposing into natural water. Do not let polluted water run to soil, water surface and river. (see the design in appendix) Incident and grievances reporting shall be implemented Activity: Excavation and Blasting Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Blasting setback distance Noise disturbance Vibration disturbance Blasting shall not take place within 200m of persons or communities Noise levels should not affect local households, livestock or wildlife species. Vibration levels should not affect local households, livestock or wildlife species Ensure proper notice and warnings are issued prior to blasting Construction activities should be confined to daylight hours If activities occur outside of daylight hours, inform local villagers Blasting should occur at the same time each day Warnings shall be issued prior to blasting activities Blasting shall not be carried out under adverse weather conditions Construction activities should be confined to daylight hours If activities occur outside of daylight hours, inform local villagers Blasting should occur at the same time each day Warnings shall be issued prior to blasting activities Storage of blasting materials Blasting materials should be stored in a safe and secure location and not pose a threat to community safety Blasting materials shall be managed and audited on a weekly basis Activity: Material Stockpiling 60

61 Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Sedimentation into watercourses Dust creation Minimize soil erosion and sedimentation Maintain slope integrity throughout construction Dust created must not become a health hazard or nuisance to affected groups Implement soil erosion and sedimentation control measures, where required Construction activities shall avoid working in adverse weather conditions Re-vegetate, where feasible Installation of rock or stabilization structures Proper grading practices and water diversion structures Compact stockpiles as much as possible Reuse stockpiles as soon as possible Water work area and associated roads, increase frequency of watering when nearby communities Minimize traffic in local villages and observe imposed speed limits Use exposed stockpiles and material as soon as possible Activity: Tunnel Dewatering and Tunnel Portal Construction Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Discharge of contaminants from tunnel No direct discharges of tunnel water into any watercourse or water body Provide water treatment, where feasible, to reduce suspended solids Implement monitoring stations up and downstream of the discharge Any discharges should occur during high flow and within close proximity to the outfall Provide spill kits and have emergency procedures prepared when dealing with oils, fuels, etc. Train staff for properly handling procedures when dealing with contaminants Activity: Concrete Manufacture Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Siting of concrete batch plant Discharge of contaminants from concrete manufacturing during construction Concrete batch plants will not be sited within 500 m of local communities No direct discharges of concrete batching water into any watercourse Provide water treatment, where feasible, to reduce suspended solids Frequency of dust control measures shall be increased adjacent to communities Fencing may also be required for dust control Implement monitoring stations up and downstream of the discharge, especially for ph levels Any discharges should occur during high flow and within close proximity to the outfall Water is to be reused, where possible Train staff for proper handling procedures when dealing with 61

62 dehydrated cement material and wet cement Noise and dust creation Noise and dust creation must not become a nuisance or health hazard to local villagers, livestock and wildlife Separate concrete batching areas from local villages and households Activity: Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Storage of hazardous materials (fuels, oils, lubricants, etc.) for construction equipment and vehicles Hazardous material are prohibited to be drained, dumped or used adjacent to watercourses Accidental spills shall be cleaned, reported and monitored Daily inventory on all hazardous materials Provide appropriate storage and train staff on practices to use hazardous materials Material shall be stored at a minimum of 100 m from watercourses All vehicle and equipment servicing shall occur in level ground, designated distance and area away from watercourses Spill kits and emergency procedures should be used Train staff for proper handling procedures when dealing with hazardous materials Activity: Archaeological and Cultural Site Disturbance Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Discovery of a previously unknown site No sites shall be disturbed until properly investigated Undertake proper archaeological investigations as part of initial impact assessment Discovery of new sites shall follow Chance Find Procedures Activity: Work In and Nearby Rivers Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Decreased water quality (sedimentation, contamination, pollution) from working within and/or near watercourse Changes to hydrological Minimal disturbance to current water quality levels and aquatic ecosystems A suitable by-pass of water flow shall be maintained during in-stream Construction activities should occur during low water levels Maintain river diversion structures throughout construction Minimize in-stream activities Construction of culverts to maintain water flow Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment Implementation of clean-up activities and restoration of side channels Implement coffer dams to divert water flows 62

63 flow construction activities Activity: Community Impacts from Construction Activities Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Disturbance to family networks, community structure and cultural and ethnic identities Health and safety risks from construction activities (traffic, blasting, machinery) Resettled villagers shall re-establish their current way of life in new locations Social conflict issues will be addressed and resolved Local villagers hall not be disadvantaged by the introduction of construction camp workers Minimize any health and safety risks to local communities Local communes and villagers are informed of potential health and safety risks Social conflict issues will be addressed and resolved Provision of new homes in designated resettlement areas Allowance for movement out of the project area during construction to avoid impacts and disturbance. Option should be allowed for even if their land or home is not lost to construction related activities Communication network for discussing issues between local village authorities and the PEO and Contractor Manage incident and grievance reports; formal reporting monthly to TSHPMB Construction worker education and awareness of local ethnic minority groups Construction camps are self-sufficient for resources Increased village security Separate living areas for construction workers Education and awareness programs for local villagers, especially younger generations Support programs and activities to maintain cultural and ethnic heritage Implementation of RLDP Contractor shall assume all responsibility for community safety during the construction phase Refer to above sections on traffic and blasting hazards, noise and dust creation Communities shall be notified in advance of all construction activities that may pose a risk to community safety Activity: Worker Camp Issue Mitigation Objective / Standard Mitigation Measure Increased demand for infrastructure and utilities Construction activities shall not exploit existing natural resources Construction workers and local villagers shall receive clean, reliable water supplies Power/fuel shall be supplied without compromising existing resources or exploiting natural areas (i.e. Ensure construction camp resources do not conflict with local commune supplies Trained and educate staff in EMP/EIA requirements and conditions Ensure construction camp resources do not conflict with local commune supplies Provision of water storage facilities Ensure water reserves are available, especially during dry seasons Camps shall be properly equipped with 63

64 Health impacts associated with a high concentration of people firewood) Camp workers are vaccinated and monitored for diseases All non-compliant and/or illegal activities shall be reported and resolved Social conflict issues will be addressed and resolved sanitation services with one toilet for every 25 workers Enforce regulations to prevent exploitation of natural resources (firewood). Provide additional fuel supplies to prevent conflict with local villagers Increase security around protected areas, especially along roads Provide awareness and training of measures to protect adjacent natural reserve areas Provision of health care services and programs for construction workers and local villagers Provision of trained medical staff and medical supplies Educate and promote awareness on personal hygiene and sexually transmitted disease Clean/sanitize publicly shared areas (camp kitchens, etc.) Implementation of regular drug test screenings Increase security, especially on roads and waterways Drug education and awareness programs for local villagers and construction workers 3.7 Environmental Supervision Framework Environmental supervision is a process to ensure project-related construction activities are completed in compliance with the Government of Vietnam s regulations and mitigation measures as outlined in the SESIA and EMP. With respect to the TSHPP, supervision is required primarily during construction activities Construction Supervision Framework Construction supervision is a daily process whereby a designated individual or group provides oversight to the Contractor and sub-contractors to ensure that environmental commitments identified within the SESIA and EMP are complied with (see also Annex A). Enforcement shall be completed through the Contractor s Terms of Reference for Construction and Camp Management (Annex A) and contractual clauses relating to socio-economic and environmental performance. 64

65 TSHPMB TSHPP Environmental Unit Project Environmental Officer TSHPP Environmental Unit Construction Supervision Team Workplace Safety & Contractor Workplace safety & Environmental Officer Subcontractors Subcontractors Subcontractors Supervision Structure for TSHPP The TSHPMB shall be responsible for ensuring that: Ensuring that EMP/SEIA provisions are incorporated into contractor documents; Adequate resources and personnel are in place to supervise EMP/SESIA performance; Contractor and all sub-contractors comply with EMP/SESIA regulations on a daily basis; Audits or compliance reviews are completed on a scheduled basis and the results provided to either the World Bank or Government of Vietnam; and All monitoring resources are properly implemented and data is adequately recorded for reporting purposes. The Project Environmental Officer (PEO) will represent the TSHPMB for project-related matters and will be responsible for ensuring the SESIA and EMP mitigation measures are employed. They will also lead the TSHPP environmental unit. The Construction Supervision Team (CST) of the TSHPP environmental unit will be responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities. The CST will be equipped with: 65

66 Workplace Safety and Environmental Supervisors (SES) individuals knowledgeable in environmental management, supervision and monitoring within environmental legislative requirements in Vietnam who will provide day to day oversight; and Environmental Engineers individuals who will supervise Contractor s performance Construction Supervision Contractor Responsibility The Contractor (and sub-contractors) shall organize representatives within an Environmental Team (ET), which shall be lead by the Workplace Safety & Environmental Officer (SEO). Collectively, the ET and SEO shall ensure construction activities abide by EMP/SESIA requirements. See table 22 For additional details on roles and responsibilities refer to the Construction Camp Management Plan in Table 22 describes the supervision framework for overseeing environmental and socio-economic parameters for the construction of the TSHPP. Table 22: Construction Supervision Framework Issue Location: Where is the issue? Parameter: What is being overseen? Procedure: How is the issue managed? Forest / vegetation clearing Boundaries of the reservoir Storage and disposal sites Harvesting techniques Debris storage and disposal sites Exploitation of natural resources Daily observations Reporting incidences Involvement of local community in clearing as part of RLDP Noise Construction site Project adjacent communes Amount of noise being created during construction hours and days Frequency of disturbance to local villagers Visual and auditory observations Report forms Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Dust Construction site Access Roads Water withdrawal sites Amount of dust generated during construction activities Exploitation of water resources for spraying Daily observations Incident reporting Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Management of hazardous Hazardous materials Storage facility location, security Inventory checklists 66

67 Issue Location: Where is the issue? Parameter: What is being overseen? Procedure: How is the issue managed? materials (fuels, lubricants, explosives, etc.) storage site and maintenance Reporting incidents or accidents Quarterly reporting to TSHPMB Sewage waste Construction site services Camp site services Quantity and quality of sanitation services provided Misuse of sanitation services Inappropriate disposal of human waste Daily checklists Incident reports Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Potable Water Construction site Misuse of water reserves Daily checklists Camp site Misuse of natural water sources Incident reports Contamination of water resources Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Construction equipment and vehicle maintenance Construction site Vehicle/equipment storage area Access roads Vehicles/equipment operating at standard levels Excess oil, fuel, lubricant leaks and gas emissions Disorderly conduct or misuse of equipment / vehicles Daily checklists Incident reports Quarterly reporting to TSHPMB Worker Code of Conduct and Safety Construction site Camp site Safety, security and orderly conduct of construction workers Accidents and unplanned events Conflict with local villagers Environmental and safety meetings held regularly Incident report forms Quarterly reporting to TSHPMB 3.8. Environmental Monitoring Framework The TSHPP Environmental Monitoring Framework outlines the responsibilities of the TSHPMB and the Contractor to monitor the environmental and social mitigation measures of the TSHPP and to ensure it is constructed and operated in a manner that is compliant with Vietnamese government regulations and SESIA/EMP commitments. 67

68 Monitoring Ojectives The objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Framework are: To ensure project components are conducted in compliance with the Government of Vietnam s laws and regulations and approval conditions of the SESIA; To measure the success of proposed mitigation measures in minimizing and/or reducing potential environmental and socio-economic impacts; To continue baseline monitoring of environmental and social conditions; To facilitate a continual review of post-construction and operation activities based on performance data and consultation feedback; and To implement corrective actions or new adaptive management programs, as required, if proposed mitigation measures are unable to reduce and/or eliminate potential project-related impacts, or meet the predetermined level of performance Monitoring Framework The monitoring framework is intended to provide guidance on the content of the environmental monitoring procedures and shall not replace any Government of Vietnam standards, regulations or laws that are the go-ahead, and monitors shall be ready to be mobilized prior to the onset of mandatory during construction and operation activities. It is also recommended that the TSHPMB consider creating their own internal databases or registries to collect, document and present records as required. Monitoring shall start as soon as the project is given construction activities. Monitoring shall be implemented throughout all project phases and managed by the TSHPMB. The TSHPMB will also be responsible for ensuring that the surrounding environment and social communities are protected throughout the life of the TSHPP Construction Phase Monitoring during the TSHPP construction phase will have two principle phases: Implement systematic observations to periodically measure the success of proposed mitigation measures; and Continue data collection in order to compare baseline environmental conditions with conditions during construction and operation. The majority of construction monitoring shall be done visually and verified by the Construction Supervisor. Checklists shall be conducted to identify potential environmental and social issues early. Proper courses of actions shall be proposed if any proposed mitigation measures are not in compliance with Government of Vietnam regulations or unable to properly reduce and/or eliminate environmental and/or socioeconomic impacts. An Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) will be responsible for carrying out environmental sampling and monitoring on all environmentally related 68

69 issues regarding the Construction Contractor s activities. The IEMC will review, verify and validate the performance of environmental mitigation measures and identify those issues that require additional review and management adjustments. Individuals required for water quality and any other environmental testing shall be trained according to the TSHPP staffing and equipment plan. Monthly reports shall be issued to the TSHPMB and where required, the World Bank, to summarize construction activities, document those that require amendment and to identify whether or not remedial actions are needed. Table 23 the monitoring activities to carry out during the Construction Phase. Table 23: Construction Monitoring Plan Framework Issue Responsibility: Who will monitor? Duration: When is monitoring done? Parameter: What is being tracked? Location: Where does monitoring occur? Procedure: How is the issued or recorded? Noise IEMC/TSHMP Daily observations Frequency of disturbance to local villagers Requirement for sound barrier installation Construction site Adjacent communes Auditory or with portable noise monitoring equipment Reporting forms Monthly reporting Air quality IEMC/TSHMP Monthly tests Amount of dust generated Requirement for spraying roads, site to control dust and water supply Construction site Access roads Water withdrawal sites Visual Reporting forms Monthly reporting Water quality IEMC/TSHMP Weekly testing Water quality standards in construction and camp sites (BOD, ph, COD, TSS, dissolved oxygen, temperature, coliforms, etc.) Water reserves and resources Sewage disposal sites (outfalls, etc.) Water sampling Laboratory testing Monthly reporting Water resources IEMC/TSHMP Weekly testing Amount of water available for construction site, Water reserves and Monthly reporting 69

70 Issue Responsibility: Who will monitor? Duration: When is monitoring done? Parameter: What is being tracked? Location: Where does monitoring occur? Procedure: How is the issued or recorded? camp site and resettlement communes resources Construction and camp sites Consultation with projectaffected communes Projectaffected communes Sedimentation and erosion IEMC/TSHMP Daily, as required Amount of erosion and sediments being released, particularly into water resources Construction site Borrow pit sites Cleared areas Visual observations Daily environmental checklists Monthly reporting Auxiliary project components (roads, transmission lines, etc.) Contractor Road traffic and associated issues (noise, dust, displacement of people, etc.) Access roads Transmission line areas Visual Refer to other sections for additional information (ie. Noise, Dust, etc.) 3.9 Communication and Reporting The following section describes the communication and reporting mechanisms to be implemented as part of the EMP Communication Process Table 24 describes the lines of communication for construction workers, local villagers, employees and other project-related individuals with respect to filing grievances or incidences throughout the construction and operation of the TSHPP. 70

71 Table 24: Communication Pathway Stakeholder Potential Interest / Concern Means of Contact Key Contact Potential employees Employment opportunities Adequate resources (food, water, etc.) and shelter Competitive wages Recruitment of locals at the project site and through word of mouth Issues shall be conveyed to site foremen Contractor Government stakeholders Chronic environmental and socio-economic impacts Monitoring Committee TSHPMB Construction workers and camp sites Workers code of conduct Social conflicts between local villagers and workers Behaviour issues (gambling, drugs, etc.) Weekly meetings with construction workers Individual meeting with disorderly workers Contractor Environmental issues (exploitation of natural resources, etc.) Reporting Reports shall be produced through the course of implementaiton of monitoring programs, collecting incident/grievances forms, consulting with local villages and project-affected communes and auditing performance of existing programs/mitigation measures within the SESIA and EMP. Table 25: External Reporting Schedule describes the types of reports that shall be produced. Table 25: External Reporting Schedule Responsibility Type of Report Purpose of Reporting Frequency of Submission Submit to: Contractor & Workplace Safety and Environmental Officer Accidents/Incident Report Non-compliance Report Filing/notification of accidents or unplanned events Detail the cause, nature and effect of any environmental and/or socioeconomic noncompliant act performed Within 24 hours of the incident Within one week of the event TSHPMB/CST TSHPMB/CST Chance Discovery Report Documentation and registry of newly discovered artifacts Within 24 of archaeological site, old human remains or artifact TSHPMB/CST Government Ministry Monthly Report to the Report of CST 71

72 Responsibility Type of Report Purpose of Reporting Frequency of Submission Submit to: Compliance Report Construction Supervision Team compliance and non-compliance measures on a monthly basis Construction Supervision Team Daily Compliance Checklist Checklist of environmental and social compliance of construction Daily Internal Monthly Compliance Report Monthly report of compliance within 10 days of receipt of report from Contractor Monthly TSHPMB Project Environmental Officer & Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant EMP updates, including any changes in management or monitoring procedures Key changes in project activities that may trigger Environmental Approvals For approval prior to implementation Ensure compliance with environmental regulatory approvals As required, prior to implementation As required, prior to implementation TSHPMB TSHPMB Environmental monitoring reports Notification of noncompliance with standard environmental guidelines and parameters Dependent on environmental parameter: weekly, monthly, quarterly or annually TSHPMB Social Safeguard Team of Project Management Board Resettlement Development Plan, Livelihood Development Plan and Ethnic Minority Development Plan Ensure resettled/displaced households transition successfully into resettled sites On-going TSHMP, EVN, World Bank The TSHPMB should provide the World Bank with report updates. Frequency of reporting to the World Bank will vary depending on the nature of the non-compliance and monitoring schedule Capacity Building and Training All those responsible for the management, implementation and operation of any aspect of the EMP shall be adequately trained for their role. Training records shall be 72

73 maintained on site, for each employee, to provide evidence for auditing/inspection purposes. The following training shall be considered for each organization Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board The TSHPMB shall establish an environmental management unit to oversee the preparation, implementation and oversight of the EMP and its associated sub plans. The environmental unit shall be provided with enough technical and financial resources to complete this oversight role; external resources or contractors may be required. Specific training to the environmental unit should be provided as follows: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Environmental audits; Social impact assessment and public consultation; and Fundamentals of aquatic ecology and environmental flows associated with construction and operation of hydroelectric projects (including trained expertise in water quality testing and analysis) Supervising Engineer The supervising engineer shall have environmental staff trained to ensure contractor compliance with EMP requirements. Alternately, the Supervising Engineer can subcontract this responsibility to adequately trained personnel. Training records, including attendance and specific course, shall be maintained for inspection by the TSHPMB. Specific training to the environmental unit should be provided as follows: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Fundamentals of aquatic ecology and environmental flows; Construction camp management; and Auditing and follow-up Construction Contractor The construction contractor shall have environmental staff trained to ensure contractor and all subcontractor compliance with EMP requirements. The construction contractor shall maintain training records, including attendance and specific course, for inspection by the TSHPMB. Specific training to the construction contractor environmental unit should be provided as follows: 73

74 Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Construction camp management; Community relations and public consultation procedures; and Auditing and follow-up Independent Environmental Monitor The independent environmental monitor shall be trained in the oversight and compliance assessment of large infrastructure projects, including the preparation of compliance reports and environmental sampling procedures, including the following: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Construction camp management; Community relations and public consultation procedures; and Auditing and follow-up EMP Monitoring and Review The environmental unit of the TSHPMB shall periodically review, monitor and audit the effectiveness of the EMP, including all sub-plans. The audit program should adequately cover the scope, audit frequency and methods that are typically required for large infrastructure projects. The frequency of audits should reflect the intensity of activities (typically more common during construction), severity of environmental and social impacts and non-compliances raised in prior audits Review of the EMP The environmental unit of the TSHPMB shall review the EMP to assess its effectiveness and relevance as follows: A full review shall be undertaken annually; Following a reportable incident, or a significant non-compliance; and 74

75 Following an addition, up-date or change order to the EMP, or a sub-plan. The review of the EMP should consider the following: Adequacy of data collection, analysis and review; Reporting; Non-compliances and corrective actions implemented; and The EMP should be reviewed on an annual basis. The EMP will be reviewed periodically to evaluate environmental controls and procedures to make sure they are still applicable to the activities being carried out. Reviews will be undertaken by the TSHPP Environmental Unit as follows: The full EMP shall be reviewed at least annually; Relevant parts of the EMP shall be reviewed following a reportable incident; Relevant parts of the EMP shall be reviewed following the receipt of an updated sub-plan; and At the request of stakeholders, including MONRE, Contractor, Supervising Engineer, World Bank or the host communities. The review shall include analysis of the data collection and analysis of data, monitoring reports, incident reports, complaints/grievances and feedback from stakeholders, MONRE reports, consultation meeting minutes and t aining records to evaluate the effectiveness of EMP procedures. Site visits, interviews and other auditing methods may also be used. Updates to the plan shall follow the procedure in Section Control and Update of the EMP This document will be issued as a controlled document all relevant staff and organizations. The procedure to be followed to control the issue of the documents, provide a review of its effectiveness and provide updates will be as follows: Issued copies by the Environmental Unit of TSHPMB shall be numbered; The Environmental Unit shall initiate a review of any relevant sections following modification to the EMP Environmental Approval, issue of a new approval, receipt of written requirements by MONRE/DONRE, or a change to internal procedures based on corrective actions or improvements in methodologies or analytical procedures Additional stydies A number of additional studies are proposed for completion and associated with implementation of this EMP. Table 26 presents a list of issues that require additional clarification and information in the construction and operation phase. 75

76 Table 26: Construction Phase Issues That Require Additional Clarification Impact Agent Impact Additional information/details Dam Construction Clearing Loss of productive land Loss or damage to physical cultural resources Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Plan Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan River diversion Increased sedimentation Construction Impact Management Plan Decreased water quality (sedimentation, pollution, etc.) and impacts on aquatic ecosystems Construction Impact Management Plan Stripping and grading Loss of productive topsoil Construction Impact Management Plan Transport vehicles Dust and debris created during transportation of materials Construction Impact Management Plan Excavation Abandonment of borrow pits and quarries Reclamation in Construction Impact Management Plan Construction Camp Creation Camp site construction Increased demand for building materials Construction Impact Management Plan Labor force Change in livelihood and traditional activities Construction Impact Management Plan Camp workers and followers Distortion of household and manual labour (agricultural, forestry, etc.) Increased demand for community services staff (medical, emergency, safety, etc.) Increased disease transmission rates Construction Impact Management Plan Worker and Regional Health Management Plan Worker and Regional Health Management Plan Truck Hauling Increased road traffic Traffic Management Plan Storage and discharge of oils, lubricants and other hazardous materials during operation and maintenance Implementation Plan and Schedule Implementation Hazardous Material Management Plan The TSHPMB shall assume overall responsibility for the implementation of the EMP as descrybed including the following activities: Oversight of Contractor EMP requirements Preparation of management plans Formation of an environmental unit Training 76

77 TSHPMB should prepare an implementation plan for the EMP considering the requirements identified in Table Schedule The proposed schedule for the EMP is shown in Table 27 Table 27: EMP Implementation Plan Implementation Item Description By When Formation of an Environmental Unit Prepare Bid Specifications for Construction Contractor Oversight of Management Plans Preparation of Management Plans An Environmental Unit shall be formed to implement the EMP consisting of a Project Environmental Officer and required staff for: Construction supervision Environmental monitoring To prepare environmental and social requirements for the Construction Contractor To oversee the Construction Contractor in the preparation of the following management plans: Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Plan Socio-economic Management Plan To prepare the following management plans (see Section 2) Environmental Monitoring Plan Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan Regional Health Management Plan Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan March 2010 June 2010 September 2010 June 2010 Training Develop a training plan outlining training requirements, topics, and areas of capacity building Identify courses/seminars Identify staff requiring training Implement training plan June EMP Costs Estimated costs (for construction and camp management only) are presented below in Table 28. Table 28: EMP Costs (for construction and camp management only) No Cost item Annual cost Construction stage(vnd) Responsibility 1 Construction of hygenic waste disposal area 1,000,000,000 Project 2 Installation of 12 garbage cans at camp sites (PMU site, contractor site: 2 cans; workers camps: 10 cans) of 1,100 litters; 6,000,000 VND/can; replacement of cans annually (sample of garbage can is presented in the annex). 72,000, ,000,000 Project 77

78 No Cost item Annual cost 3 Construction of 30 hygenic toilets (PMU site: 5 toilets; workers camps: 25 toilets): 3,000,000 VND/toilet Construction stage(vnd) Responsibility 90,000,000 Project 4 Embankment and water trap at disposal area no 17 20,000,000 Contractor 5 Embankment and water trap at disposal area no 18 20,000,000 Contractor 6 Shield fence at disposal area No.18 10,000,000 Contractor 7 Embankment and water trap at disposal area no 19 20,000,000 Contractor 8 Embankment and water trap at disposal area no 20 20,000,000 Contractor 9 Embankment and water trap at disposal area No. 21 of quary 3a 20,000,000 Contractor 10 Water trap and system at crushing area 15,000,000 Contractor 11 Anti-dust waterign system for crushing area by spray system and fan 80,000,000 Contractor 12 Water trap and system at concreting area 15,000,000 Contractor 13 Anti-dust waterign system for concreting area by spray system and fan 80,000,000 Contractor 14 Construction of collecting and treatment system for water mixed with oil at car mainternance area 150,000,000 Contractor Watering to prevent dust: 15 2 cars/day, in continuous 6 months in dry seasons of 2 peak years; cost: 1,500,000VND/day.car; 549,000,000 1,098,000,000 Contractor 16 Clean of waste soil and rock, watste material: 3 persons in 2 years; 5,000,000VND/man.month; 180,000, ,000,000 Contractor 17 Inspector for obeyance of traffic regulation at site : 1 person in 60 months; 10,000,000VND/ manmonth; 120,000, ,000,000 Project 18 Propaganda on forest protection; Print documents, posters, propaganda: 10,000,000VND/year in 5 years 10,000,000 50,000,000 Project 19 Inspector for obeyance of traffic regulation at site : 1 person in 60 months; 10,000,000VND/ manmonth; 120,000, ,000,000 Project Propaganda on environment sanitary; Print documents, posters, propaganda: 10,000,000VND/year in 5 years Mornitoring of implementation of environment mitigation measures: 2 engineers in 5 years; 10,000,000VND/ manmonth 10,000,000 50,000,000 Project 240,000,000 1,200,000,000 Project 78

79 No Cost item Annual cost Construction of entertainment, cultural, sport areas (for football, voleyball, badminton...) Organization of cultural, sport exchange : 50,000,000VND/year in 5 years Coordination with local authority in management of construction and camp: 20,000,000VND/year in 5 years Propaganda on prevention of social evils: drug, prostitution Prevention of malaria, spare medicine; provision of chemicalized nets: 100,000,000VND/year in 5 years Construction and equipments for site clinic station (building, beds, equipments, ambulance cars) Annual health check for workers: 100,000,000VND/year in 5 years Prevention, mitigation, willing test of HIV: 20,000,000VND/year in 5 years Training for forest protection force: 01 time/year in 5 years Training on first-aid for traffic and on-work accidents for site workers: 01 time/year in 5 years Training on fire protection and treatment : 01 time/year in 5 years Prevention and treatment of flood, storm, incidents during construction period (estimate) Construction stage(vnd) Responsibility 1,000,000,000 Project 50,000, ,000,000 Project 20,000, ,000,000 Project 10,000,000 50,000,000 Project 100,000, ,000,000 Project 1,000,000,000 Project 100,000, ,000,000 Contractor 20,000, ,000,000 Project 10,000,000 50,000,000 Project 20,000, ,000,000 Contractor 20,000, ,000,000 Project 50,000, ,000,000 Project Total cost 9,858,000,000 Cost born by contractors 2,508,000,000 Cost born by Project Owner 7,350,000,000 79

80 Annexes

81 Annex 1: Bid Specifications: Construction and Worker Camp Management 1-1: Construction Camp Management Plan To help address potential negative impacts on local communities through the introduction of a 4000-person construction work force, the Construction Contractor (Contractor) shall implement a series of activities related to the construction workforce and camps as follows. Workforce and Camps General Requirements The Contractor shall, wherever possible, locally recruit the available workforce and shall provide appropriate training as necessary. The Contractor shall consider all aspects of workforce management and address potential ethnic tensions between workers and the local communities, increased risk of prostitution and communicable diseases, theft, drug and alcohol abuse, market distortion due to temporary inputs to local economy and other local tensions such as unemployment, ethnicity and divergent cultural values. The following general measures shall be considered for construction camps: 1. The construction camp site will have to be approved by the local authority 2. The Contractor shall present the design of the camps including details of all buildings, facilities and services for approval no later than two months prior to commencement of any construction work. Approvals and permits shall be obtained in accordance with applicable laws, applicable standards and environmental requirements for the building and infrastructure work for each camp area. 3. The Contractor shall provide adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils for the use of contract labor employed therein. 4. Camp site selection and access roads shall be located so as to avoid clearing of major trees and vegetation as feasible, and to avoid aquatic habitats. 5. Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage and landscaped so as to avoid erosion. 6. The Contractor shall provide suitable, safe and comfortable accommodation for the workforce. 7. The Contractor shall provide adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) for the number of workers expected on site, plus visitors. Toilet facilities should also be provided with adequate supplies of clean or potable water, soap, and toilet paper. Separate and adequate bathing facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. Such facilities shall be 1

82 conveniently accessible and shall be kept in clean and hygienic conditions at all times. 8. The Contractor shall implement effective sediment and erosion control measures during construction and operation of the construction work camps in accordance with the environmental requirements as stipulated by the EMP and SESIA, especially near rivers 9. The Contractor shall provide recreational facilities to the workforce. Such facilities will help mitigate against potential conflict and impact on the local population as the incentive to go outside the camp will be reduced. 10. The Contractor shall provide safe potable water for food preparation, drinking and bathing. 11. The Contractor shall install and maintain a temporary septic tank system for any residential labor camp, without causing pollution of nearby watercourses. Wastewater should not be disposed into any water bodies without treatment, in accordance to applicable Vietnamese standards. 12. The Contractor shall establish a method and system for temporary storage and disposal or recycling of all solid wastes generated by the labor camp and/or base camp. 13. The Contractor shall not allow the use of fuel wood for cooking or heating in any labor camp or base camp and provide alternate facilities using other fuels. 14. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, and workshops are located in appropriate areas as approved by the appropriate TSHPMB environmental officer or the Supervisory Engineer; 15. The Contractor shall ensure that storage areas for diesel fuel and lubricants are not located within 100 meters of watercourses, and are operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during periods of rain. A ditch shall be constructed around the area with an approved settling pond/oil trap at the outlet. 16. Areas for the storage of fuel or lubricants and for a maintenance workshop shall be fenced and have a compacted/impervious floor to prevent the escape of accidental spillage of fuel and or lubricants from the site. Surface water drainage from fenced areas shall be discharged through purpose designed and constructed oil traps. Empty fuel or oil drums may not be stored on site. Waste lubricants shall be recycled, and not disposed to land or adjacent water bodies. 17. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, and workshops are located in appropriate areas as agreed by local authorities and approved by the TSHPMB or supervisory engineer. They shall not be located within 200 meters of existing residential settlements. 2

83 18. Concrete batching plants shall not be located within 500 m of any residence, community or work place. 19. The Contractor shall provide medical and first aid facilities at each camp area; and 20. All medical related waste shall be disposed off in proper containers, or dealt with accordingly with established procedures for safe disposal. Security Security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. As a minimum, these security measures should include: 1. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes. 2. Prior approval from the construction camp manager shall be required for visitor access to the construction camp. 3. Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided 4. A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height shall be constructed from appropriate materials; and 5. Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fire extinguishers. Maintenance of Camp Facilities The following measures shall be implemented to ensure that the construction camp and its facilities will be organized and maintained to acceptable and appropriate standards: 1. A designated camp cafeteria shall be established under strict sanitary and hygiene conditions; 2. Designated meal times shall be established; 3. Cooking or preparation of food shall be prohibited in accommodation quarters; 4. Designated rest times shall be established; 5. Designated recreational hours shall be put in place; 6. Smoking shall be prohibited in the workplace; 7. rocedures shall be implemented to maintain the condition of the construction camp and facilities and ensure adequate cleanliness and hygiene; 8. The latrines and urinals shall be adequately lighted and shall be maintained in a clean sanitary condition at all times; 9. Water shall be provided in or near the latrines and urinals by storage in drums; and 10. A complaint register to receive and respond to complaints from the construction camp residents regarding facilities and services provided. Code of Conduct 3

84 A major concern during a construction of a project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, drug and alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of The Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): 1. All workers and subcontractors shall abide by the laws and regulations of Vietnam. 2. Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited. 3. Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited. 4. Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited. 5. Workers shall not be allowed to hunt, fish or trade in wild animals. 6. No consumption of bush meat shall be allowed in camp. 7. No pets shall be allowed in camp. 8. Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited. 9. Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited. 10. Smoking shall be prohibited in the workplace. 11. Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene shall be in effect. 12. Maintenance of appropriate hygiene standards in accommodation quarters shall be set in place. 13. Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and 14. Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. 1-2 Construction Impact Management Plan In order to reduce the impact of the construction activities on local communities and the environment, the Construction Contractor shall implement the following Sub-Plans in accordance with the following stipulations: Erosion and Sedimentation In a mountainous region, such as the Trung Son area, the project must include measures to reduce or halt erosion and landslide problems. This might include the installation of erosion control structures, protective re-vegetation and reforestation, slope stabilization, etc. 4

85 Site activities shall be carefully managed in order to avoid site erosion and sedimentation of downstream waterways. In order to minimize negative erosion impacts in the project area, the following activities shall be carried out by the Contractor: 1. Erosion and sedimentation shall be controlled during the construction. Areas of the site not disturbed by construction activities shall be maintained in their existing state. 2. Disturb as little ground area as possible, stabilize these areas as soon as possible, control drainage through the area, and trap sediment onsite. Install erosion control barriers around perimeter of cuts, disposal pits, and roadways. 3. Slope works and earth moving/excavation shall be conducted in order to minimize exposure of the soil surface both in terms of area and duration. Temporary soil erosion control and slope protection works shall be carried out in sequence to construction. 4. Conserve topsoil with its leaf litter and organic matter, and reapply this material to local disturbed areas to promote the growth of local native vegetation. 5. Apply local, native grass seed and mulch to barren erosive soil areas or closed construction surfaces. 6. Apply erosion control measures before the rainy season begins, preferably immediately following construction. Install erosion control measures as each construction site is completed. 7. In all construction sites, install sediment control structures where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap sediment until vegetation is re-established. Sediment control structures include windrows of slash, rock berms, sediment catchment basins, straw bales, brush fences, and silt fences. 8. Control water flow through construction sites or disturbed areas with ditches, berms, check structures, live grass barriers, and rock. 9. The ground surface at the construction site offices shall be concreted or asphalted in order to minimize soil erosion. 10. Erosion control measures shall be maintained until vegetation is successfully re-established. 11. Water shall be sprayed as needed on dirt roads, cuts, fill material and stockpiled soil to reduce wind-induced erosion and dust, and 12. Larger changes in the landscape from quarries, tunnel spoil tips, etc. should be landscaped and replanted, both to reduce erosion problems and to reduce the visual impact of construction. Particulate Emissions and Dust The Contractor shall propose methods and actions to control dust resulting from construction related activities, including quarry sites, crushing and concrete batching 5

86 plants, earthworks including road construction, embankment and channel construction, haulage of materials and construction work camps. In particular the Contractor shall undertake the following: 1. Minimize production of dust and particulate materials at all times, to avoid impacts on surrounding communities, and especially to vulnerable people (children, elderly people). 2. Time removal of vegetation to prevent large areas from becoming exposed to wind. 3. Place screens around construction areas to minimize dust proliferation, paying particular attention to areas close to local communities. 4. Spray water as needed on dirt roads, cut areas and soil stockpiles or fill material. Spraying shall be carried out in dry and windy days, at least twice a day (morning and afternoon). The frequency of spraying near local communities shall be increased as needed. 5. Pave access roads with gravel in the sections which near the communities and other sensitive receptors to reduce generation of air-borne dust. 6. Provide an adequate ventilation system and other measures to control concentration of air pollutants within tunnels. 7. Transportation of materials by vehicles and construction of access roads shall be properly designed. For example, the access road can be constructed and paved by concrete/asphalt, or laid with small graded rocks, prior to major earthworks which may require transportation of substantial amount of materials on-site and off-site. 8. Ensure adequate maintenance of all vehicles. Construction plant/vehicles that generate serious air pollution and those which are poorly maintained shall not be allowed on site. 9. Transport of chemicals or materials such as cement, sand and lime shall be covered entirely with clean impervious material to ensure that these materials shall be contained. Overflow of material shall be avoided; and 10. The exhaust gases from construction machinery and vehicles are accepted. However, the engines shall be inspected and adjusted as required to minimize pollution levels. Noise To minimize noise the Contractor shall: 1. Maintain all construction-related traffic on project access roads at established speed limits. 2. Maintain all on-site vehicle speeds at or below 30 kph, or otherwise designated. 6

87 3. To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and equipment at or below 90 db. 4. In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, rest homes, schools, etc.) more strict noise abatement measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels. 5. Apply proper measures to minimize disruptions from vibration or noise coming from construction activities. 6. Design a transportation schedule for entry of construction materials to minimize the adverse impact on residents, as well as the traffic on the existing roads. The transportation vehicles shall be required to slow down and banned from using horns when passing sensitive areas. Transportation during peak hours should be minimized.. The Contractor shall provide the transportation route in advance to the Engineering Supervisor. 7. Maintain the construction equipment in its best operating conditions and lowest noise levels possible. 8. Use temporary noise barriers to minimize the noise caused by construction equipment; 9. Provide hearing protection to workers who must work with highly noisy machines such as piling, explosion, mixing, etc., for noise control and workers protection. 10. Areas for the storage of fuel or lubricants fenced and have a compacted/impervious floor or other surface to prevent the escape of accidental spillage of fuel and/or lubricants from the site. Surface water drainage from fenced areas shall be discharged through an oil skimmer or other appropriate device to remove hydrocarbons. Empty fuel or oil drums may not be stored on site. Proper MSDS labeling shall be in place and training provided to workers handling these materials. 11. The construction supervision team shall be equipped with portable noise detection devices to monitor the noise level at the sensitive receptors. 12. Materials leaving the construction site shall be transported during non-peak hours in order to minimize traffic noise due to the increase in traffic volumes. 13. Use of properly designed silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels and acoustic sheds or shields, etc. shall be made. Mufflers and other noise control devices shall be repaired or replaced if defective. 14. Use of electric-powered equipment when applicable instead of diesel-powered or pneumatic-powered equipment. 15. Equipment known to emit strong noise intensity in one direction, shall when possible, be oriented to direct noise away from nearby sensitive receptors. 7

88 16. Machines and equipment that may be in intermittent use shall be shut down between work periods or throttled down to a minimum operation. Nighttime Construction Noise Mitigation Although in general, nighttime construction shall be banned near sensitive receptors, some construction may still occur for technical and other reasons (e.g., bridge piles required and continued around clock concrete pouring). Because nighttime construction, if occurring near local communities, will result in significant impacts to residents and other sensitive receptors, the following special measures shall be taken during the construction phase: 1. People living within potentially impacted areas shall be notified ahead of time of the length and noise intensity of the proposed nighttime construction. Residents shall be informed as to why night construction is necessary and they shall be provided with the mitigation measures that are going to be implemented to obtain their understanding. These residents shall be allowed to express their concerns, difficulties, and suggestions for noise control prior to the commencement of night time construction. These concerns shall be addressed and suggestions adopted where appropriate; 2. Concrete batching plants, generators and other stationary equipment shall be carefully placed as far away from local communities to reduce noise impacts from these machines. Where possible, municipal power supply shall be used for nighttime construction as diesel generators are extremely noisy and avoiding their use is the best mitigation possible. 3. Equipment with lower noise levels shall be used for concrete pouring operations, which may require 24 hour non-stop operation. 4. Temporary noise barriers shall be installed at the appropriate locations to avoid nighttime noise impacts, and 5. Notification boards shall be posted at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have a channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. Blasting 1. The contractor shall warn local communities and/or residents that could be disturbed by noise generating activities such as blasting well in advance and shall keep such activities to a minimum; 2. In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, rest homes, schools, etc.) more strict measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels; 8

89 3. Blasting shall not be carried out within 200 m of residences or local communities; 4. Blasting shall not be carried out under adverse weather conditions; 5. Prior to a blasting event, water shall be sprayed on the surface of the blast area to increase its moisture content. Wire mesh gunny sacks and sandbags shall be used on top of the blast area at each shot to prevent flying rocks and dust; 6. Before blasting is carried out, a detailed survey shall be conducted at nearby communities to evaluate the degree of impacts due to the blasting activity (e.g. possible damage to structures or infrastructure due to vibration, effects on animals, local residents, etc.); 7. No blasting shall be allowed during nighttime unless prior approval is obtained from the government authority and the PEO. 8. All persons shall be at least 200m away from the blasting point; 9. Except for blasting equipment all electricity shall be turned off within 50m of the blasting location prior to and during the blast; and 10. The quantity of blasting materials shall be managed in a secure manner and audited weekly. Earthworks, Cut and Fill Slopes The contractor shall ensure that the following procedures are undertaken: 1. All earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. 2. The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the works. 3. The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. 4. In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. 5. Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the Supervisory Engineer, and 6. Disposal sites should not be located where they can cause future slides, interfere with agricultural land or any other properties, or cause runoff from the landfill towards any watercourse. Drains may need to be dug within and around the landfills, as directed by the Supervisory Engineer. Stockpiles and Borrow Pits 9

90 The Contractor shall prepare and overall Stockpiles and Borrow Pits Management Plan for the total works. Operation of a new borrowing area, on land, in a river, or in an existing area, shall be subject to prior approval of the Environmental Supervisor, and the operation shall cease if so instructed by the Supervisory Engineer. Borrow pits shall be prohibited where they might interfere with the natural or designed drainage patterns. River locations shall be prohibited if they might undermine or damage riverbanks, or carry too much fine material downstream. The location of crushing plants shall be subject to the approval of the Supervisory Engineer, and not be adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas, or to existing residential settlements, and shall be operated with approved fitted dust control devices. Rock or gravel taken from a river shall be far enough removed to limit the depth of material removed to one-tenth of the width of the river at any one location, and not to disrupt the river flow, or damage or undermine the riverbanks. 1. A map showing the extent of the area to be developed. 2. A method statement defining the proposed working methods. 3. The proposed access and haulage routes between the borrow pits and the destination for the extracted materials. 4. A justification for the quantities of materials to be extracted, an estimation of the waste material to be generated and disposal details for such waste materials. 5. Details of the measures taken to minimize the borrow pit areas and their visual impact on the surrounding area, and 6. Details of the measures to be taken for the long-term rehabilitation of the borrow pit areas in order to avoid situations that could constitute a threat to health and safety and cause environmental degradation. In general terms, the Contractor shall: 1. Identify and demarcate locations for stockpiles and borrow pits, ensuring that they are 15 meters away from critical areas such as steep slopes, erosionprone soils, and areas that drain directly into sensitive water bodies. 2. Limit extraction of material to approved and demarcated borrow pits. 3. Stockpile topsoil when first opening the borrow pit. After all usable borrow has been removed, the previously stockpiled topsoil should be spread back over the borrow area and graded to a smooth, uniform surface, and adequately sloped for drainage. On steep slopes, benches or terraces may have to be established to help control erosion. 4. Excess overburden should be stabilized and re-vegetated. Where appropriate, organic debris and overburden should be spread over the disturbed site to 10

91 promote re-vegetation. Natural re-vegetation is preferred to the best extent practicable. 5. Existing drainage channels in areas affected by the operation should be kept free of overburden. 6. Once the job is completed, all construction -generated debris should be removed from the site to an approved disposal location. 7. The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in an appropriate condition with stable side slopes, re-establishment of vegetation, restoration of natural water courses, avoidance of flooding of the excavated areas wherever possible so no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed mosquitoes, and 8. When the borrow pits or the local depressions created by the construction activities cannot be refilled or reasonably drained, the Contractor shall consult with the local community to determine their preference for reuse such as fish farming or other community purposes. Disposal of Construction Waste The Contractior shall carry out the following activities: 1. Establish and enforce daily site clean-up procedures, including maintenance of adequate disposal facilities for construction debris. 2. Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing structures shall be suitably reused, to the best extent feasible (e.g. as fill materials for embankments). The disposal of remaining debris shall be carried out only at sites identified and approved by the Supervisory Engineer. The Contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest areas; (b) do not impact natural drainage courses; and (c) do not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances shall the Contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. 3. In the event any debris or silt from the sites is deposited on adjacent land, the Contractor shall immediately remove such, debris or silt and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of Supervisory Engineer. 4. All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary, will be considered incidental to the work and should be planned and implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Supervisory Engineer. 5. Consult with local communities, if any, living close to spoil disposal sites that may be affected. The consultation shall provide local stakeholders with detailed information of the potential spoil disposal site, and provide an opportunity for them to express their opinions and concerns with the proposed plans. 11

92 Information and feedback from the consultation process shall be incorporated into the final design for each spoil disposal site. 6. Include provisions for incorporating the most appropriate stabilization techniques for each disposal site. 7. Assess risk of any potential impact regarding leaching of spoil material on surface water. 8. Include an appropriate analysis to determine that the selected spoil disposal sites do not cause unwanted surface drainage, and 9. Stabilize spoil disposal sites to avoid erosion in accordance with the requirements of the Landscape and Re-vegetation Plan. Demolition of Existing Infrastructure The Contractor shall implement adequate measures during demolition of existing infrastructure to protect workers and public from falling debris and flying objects. Among these measures, the Contractor shall: 1. Set aside a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels. 2. Conduct sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable. 3. Maintain clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap. 4. Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged. 5. Evacuate all work areas during blasting operations, and use blast mats or other means of deflection to minimize fly rock or ejection of demolition debris if work is conducted in proximity to people or structures. 6. Provide all workers with safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes. 1-3: Other Management Plans The contractor shall be responsible for preparing the following management plans in accordance with the stipulated terms of reference: Waste Management Plan During the construction stage, the Contractor shall prepare a Waste Management Plan before commencement of project works. The Plan shall include: Water and Wastewater A review of the preliminary site drainage design prepared during the detailed design. 12

93 An update of the preliminary design based on the actual construction program and site specific conditions (e.g. the geographical conditions, location of slopes and the nature of construction work). Detailed design including drawings, location maps, specifications of drainage collection channels and wastewater treatment facilities. Proposed discharge locations and treatment standards. A detailed implementation program of the proposed drainage system. As part of the design of the site drainage system, surface runoff within the construction site shall be diverted in order to avoid flushing away soil material and the water is treated by device such as sediment trap before discharge. Domestic sewage from site offices, toilets and kitchen shall either be collected by a licensed waste collector or treated by on-site treatment facilities. Discharge of treated wastewater must comply with the discharge limits according to Vietnamese legislation. A Wastewater treatment device such as a sediment tank can be installed near each of the constructions activities that may generate wastewater. Alternatively, sedimentation ponds can be constructed on-site to settle out excessive suspended solids (SS) before discharging into a discharge outlet. Retaining walls and sandbags barriers shall be constructed surrounding the bored piling machine in order to trap bentonite and wastewater within the piling location. The collected spent bentonite or the wastewater shall be pumped for treatment before discharge. Prior to the rainy season, all exposed surfaces and slopes shall be properly covered or landscaping shall be provided to minimize run-off of sediment laden. Slope protection can be carried out in sequence to construction and in advance of the rainy season. Drainage control devices such as sediment traps shall be installed at each discharge outlet, and they shall be cleaned regularly, and Chemical toilets can be provided on each work site employing 5 workers or more. At least one toilet shall be installed per 25 workers. Domestic sewage collected from the site office and chemical toilets shall be cleaned up on regular basis. Only licensed waste collectors shall be employed for this disposal. The sludge shall be treated according to the requirements of the Contractor s Waste Management Plan. Solid Wastes Waste such as those listed below is expected due to construction activities: Surplus excavated materials requiring disposal due to earth moving activities and slope cutting. 13

94 Disposal of used lumber for trenching works, scaffolding steel material, site hoarding, packaging materials, containers of fuel, lubricant and paint. Waste generated by demolition of existing houses / buildings affected by the project or breaking of existing concrete surfaces. Waste from on-site wastewater treatment facility (e.g. treatment of bentonite from tunneling works by sedimentation process), and Domestic waste generated by construction workers, construction campsite and other facilities. The above wastes must be properly controlled through the implementation of the following measures: Minimize the production of waste that must be treated or eliminated. Identify and classify the type of waste generated. If hazardous or chemical wastes are generated, proper procedures must be taken regarding their storage, collection, transportation and disposal. (See Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials and Chemical Waste Management Plan). Identify and demarcate disposal areas clearly indicating the specific materials that can be deposited in each, and Control placement of all construction waste (including earth cuts) to approved disposal sites (>300 m from rivers, streams, lakes, or wetlands). Collect and recycle and dispose where necessary in authorized areas all of garbage, metals, used oils, and excess material generated during construction, incorporating recycling systems and the separation of materials. The Contractor shall make a commitment to waste recycling and re-use methods in consideration of the following; A method statement on waste recycling, re-use and minimization of waste generation. Excavated material shall be re-used on-site or the nearby road segment / other projects as far as possible in order to minimize the quantity of material to be disposed of. Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources. Collected recyclable material shall be re-used for other projects or sold to waste collector for recycling, and Collected waste shall be disposed of properly through a licensed waste collector. Pollution Prevention Plan Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials If the construction site is expected to have or suspected of having hazardous materials (chemicals, asbestos, hydrocarbons, or other similar hazardous materials), 14

95 the Contractor will be required to prepare a Hazardous Waste Management Plan and Emergency Response Plan to be approved by the Environmental Supervisor. Removal and disposal of existing hazardous wastes in project sites should only be performed by specially trained personnel following national or provincial requirements, or internationally recognized procedures. The Contractor shall: Make the Hazardous Waste Management Plan available to all persons involved in operations and transport activities; Hazardous waste (or chemical waste) shall be properly stored, handled and disposed of in accordance with the local legislative requirements. Hazardous waste shall be stored at designed location and warning signs shall be posted; Inform the Environmental Supervisor, or Construction Supervisor of any accidental spill or incident in accordance with the plan; Prepare a companion Emergency Response Plan outlining all procedures to be undertaken in the event of a spilled or unplanned release; Initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident; and Provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. The Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials shall be subsequently updated and submitted to the PEO for no objection. Chemical Waste During construction there will be a potential for pollution to adjacent habitat areas and watercourses caused by chemical wastes such as spent waste oil, spent lubricant, contaminated soil material due to leakage of hydraulic oil, fuel from construction plant or vehicles, etc. The following measures shall be put into place in order to minimize the damage caused by chemical waste: All refueling of heavy equipment and machinery shall be undertaken by a service vehicle to prevent any spillage or contamination by chemical wastes such as maintenance oils, lubricants, etc.. All the fuel and hazardous material storage shall be adequately enclosed to prevent any spillage problems; Storm water runoff from open workshops, repair areas, and enclosed storage areas shall be collected and treated in hydrocarbon separation pits/tanks before discharge to drains and waterways. All explosives shall be transported, stored and handled in accordance with applicable laws and good design engineering and constructions practices. The contractor shall provide details of proposed storage and security arrangements, and 15

96 Pesticides and shall be packaged, labeled, handled, stored and disposed of according to standards acceptable to the World Bank (OP 4.09: Pest Management) and the government of Vietnam. Maintenance of Construction Equipment The Contractor shall: Identify and demarcate equipment maintenance areas (>15m from rivers, streams, lakes or wetlands). Fuel storage shall be located in proper areas and approved by the PEO. Ensure that all equipment maintenance activities, including oil changes, are conducted within demarcated maintenance areas; never dispose spent oils on the ground, in water courses, drainage canals or in sewer systems, and All spills and collected petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with standard environmental procedures/guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas shall be located at least 100m from all cross drainage structures and important water bodies or as directed by the PEO. Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Clearing of Construction Areas Areas proposed for clearing shall be included in the Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Plan. Only those proposed areas shall be cleared in accordance with the Plan and approved by the Engineering Supervisor. The Vegetation Clearing and SalvagePlan shall consider the existing usage of the project land to allow its existing usage to continue as long as is practicable, without interference with the Contractor s activities. Vegetation shall not be disturbed in those areas not submitted with the Plan. The Contractor shall also arrange to coordinate with local communities as part of the Livelihoods Development Plan to clear the reservoir area. The following measures shall be implemented: Large or significant trees in camp areas and access roads should be preserved wherever possible. The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing shall be minimized. To the best extent possible, non-residual chemicals shall be selected and with negligible adverse effects on human health. Herbicides use in the project shall be shown to be effective against the target vegetation species, have minimum effect on the natural environment, and be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well for personnel applying them. Herbicides shall be appropriately packaged, labeled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to international standards proposed by the Contractor for the TSHPMB non-objection, and 16

97 The design of roads, including temporary and permanent access roads shall avoid crop areas where reasonable and practical. Landscape, Visual impacts and Re-vegetation The construction program of the project shall be executed in phases, particularly in those locations where severe or high landscape and visual impacts are expected. The following measures shall be implemented: Construction shall be programmed in sequence so that the scale of earth moving activities and area of exposed surface can be minimized. Re-vegetation shall start at the earliest opportunity. Appropriate local species of vegetation shall be used. The requirement of compensatory planting shall be included in the design and project contract. A Master Landscaping Plan and requirements of ecological monitoring or survey during different stages of the project shall be prepared during the design stage that shall be implemented during the construction and maintained during operation. Facilities and structures shall be located according to the terrain and geographical features of the project site. Restoration, of cleared areas such as borrow pits no longer in use, disposal areas, construction roads, construction camp areas, stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas temporarily occupied during construction of the project works shall be accomplished using landscaping, adequate drainage and revegetation. Existing trees and plants within the construction boundaries shall be tagged to indicate whether the trees are to be retained transplanted or removed. Transplantation of existing trees affected by the project works shall be carried out prior to the commencement of construction. Excavations shall avoid damage to the root systems. Mitigation measures are also required to prevent damage to trunks and branches of trees. Temporary hoarding barriers shall be of a recessive visual appearance in both color and form. Upon completion of the construction, the affected areas shall be immediately restored to their original condition, including the re-creation of natural and rocky shoreline, footpath and re-establishment of disturbed vegetation. At the highly visually sensitive zones, construction may be scheduled where possible at the low tourist seasons. Construction trucks shall operate at night when possible and kept cleaned and covered when shipping bulk materials. Construction sites shall be surrounded with fence if located at the scenery zones to avoid direct visual sights of the construction sites. 17

98 There shall not be construction camps in scenic areas. Random disposal of solid waste in scenic areas shall be strictly prohibited. All mixing stations and concrete batching plants shall not be located near rivers or in scenic areas. The stockpiles shall be located in hidden areas, and outside of the sight from tourists; Use the existing roads as access road if possible to minimize the need for new access roads which lead to damage existing landforms and vegetation. Land use for agricultural activity prior to use for construction activities shall be, as much as possible, restored to a state to allow the same agricultural activity to continue. Spoil heaps and excavated slopes shall be re-profiled to stable batters, and grassed to prevent erosion. Topsoil stripped from the work areas shall be used for landscaping works, and Watercourses, which have been temporarily diverted by the construction activities, shall be restored to their former flow paths. Site Restoration At the completion of construction work, all construction camp facilities shall be dismantled and removed from the site and the whole site restored to a similar condition to that prior to the commencement of the works, or to a condition agreed to with local authorities and communities. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction shall be carried out on completion of the restoration works (and before issuance of the acceptance of completion of works). Various activities to be carried out for site restoration are: The construction campsite shall be grassed and trees cut replaced with saplings of similar tree species. All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works shall be undertaken without delay, including grassing and reforestation. Water courses shall be cleared of debris and drains and culverts checked for clear flow paths. All sites shall be cleaned of debris and all excess materials properly disposed. Borrow pits shall be restored. Oil and fuel contaminated soil shall be removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas. Saplings planted shall be handed over to the community or the land owner for further maintenance and watering, and Soak pits and septic tanks shall be covered and effectively sealed off. 18

99 1-4: Safety during Construction The Contractor s responsibilities include the protection of every person and nearby property from construction accidents. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all national and local safety requirements and any other measures necessary to avoid accidents, including the following: Present details regarding maximum permissible vehicular speed on each section of road; Establish safe sight distance in both construction areas and construction camp sites; Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various components of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. All signs shall be in English and Vietnamese language and be constructed according to Vietnamese specifications; Estimate maximum concentration of traffic (number of vehicles/hour); Use selected routes to the project site, as agreed with the PEO, and appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of roads in the area, and restrict loads to prevent damage to local roads and bridges used for transportation purposes; Be held responsible for any damage caused to local roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required to repair such damage to the approval of the PEO; Not use any vehicles, either on or off road with grossly excessive, exhaust or noise emissions. In any built up areas, noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor; Maintain adequate traffic control measures throughout the duration of the Contract and such measures shall be subject to prior approval of the PEO; Carefully and clearly mark pedestrian-safe access routes; If school children are in the vicinity, include traffic safety personnel to direct traffic during school hours; Maintain a supply for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign material, etc.), road marking, and guard rails to maintain pedestrian safety during construction; Conduct safety training for construction workers prior to beginning work; Provide personal protective equipment and clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard hats, steel-toed boots, etc.,) for construction workers and enforce their use; Provide post Material Safety Data Sheets for each chemical present on the worksite; 19

100 Require that all workers read, or are read, all Material Safety Data Sheets. Clearly explain the risks to them and their partners, especially when pregnant or planning to start a family. Encourage workers to share the information with their physicians, when relevant; Ensure that the removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances be performed and disposed of by specially trained workers; During heavy rains or emergencies of any kind, suspend all work; and Brace electrical and mechanical equipment to withstand seismic events during the construction. 1-5: Environmental Training for Construction Workers During construction there will be a potential for workers to damage protected areas and waterways adjacent to camps and work areas. The Contractor shall prepare an Environmental Training Plan for all construction workers: the Plan shall address the following items: All Contractor s employees shall be required to comply with environmental protection procedures and they shall be able to provide evidence that they attended the training sessions detailed in the Plan; The Plan shall educate all construction workers on the following issues but not limited to them: fire arm possession, traffic regulations, illegal logging and collection of non-timber forestry products, non disturbance of resettlement communities, hunting and fishing restrictions, waste management, erosion control, health and safety issues, all prohibited activities, the Code of Conduct requirements and disciplinary procedures, and general information on the environment in which they will be working and living; Establishment of penalties for those who violate the rules; and Proposed methods for conducting the training program, which shall include formal training sessions, posters, data in newsletters, signs in construction and camp areas and tool box meetings. Annex 2: De-commissioning and Abandonment By the end of the construction phase, TSHPMB will prepare a dam decommissioning and abandonment plan, including the following: Removal of all structures and equipment Removal of all associated infrastructure roads, transmission lines etc. Safety issues Reclamation of disturbed land Land use Socio-economic and land redistribution Restoration of river flows Restoration of river habitats and ecological condition Flood protection 20

101 Annex 3: Proposed work items and equipment at solid waste bury area No I Work item Domestic waste plot, dimension (60x30x4) 1 Site clearance 2 Excavation of bury plot, soil grade III, by machine 3 Embankment of bury plot, soil grade III, by machine 4 Transport of abundent soil, rock 5 Supply, installation of anti-absorbient layer GCL 6 Supply, installation of waste water collecting pipe HDPE D150 7 Fill gravel layer of 0.2m thick for waste water discharge 8 Construct waste water collecting pit and pumping station II Dangerous waste plot (20x20x4) 1 Site clearance 2 Excavation of bury plot, soil grade III, by machine 3 Embankment of bury plot, soil grade III, by machine 4 Transport of abundent soil, carved rock 5 Supply, installation of anti-absorbient layer GCL 6 Supply, installation of waste water collecting pipe HDPE 7 Supply, installation of lining layer Rubsheets 8 Supply, installation of waste water collecting pipe HDPE D150 9 Fill gravel layer of 0.2m thick for waste water discharge 10 Construct waste water collecting pit and pumping station 11 Installation of bury plot fence III Infrastructure of bury plot for solid waste 1 Guard room 2 Control room 3 Garage - warehouse 4 Water supply system 5 Inner roads, car keeping 6 Gate, fence 7 Rain water discharge 8 Generating power, dynamic power, lighting 9 Tree planting for good senery IV Waste water treatment 1 Anaerobic reservoir: 20x20x4 1.1 Site clearance 21

102 No Work item 1.2 Anaerobic reservoir excavation (20x20x3) 1.3 Anaerobic reservoir embankment 1.4 Transport of abundent soil, carved rock 1.5 Supply, installation of anti-absorbient layer GCL 1.6 Reinforcement concrete for anaerobic reservoir bottom and wall 2 Anaerobic reservoir 1: 30x15x Site clearance 2.2 Soil excavation for anaerobic reservoir 1 (30x15x2) 2.3 Anaerobic reservoir soil embankment 2.4 Transport of abundent soil, carved rock 2.5 Supply, installation of anti-absorbient layer GCL 2.6 Reinforcement concrete for anaerobic reservoir bottom and wall 3 Anaerobic reservoir 2: 30x15x Site clearance 3.2 Soil excavation for anaerobic reservoir 2 (30x15x2) 3.3 Anaerobic reservoir soil embankment 3.4 Transport of abundent soil, carved rock 3.5 Supply, installation of anti-absorbient layer GCL 3.6 Reinforcement concrete for anaerobic reservoir bottom and wall V Mud treatment for latrine 1 Equipment for mud treatment VI Collecting system for waste fume 1 Exhaust fume collecting well VII Underground water observation 1 Underground water observation well, depth = 70m VIII Equipment at solid waste bury area 1 Conceal pump Q= 15m 3 /h H= 20m 2 Fume analyzer 3 Anti-flood pump 4 Other auxiliary equipments IX Rehabilitation of solid waste bury area (0.2ha) 1 Clay layer cover, thickness = 500mm 2 Tree planting 3 Rain water discharge 4 Waste water collection and pumping 5 Exhaust fume collecting well 22

103 Annex 4 TCVN Water quality. Standard on surface water. Ultimate value of parameters and concentration of polluted substances in surface water No Parameter Unit Ultimate value A B 1 ph BOD 5 (20 0 C) mg/l < 4 < 25 3 COD mg/l < 10 < 35 4 Dissolved oxygen mg/l Suspension solids mg/l Asen mg/l Bari mg/l Cadimi mg/l Lead (Pb) mg/l Chrome (VI) mg/l Chrome (III) mg/l Bronze mg/l Zinc mg/l Mangan mg/l Niken mg/l Iron mg/l Mercury mg/l Tin mg/l Ammonia (calculated by N) mg/l Florua mg/l Nitrate (calculated by N) mg/l Nitrite (calculated by N) mg/l Xyanide mg/l Phenolat (total) mg/l Oil; fat mg/l None Detergent mg/l Coliform MNP/100ml Total chemical for plant protection (exclude mg/l DDT) 29 DDT mg/l Total active radioactive α Bq/l Total active radioactive β Bq/l Note: - Column A apply for surface water usable for domestic water source (a water treatment process in accordance with stipulation is required) - Column B apply for apply for surface water usable for other purposes. Water used for agriculture and aquaculture is stipulated separately 23

104 ANNEX 5 VIETNAM STANDARD TCVN Acoustics - Noise in public and residential areas Maximum permissible noise level 1. Scope and application This standard stipulates the maximum permissible noise level in public and residential areas Noise mentioned in this standard is what is produced by man s activities notwithstanding its sources This standard is used for control all noise-makable activities in public and residential areas This standard does not stipulate noise level inside production bases, trade, commerce and services units 2. Ecited standards The following standards are used along with this standard: TCVN 5965:1995 Acoustics Description and measurement of noise in environment Quantities and main measuring method. TCVN 5965:1995 Acoustics Description and measurement of noise in environment Application of permissible noise level. TCVN 6399:1998 Acoustics Description and measurement of noise in environment Method for taking suitable data for land areas. 3. Ultimate value 3.1. All noise sources due to production, trade, domestic and services activities... shall not result in excess of ultimate value regulated for public and residential areas in Table Noise measurement method for public and residential areas is stipulated in stadards TCVN 5964:1995; TCVN 5965:1995 and TCVN 6399:1998/ISO 1996/2:1987. Ultimate noise level for public and residential areas (according to equivalent noise level) Unit: dba Area from 6h to Duration from 18h from 22h 18h to 22h to 6h 1. Areas need special quiet: Hospital, library, rest-home, kindergarten, school, church, pagoda 2. Residential area, hotel, hostel, administration office Residential area in between production, trade and services bases 24

105 Explanation of Standard A.1. When conducting measurement/assessment to determine the rate compared with the stipulated level on the standards, then all points are carried out in public and residential areas. In case the residential areas are located alternately in the area of production, trade, service units or v.s., noise shall not be measured within such area. A.2. Areas mentioned in Table 1 A.2.1. Areas need special quiet: is where it needs calm to treatment, health care, education, research, teaching, to worship and respect seriously... A.2.2. Residential area, hotel, hostel, administration office... Are areas for stay and administration work mainly. All production, business, service facilities in this area shall not cause noise for the area that exceeds the limits allowed for the corresponding value outlined in the table. If the level in the area exceeds the limit stated in the table, then all activities of business, services would not cause on the total amount higher than the basic noise level of the area. A.2.3. Residential area in between production, trade and services bases Are areas for commercial activities, services and manufacturing mainly, which may have a residential area next to or with production, trade and services bases. All commercial, services or production activities in this area shall not cause noise for the area that exceeds the limits allowed for the corresponding value outlined in the table. If the level in the area exceeds the limit stated in the table, then all activities of business, services would not cause on the total amount higher than the basic noise level of the area. Annex 6 TCVN 5937:2005 Air quality. Standard on ambient air quality Foreword TCVN 5937:2005 is a replacement of TCVN 5937:1995 TCVN 5937:2005 is compiled by Commission of technical standard TCVN/TC 146 Air quality, proposed by General office of standard on quality measurement, and issued by Ministry of Science and Technology 1. Scope of work 1.1. This standard regulates ultimate value for the basic parameters including SO 2, CO, NO x, O 3, suspension dust and dust < 10µm (PM 10) and lead (Pb) in ambient air 1.2. This standard is used for evaluation of ambient air quality and monitoring of air pollution condition 1.3. This standard is not used for evaluation of air quality in production or housing areas 25

106 2. Ultimate value The limit of basic parameters in ambient air is presented in table 1. Standard on ambient air quality Unit: µg/m3 Average Average Average Annual Determination method Parameter in 1 hour in 8 hours in 24 hours average (average sums) SO Parasosalin or ultraviolet fluorescent CO None dispersed infrared ray (NDIR) NO Gas-chemical fluorescent O Ultraviolet ray monitoring Suspension dust (TSP) Dust < 10µm (PM 10) Samples of large volume Analyze volume Analyze volume OR inertia separation Pb Samples of large volume and spectrum absorbed atomic Note: PM 10: Suspension dust with aerodynamic size < 10µm; Dash (-): not specified 26

107 ANNEX 7: VIETNAM STANDARD TCVN 5939:2005 Air quality Industrial waste emission standards for inorganic substances and dusts. TCVN 5939:2005 is a replacement for TCVN 5939:1995, TCVN 6991:2001, TCVN 6992:2001 and TCVN 6993: Scope of application 1.1 This standard rules maximum concentration value of dust and inorganic substances of industrial waste gas emission into the surrounding air. The industrial emission mentioned in this standard is emission generated by human from the process of producing, trading, services and other activities 1.2 This standard applies to control the dust concentration and other inorganic substances of industrial waste gas into the surrounding air. 2 Ultimate values 2.1 List and limit values, the concentration of inorganic substances and dust in industrial waste gas into the surrounding air is as stipulated in Table 1. The value limit specified in column A applies to factories, facilities in operation. The value limit specified in column B applies to new factories Note: 1) Components of gas emission have characteristics according to industry sectors of some specific production, business - services activities, as provided in separate standards. 2) For factories and facilities in operation, apply the limit value stipulated in column B by the itinerary stipulated by environmental authorities for each specific source of waste 2.2 Methods of sampling, analysis, calculations to determine concentration of the specific inorganic substances and dust in industrial waste gas is defined in the corresponding TCVN or the method stipulated by competent authorities 27

108 Maximum allowable value of inorganic substances and dust in industrial waste gas No Parameter Unit: miligam/m3 of standard gas emission * (mg/nm 3 ) Limit value A B 1 Smoke dust Dust with silicon Ammonia and ammoniac compound Antimon and compound, in Sb Asen and compound, in As Cadmi and compound, in Cd Lead and compound, in Pb CO Clo Copper and compound, in Cu Zinc and compound, in Zn HCl Flo, HF, or inorganic compound of Flo, in HF H 2 S SO NO x, in NO NO x (acid production unit), in NO H 2 SO 4 steam or SO 3, in SO HNO 3 steam (acid production unit), in NO HNO 3 steam (other sources), in NO NOTE:*) Cubic meter of standard gas emission mentioned in this standard is a cubic meter of gas emission at 0 o C and absolute pressure of 760 mm mercury. 28

109 Annex 8: TCVN Industrial waste water. Discharge standard. Limit value of parameters and concentration of contaminated substances No Parameter Unit Limit value A B C 1 Temperature 0 C ph Smell - Not Not unpleasant unpleasant - 4 Colour, Co-Pt at ph = BOD 5 ( 20 0 C) mg/l COD mg/l Hanging solid substance mg/l Asen mg/l Mercury mg/l Lead mg/l Cadimi mg/l CromeVI) mg/l Crom (III) mg/l Copper mg/l Zinc mg/l Niken mg/l Mangan mg/l Iron mg/l Tin mg/l Xianua mg/l Phenol mg/l Gasoline mg/l Animal fat mg/l Residual Clo mg/l PCBs mg/l Plant protection chemical: organic phosphate mg/l Plant protection chemical: organic Clo mg/l Sunfua mg/l Florua mg/l Clorua mg/l Amoni (in N) mg/l Total N mg/l Total P mg/l Coliform MNP/100ml Biological test (Bioassay) 90% of fish alive after 96h in 100% of waste water - 36 Total radioactivity α Bq/l Total radioactivity β Bq/l

110 Annex 9 Model of 2-bay latrine Roof Ventilation i i Floor Base 10m 10m Joint sleeve 0,2m 0,25m Dischar ge pipe Valve 1 2 Grave l, stone Soil wall Soi 0,3m Grave l, t 0,5m 0,4m 30

111 Annex 10 Diagram of regional health care system Son La Health Thanh Hoa Health Contrac tor Provincial hospital Provincial health District hospital District health Commune/villa ge clinic stations Site clinic stations relation : Coordination : Instruction 31

112 Annex 11: PLAN FOR HEALTH CARE ENSURANCE Camp workers Health problems Sexual transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS Malaria Intervention solution and description of activities Communicating, educating and propagating to change the behavior: 1. constructing communicating documents such as leaflets, posters, billboards to glue around the camp area; 2. organizing propaganda, educating through local radio on the risk, prevention measures and the testing and consultant establishments; Intervening to reduce the adverse effects: 1. Supplying free condoms at the site health clinic; Consulting, testing voluntarily of HIV and recommending for route shifting Preventing transmission of HIV through medical services Communicating, educating and propagating on the risks and measure to prevent and fight malaria Time and frequency (if any) Responsibility 6 month/ time Site clinic station Regular Regular Regular 6 month/ time Coordinating units + HIV/AIDS prevention and fighting National Program, the commune health clinics of Trung Son, Trung Thanh and Thanh Son, the radio of 3 communes of Trung Son, Trung Thanh and Thanh Son; + Contractor + PMU + Malaria prevention and fighting National Program through the preventive health center of Quan Hoa, Muong Lat district and Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor Supplying chemical soaked mosquito nets for construction workers Supplying spare medicine 1 year/time Regular + PMU Reserving malaria treating medicine Regular Treating and recommending on route shifting Regular Spraying anti-mosquito chemicals 6 month/ time 32

113 Camp workers Health problems Tuberculosis Intervention solution and description of activities Communicating, educating and propagating on the risks and preventive measure against tuberculosis: Educating about tuberculosis for the community is carried out through mass media (local radio and television). Beside, other propaganda documents such as, introduction books, posters, leaflets relating to the manifestation of disease infection and the checking and treating establishments for workers Collecting and testing sputum for patients being suspected of being affected with tuberculosis Supervising the DOTS treatment during short period for patients Time and frequency (if any) Responsibility 6 month/ time Site clinic station Regular Regular Coordinating units + Tuberculosis prevention and fighting National Program through the preventive health center of Quan Hoa, Muong Lat district and Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor Pneumonia Reserving treatment antibiotics Regular Mai Chau regional general hospital + PMU Diagnosing and treating timely,, recommending on route shifting when it is beyond capacity Regular Food poisoning diarrhea Communicating, educating and propagating food hygiene safety Organizing periodical check of collective dining kitchens in camp area Reserving medicine and transmitting fluid to treat single food poisoning cases Building plan for dealing with massive food poisoning Communicating, educating and propagating on diarrhea to provide for groups of construction workers 6 month/ time 3 month/ time Regular Regular 6 month/ time + National program on food hygiene safety through tuberculosis prevention and fighting through the preventive health center of Quan Hoa, Muong Lat commune, the Construction hospital and Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor + PMU + Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor 33

114 Camp worker s Health problems Labor accidents Traffic accidents Intervention solution and description of activities Reserving medicine and transmitting fluid for treatment Recommending on route shifting if beyond capacity Coordinating to build regulations on labor safety on site Training on first aid when labor accidents happen for groups of workers Checking the obedience of rules, regulations on labor safety Anticipating medicine and first-aid tools to save patients Treating and recommending on route shifting Communicating, educating and propagating on the risk of occurring traffic accidents on site Training on first-aid when labor accident happens for groups of workers Anticipating medicine and first-aid tools to save patients Time and frequency (if any) Regular Regular Regular Responsibility 6 month/ time Site clinic station Every month Regular Regular 6 month/ time 6 month/ time Regular Coordinating units + Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor + Mai Chau regional general hospital + Contractor Treating and recommending on route shifting Regular Alcoholic, drugs addiction Professional diseases Communicating, educating and propagating on adverse effect and the risk of alcohol abuse and drugs addiction to health Constructing regulations relating alcohol & drug use within the land area Communicating, educating and propagating on professional diseases for construction workers at site. 6 month/ time Contractor 6 month/ time Contractor Periodically checking health for workers 12 month/time 34

115 Health problems Sexual transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS Intervention solution and description of activities Communicating, educating and propagating to change the behavior through local radio about the risk, preventive methods and testing and consulting establishments; Time and frequency (if any) 6 month/ time Responsibility Coordinating units HIV/AIDS prevention and fighting National Program through the preventive health center of Quan Hoa and Muong Lat districts, the radio station of 3 commune: Trung Son, Trung Thanh and Thanh Son; + Contractor The followers Intervening to reduce the adverse effect: Supplying free condoms at the commune health clinic Consulting, testing voluntarily of HIV and recommending on route shifting Regular Regular Clinic stations of Trung Son, Trung Thành and Thành Sơn communes + PMU Preventing HIV infection through medical services Regular Malaria Deploying HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and fighting at the community Communicating, educating and propagating on the risks and prevention and treatment measures against malaria Regular 6 month/ time + Malaria prevention and fighting National Program through the preventive health center of Quan Hoa and Muong Lat districts, the radio station of 3 commune: Trung Son, Trung Thanh and Thanh Son; Anticipating the treatment medicine for malaria Food poisoning Spraying anti-mosquito chemicals Communicating, educating and propagating food hygiene safety 6 month/ time 6 month/ time The radio station of 3 commune: Trung Son, Trung Thanh and Thanh Son; Diarrhea Communicating, educating and propagating on diarrhea 6 month/ time 35

116 Health problems Intervention solution and description of activities Time and frequency (if any) Responsibility Coordinating units Traffic accidents Communicating, educating and propagating on the risk of occurring traffic accidents, and first aid and treatment facilities for victims 6 month/ time Contradiction within the community Communicating, educating and propagating on cultural characteristics, the lifestyle of local residents through handouts 6 month/ time Alcoholic, drugs addiction Communicating, educating and propagating on adverse effect and the risk of alcohol abuse and drugs addiction to health 6 month/ time The moving residents Malaria Communicating, educating and propagating on the risks and prevention and treatment measures of malaria 6 month/ time Clinic stations of Tan Xuan, Trung Son, Trung Lý, Phú Thanh and Muong Lý communes; and village health care staff + Malaria prevention and fighting National Program through the preventive health center of Moc Chau, Quan Hoa and Muong Lat districts, the radio station of 5 communes of Tan Xuan, Trung Son, Trung Ly, Phu Thanh and Muong Ly. Anticipating the treatment medicine for malaria Supplying chemical soaked mosquito nets 24 month/time Spraying anti-mosquito chemicals 6 month/ time Diarrhea Communicating, educating and propagating on diarrhea 6 month/ time The radio station of 5 communes of Tan Xuan, Trung Son, Trung Ly, Phu Thanh and Muong Ly. 36

117 Health problems Traffic accidents Contradiction within the community Stress, mental disorder Intervention solution and description of activities Communicating, educating and propagating on the risk of occurring traffic accidents, and first aid and treatment facilities for victims Training on first-aid when labor accidents happen for the community Communicating, educating and propagating on cultural characteris tics, the lifestyle of local residents through local radio Communicating, educating and propagating on mental health through the local radio, handing out leaftlets of the early symptoms of mental disorder Time and frequency (if any) 6 month/ time 1 time trước khi di dời 6 month/ time Responsibility Coordinating units Consulting, answering worries concerning health Regular The receiving residents Traffic accidents Communicating, educating and propagating on the risk of occurring traffic accidents, and first aid and treatment facilities for victims 6 month/ time Clinic stations of Tan Xu n, Trung Son, Trung Ly, Phu Thanh and Muong Lycommunes; and village health care staff Stress, mental disorder Communicating, educating and propagating on mental health through local radio, handing out leaflets about the early symptoms of mental disorder 6 month/ time 37

118 Annex 12: Co Me village population (househould) No Full name of householder Number of people of househould Occupation 1 Phạm Bá Trình 4 Grow rice and afforest 2 Phạm Bá Xiềng 7 Grow rice and afforest 3 Phạm Bá Đào 4 Grow rice and afforest 4 Phạm Bá Điệp 5 Grow rice and afforest 5 Phạm Bá Tính 7 Grow rice and afforest 6 Phạm Bá Điện 5 Grow rice and afforest 7 Lương Văn Sồng 5 Grow rice and afforest 8 Lương Văn Ơn 8 Grow rice and afforest 9 Lương Văn Ngậm 4 Grow rice and afforest 10 Hà Văn Dung 6 Grow rice and afforest 11 Đinh Công Quân 3 Grow rice and afforest 12 Phạm Bá Thấm 4 Grow rice and afforest 13 Phạm Bá Chùng 3 Grow rice and afforest 14 Phạm Bá Sừng 7 Grow rice and afforest 15 Phạm Bá Nguyển 3 Grow rice and afforest 16 Phạm Bá Sùng 5 Grow rice and afforest 17 Lương Văn Nghè 3 Grow rice and afforest 18 Phạm Bá Lâm 7 Grow rice and afforest 19 Hà Văn Ém 4 Grow rice and afforest 20 Phạm Bá Soài 4 Grow rice and afforest 21 Phạm Bá Thúy 3 Grow rice and afforest 22 Hà Văn Thường 4 Grow rice and afforest 23 Phạm Bá Xùm 8 Grow rice and afforest 24 Hà Văn Luyện 4 Grow rice and afforest 25 Hà Văn Thư 1 Grow rice and afforest 26 Phạm Bá Đoàn 4 Grow rice and afforest 27 Phạm Bá Miền 4 Grow rice and afforest 28 Phạm Bá Thình 5 Grow rice and afforest 29 Phạm Bá Mùi 4 Grow rice and afforest 30 Lương Văn Thơ 7 Grow rice and afforest 31 Lương Văn Sời 5 Grow rice and afforest 32 Phạm Bá Diên 5 Grow rice and afforest 33 Phạm Bá Thao 4 Grow rice and afforest 38

119 34 Phạm Văn Tư 2 Grow rice and afforest 35 Lương Văn Thi 6 Grow rice and afforest 36 Phạm Bá Hoàn 5 Grow rice and afforest 37 Phạm Bá lĩnh 5 Grow rice and afforest 38 Phạm Bá Lê 3 Grow rice and afforest 39 Hà Văn Việt 4 Grow rice and afforest 40 Phạm Xuân Tùng 4 Grow rice and afforest 41 Phạm Xuân Tuyên 4 Commune Oficer 42 Phạm Xuân Mừa 4 Grow rice and afforest 43 Phạm Xuân Sơn 3 Student 44 Phạm Xuân Tuế 3 Grow rice and afforest 45 Phạm Xuân Dụ 4 Grow rice and afforest 46 Phạm Xuân Quang 5 Grow rice and afforest 47 Phạm Xuân Thùng 3 Grow rice and afforest 48 Phạm Xuân ình 5 Grow rice and afforest 49 Phạm Hùng Nguyên 2 Commune Oficer 50 Lương Văn Lắm 7 Grow rice and afforest 51 Lương Văn Niều 2 Grow rice and afforest 52 Lương Văn Dách 5 Grow rice and afforest 53 Lương Văn Cường 6 Grow rice and afforest 54 Phạm Bá Tủi 6 Grow rice and afforest 55 Phạm Bá Ngọt 4 Grow rice and afforest 56 Lương Văn Uyền 4 Grow rice and afforest 57 Phạm Bá Hoạt 4 Grow rice and afforest 58 Phạm Bá Hùa 8 Grow rice and afforest 59 Phạm Bá Hỏa 6 Student 60 Ni Văn Dương 4 Grow rice and afforest 61 Ngần Văn Thuận 5 Grow rice and afforest 62 Ngần Văn Ếu 4 Grow rice and afforest 63 Ngần Văn Đương 4 Grow rice and afforest 64 Lương Văn Dênh 6 Grow rice and afforest 65 Lương Văn Đoàn 7 Grow rice and afforest 66 Lương Văn Thuyến 3 Grow rice and afforest 67 Phạm Bá Được 3 Grow rice and afforest 68 Phạm Bá Nghiềm 4 Grow rice and afforest 69 Lương Văn Nghiệp 3 Grow rice and afforest 39

120 70 Lương Văn Đức 4 Grow rice and afforest 71 Phạm Bá Định 6 Grow rice and afforest 72 Phạm Hồng Thanh 6 Grow rice and afforest 73 Phạm Minh Thắng 4 Commune officer 74 Phạm Bá Nhất 4 Grow rice and afforest 75 Lương Văn Choi 6 Grow rice and afforest 76 Phạm Bá Hoa 6 Grow rice and afforest 77 Lương Văn Điếm 5 Grow rice and afforest 78 Lương Văn Thức 3 Grow rice and afforest 79 Phạm Mạnh Hưng 6 Grow rice and afforest 80 Phạm Bá Từng 5 Grow rice and afforest 81 Phạm Bá Đại 7 Grow rice and afforest 82 Phạm Bá Thoàn 5 Grow rice and afforest 83 Phạm Bá Chồm 7 Grow rice and afforest 84 Hà Văn Toàn 5 Grow rice and afforest 85 Phạm Bá Khoản 3 Grow rice and afforest 86 Phạm Bá Khải 3 Grow rice and afforest 87 Phạm Bá Lệ 4 Grow rice and afforest 88 Phạm Bá Chiến 2 Grow rice and afforest 89 Phạm Bá Thúc 3 Grow rice and afforest 90 Phạm Bá Khuê 3 Grow rice and afforest 91 Phạm Bá Khuế 3 Grow rice and afforest 92 Phạm Hồng Quang 3 Grow rice and afforest 93 Lương Văn Ních 3 Grow rice and afforest 94 Phạm Bá Thuân 4 Teacher 95 Lương Văn Điền 3 Grow rice and afforest 96 Phạm Bá Khang 3 Grow rice and afforest 97 Lương Văn Khận 3 Grow rice and afforest Total

121 ANNEX 13 GUIDELINE ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT MODEL 1. Impacts of burry area on environment include: Toxic gas, bad smell exit to environment. - Dust emissions during transport, burying hazardous waste on the burying area. - Polluted soil, surface water, underground water due to waste water leakage. - Possibility of direct contact of workers working in burying area. - Environment pollution, workers in the burying area. - Impact on landscape, environment, society. Especially with potential impacts to public health and environment, it is necessary to focuse research to reduce the risk of leakage of hazardous materials from location selection to design, build, operating and closing burying area. 2. Following wastes are not allowed to buried directly in burying area - Solution or materials containing liquids. - Empty wrapping except when it has been pressed, slice or other similar measures aimed at reducing volume. - Substance that can cause explosion, solid substance that can catch fire easily, the quality can react with water, the substance that can oxidize and organic peroxide. The above liquid waste are only buried once: - Application of measures to eliminate fluid out of the waste or using methods to solid fluid. - For substance that can cause explosion, catch fire easily, simultaneous burning or react with water, oxidize and organic peroxide, it is necessary to refer to names and standards listed in classification system of hazardous waste of Vietnam or in Appendix 1 of Basel convention (corresponding to international symbols H1, H3, H4.1, H4.3, H5.1, H5.2) - For the waste that contains harmful organic composition, especially Halogen organic substance, it is necessary to review determination of the threshold of the maximum concentration for direct burying - About the definitions of and the threshold concentration of the organic substances in hazardous wastes considered as Hazardous Waste, refer to the Viet Nam classification system of wastes in the appendix to list A of the classification system, type A3, A4. Not dilute or mixed Hazardous Waste with others only for the purpose of achieving concentrations above limits. - Hazardous waste before burying must be processed and/or stabilized by the most appropriate techniques that has been proven to reduce the maximum ability to 41

122 leakage of polluted substance on the environment or when the system to ensure safety of the burying area are in fault. The management and technical solution include: + Reduce the volume of waste at source by measures to improve production processes; + Revoke, return and / or re-use of the waste compositions; + separating liquid with solid compositions by physio-chemical methods or disinflation; + Dealing with easily dissolvable organic compound by biological method; + Solidization, stabilization to change hazardous waste into liquid or solid form or waste does not cause reactions with the surrounding environment; + By heat treatment to destroy organic waste. It is necessary to use the recommendations set forth in a classification system for harmful wastes to select the appropriate solutions and technologies to handle different Hazardous Waste. Hazardous Waste must be handled with the existing technology suitable for each type of waste as well as be suitable for burying stages. 42

123 Waste source STAGE 1: Waste emissions (after mitigated, recycled, reproduced and reused) Hazardous waste Classification at source by separate bin Domestic waste Classification Medical waste STAGE 2: Collection and transport Hazardous waste that is not allowed for burying Hazardou s waste that is suitable for direct burying Waste that is suitable for direct burying Recycle and reuse Medical waste that is suitable for direct burying Medical waste that is suitable for thermal STAGE 3: Treatment and processing Unit licensed to treat hazardous waste Organic waste Fertilizer foodstuff for cattle Draft burning in metal barrel (fuel: petrol/oil) Leavings after burning STAGE 4: Sediment transport after treatment STAGE 5: Waste disposal Plot for hazardous waste Plot for domestic waste Dump for recycle Waste purchasing unit 43

124 Figure 1: Diagram of waste management and treatment model 44

125 WASTE DUMPING GROUND Risk of fume and toxic gas emission Risk of dust emission WASTE DUMPING GROUND Attention to safety and health of workers working at burying area Pollution of soil, underground and surface water due to waste leakage Direct contact of human or wild animal due to encroachment to protection system and burying system Figure 2: Diagram of potential negative impacts of waste burying area 3. Selection of location for waste burying area Selection requirements. Selection of location for waste burying area shall meet the following requirements: - Location of burying area must be defined pursuant to the planning that has been approved by state agencies. Burying area shall space enough to meet the amount of waste arising in the future, it is best to meet requirements ò burying hazardous waste from a minimum of years in the planning area. - In the process of selecting location for waste burying area, the following factors should be taken into consideration: land use planning, scale, operation time of burying area; natural geographic characteristics, geology, hydrography and engineering geology, biological factors, socio-economy, community opinion; waste transportation distance; landscape, security, national defense 3.2. Selection of burying area model. There are many different models to design and build waste burying area: (see Figure 3). - Floating burying area: a burying area is built floating on the surface of land where the terrain is even or not much slope, burying waste under design will create positive plane. 45

126 - Sunk burying area: a burying area is built to bury waste under the land surface. - Semi-sunk and semi-floating burying area is built to be half on and under the ground. Waste not only be buried full in hole, tunnel, but then continue to be buried by the design height. - Burying area at mountain slit: is formed by making use of the mountain gully in high mountainous areas. Each burying area model has different advantages and disadvantages, but must depend on the characteristics of each area to choose. When you want to select an appropriate burying area model, simultaneously consider the following factors: type and amount of waste; terrain; land area; strata and the absorbent characteristics of stone and soil; Depth and slope of the underground water level; availability of reasonable materials; ability to take control of the risk of waste leakage; regional landscape. 46

127 MODEL OF SANITARY-RESPONSIVE WASTE DISPOSAL AREA 47

128 3.3. Selection of burying option. - For each type of model, the following burying options can be chosen: - Burying plot:: Burying area can be divided into many different plots to contain hazardous waste, domestic waste. The burying plots may be a square with the rate of length and width is about 1:1 or a rectangular with the rate of length and width is about 2:1. Each plot can be selected according to designed capacity, and burying waste in the form of the book, therefore the operation time of individual plots will be short compared with the full-time operation of the burying area. - Burying tunnel: Hazardous Waste was buried in the burying tunnel as a percentage that length greater than its width, each burying tunnel may burying waste volume by designed capacity. Unlike burying plots, burying tunnel is continuously developed with the activities of synchronous opening, waste discharge, closing when waste is buried in the burying tunnel. Operation time of burying tunnel is longer than burying plots, usually monthly to yearly. Burying tunnel length is limited by size of the burying area. -Burying area: As burying area is developed out of its current area. Burying area is also developed continuously with the active opening, closing and pouring waste area. Burying area was selected to develop in this direction until depleted of its use of the burying area. Option for development of burying area has been making use of its use over burying tunnel and burying plot, but the difficult environment protection during the operation and large initial investment. 3.4.Scale, area of burying area. Scale, area of waste burying area has been identified on the basis of: The amount of hazardous waste arising currently and in future; the ability to recycle, treat waste before burying; land use planning. The construction ratio of the auxiliary facilities: road, dyke, warehouse, yard area, workshops, water drainage, buffer perimeter protection and other auxiliary facilities usually accounting for about 50% of its total area. The scale and area of the waste burying area may vary, but must ensure the burying whole waste in a region or an area according to the design capacity. Determination of the scale and area of a waste burying area needs basing on the amount of dangerous waste arising currently and in future, the ability to re-use and treat waste before disposal and land use planning. 4. Design and construction of waste burying area Design works. Burying area is a final destroyed area, so it must be designed according to standards provided convenient for control any problems of waste leakage into 48

129 the surrounding environment during operation, close area and after closing. There currently are 2 trends in design: The first tendency is to ensure the safety of the environment on the basis of using natural conditions, meaning that selection of locations where their natural conditions are favorable such as topography, local hydrogeology, geology of the match, ability to restrict the most leakage, distribute waste out of the environment. Thus, will reduce costs while building areas, can slightly decrease or eliminate maintenance work for burying area. The second trend is the use of "pre-casting burying plots, that is to use technical measures, technology building plots for containing hazardous waste, domestic waste, including lining layer and the bottom, the water leakage collecting system and absorbent detection systems. Although follow any trends, it is important to have accurate information about the topography, local hydrogeology, engineering geology of the waste burying area 4.2. Plane and security. Basing on the planned location of the burying area we need to pay attention to other factors such as topography, wind direction, surface flow direction, underground flow direction to arrange plots and tunnels or burying areas in accordance with its calculated area, auxiliary facilities: factories, warehouses, district hygiene, processing zones, zone check, the operating area, experiment area, protected areas; internal roads, lighting system, green trees, Buffer Area... Area of auxiliary facilities can occupy 15-50% of its total burying area for hazardous waste (which may refer to Figure 4) It is necessary to have a Buffer Zone around the area boundary road. In Buffer Zone we can plant trees or edge to play the role of shielding curtain for vision or sound, as well as the safety alignment in case there is the problem of waste leakage. Width of the screen and Buffer Zone (vision / noise) may vary, depending on the current status of the land use of nearby area, at the same time it must really meet the role of Buffer Zone for waste burying area. Should choose trees with broad canopy, rarely shed leaves, green all year round. Calculated height of trees with a minimum height of the area and burying cover must ensure a vision from the outside into the area, the width of the Buffer Zone should not be less than 20m. Waste burying area can have a system to protect rounds outside to prevent the people who have no duties or wild animals from entering the area 4.3. Project components. The constructions and equipment in the burying area hazardous wastes include: building where the administrative offices, a laboratory, wash tub area for workers, a lunch room; system tree; us The internal road; land area and contains material covered closed plot burying; Park interchange Hazardous 49

130 Waste in the village, burying plots; other devices including: vehicle weight stations, car washing stations, maintenance workshops, warehouses, systems collect and process garbage water, the system detects water leakage; system of water supply; system or process to prevent surface water; system monitoring environmental monitoring; system contact information; the store machinery, equipment every day after work and The protected Design and construction of burying plot for hazardous and domestic waste (burying plot here means independent plot or part of tunnel or of waste burying area) a) Document requirement. Plot for burying hazardous waste is the most important component in waste burying area. The plots burying Hazardous Waste (plot containing hazardous wastes) although designed by any method (burying plot or tunnel), any form (sunk or half sunk, half floating). In addition to the associated legal documents, it also can have a full basic financial data as follows: Material on topography, climate, hydrographic, geological features, hydrography and engineering geology. 50

131 figure 4: Example of a waste burying area 51

132 b) Management of surface water flows into waste burying plots and burying area. It is necessary to have appropriate measures to control and prevent surface water to spill the burying area. In case of water overflowing from the area of burying activities it needs to be collected separately, analyzed and if necessary must be processed and disposed as Hazardous Waste It is necessary to design and build the surrounding drain system around the waste burying area to prevent and collect surrounding surface water not to present in the burying area. In case of floating burying area, it is required to have the dykes around the burying area and the system collecting surface water not to spill out For each burying plot, to prevent surface water not flowing into plots, can apply measures to make sure the wall or embankment embrace plot. Height of the broad and dykes, walls must be designed to ensure that it is higher than the highest possible water level, and enough forces against the broken dike and water absorbent surface through the wall and dyke body c) Management of rain water into burying plots. At present, weather changing is complex, rainfall intensity and rainfall in mountainous areas of Vietnam has big changes both in space and time. There are sometimes large rainfalls reaching over 500 mm in a day and can last continuously for several days. Therefore, the limited amount of rain water into burying plots is very important and very complicated. The volume of rain water fell directly down the burying plots will generate a large quantity of garbage should be collected and processed To be able to restrict water from penetrating into the burying plot, it is necessary to design closed roof cover the whole set of plots in operation. Roofs can be designed and constructed according to many plans subject to specific conditions of each burying area and each selected burying option. The cover roofs can be designed as mobile on rails (see example in Figure 5). 52

133 Figure 5: Diagram of a waste burying plot with mobile roof d) Managing underground water flows in the burying plot and burying area. Depending on the selected location, here are cases that waste burying area is under the underground water level, then the underground water will flow into the burying plot causing difficulty for the construction of burying plots and can increase volume of garbage in the plot. Conversely, in case the bottom of burying plots are located above the underground water level, whereas water from garbage burying plots can be leakage into underground water. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the penetration of underground water in the burying plot and the leakage of water from garbage burying plots into underground water. To prevent the process of underground water penetrating in the plot selected, in real conditions in Viet Nam at present, can apply one of the following approaches: - Clay. - Cement. - shielding wall (shielding tunnel). - Or artificial lining layer. Prevention of waste water leakage to underground water layer may be by construction of anti-penetration layers (lining layer) at bottom and wall of burying plots 53

134 e) Engineering geology. In developing waste burying area we can consider principles of engineering geology when constructing dykes, shielding wall, slope stability, burying plots, roads and drainage system. Strength of the land base and burying plots can be identified through the analysis of geological factors, sampling, analysis and experiment in the room and outdoor (in accordance with guideline on foundation investigation of The Ministry of Construction). The slopes here at burying must achieve a minimum of 2% 4.5. Composition of a burying plots. Composition of a burying plot include: - Composition of burying plot base and wall. - Composition of cover layer. - System for collecting leakage water. - Gas discharge system. a) Composition of burying plot base and wall: Formed waste burying plots in burying area is very different, depending on the terrain conditions, geomorphy, local hydrogeology and engineering geology in the position where the burying area selected. All waste burying plots must be formed in a perfect way to completely eliminate the leakage of waste into the surrounding environment. Currently, there is no unite viewpoint of bottom structure and the (lining layer system) in each selected plot. Each country, each time there are different requirements and regulations (which may refer to create the class system and lining the bottom of the plot for burying hazardous waste from the United States, Canada in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). With the real conditions in Vietnam now that the bottom of the plot and burying hazardous waste should be matched with one of the following structure. * In case of burying area for Hazardous Waste is chosen in the place where the bottom of the plot and burying plot have thick layers of clay than 2m with the number 1 x 10-7 cm / s and the bottom of the plot burying only need of absorbent K specially lined single layer (see Figure 13), in particular: - Sand layer for collecting water leakage, thickness = 0.5 m. - Anti-penetration layer HDPE, thickness =1.5 mm. - Geotechnical layer. - Sand layer for detecting water leakage, thickness = 30 cm. - Geotechnical layer. - Natural clay layer with penetration factor K 1 x 10-7 cm/s, thickness > 2 m. * In case base and wall of the burying plots do not satisfy the above 2 factors (thickness of clay layer is < 2m or penetration factor K > 1 x 10-7 cm/s) then the base and wall of the burying plots should be consisted of a double lining layer (see Figure 14), concretely: - Sand layer for collecting water leakage, thickness = 0.5 m. - Anti-penetration layer HDPE, thickness =1.5 mm. - Geotechnical layer. - 2 nd Sand layer for detecting water leakage, thickness = 30 cm. 54

135 - 2 nd Anti-penetration layer HDPE, thickness =1.5 mm. - Geotechnical layer. - Reinforced compacted clay layer with penetration factor K 1 x 10-7 cm/s, thickness > 90cm. Hình 6 - Sơ đồ hệ t hống l ót kép bãi chôn l ấp chất t hải nguy hại của EPA (phương án 1 mô hình 1) Figure 6 Double filering system in harmful dumping site of EPA (Alternative 1 - Model 1) Figure 7 Double filering system in harmful dumping site of EPA (Alternative 2 - Model 2) 55

136 Figure 8 Section of double filering system in harmful dumping site of US - EPA 56

137 Figure 9 Section of disposal site of impemeable harmful wastes Figure 10 Section of surface cover at impemeable harmful wastes 57

138 Figure 11 Section of wall impermeable harmful wastes disposal site Figure 12 Section of bottom cove of impermeable harmful wastes disposal site 58

139 Figure 13 Structural section of wall of single harmful wastes disposal site appied in Viet Nam Figure 13a Structural section of bottom of harmful wastes disposal site Figure 13b Structural section of wall of harmful wastes with single cover 59

140 Figure 14 Structural section of wall of double harmful wastes disposal site applied in Việt Nam Figure 14a Structural section of bottom of disposal site using double cover Figure 14b Structural section of wall of disposal site using double cover 60

141 b) Lining material: Many different materials have been used of researched for lining for burying plots, including: - High Density Polyethylen (HDPE). - PVC plastic. - Butyl rubber. - Neoprene (chloroprene synthetic rubber). - Other types of Polyethylene (e.g. chlorinate, chlorosulfonate). If compared with other lining materials, now, Polyethylene is most preeminent over all. Polyethylene have good elasticity, load resistance, resistance against ties and tears, stabbing and high durability against corrosion by hazardous waste. It is needed to have m thick layer of sand covered on the liner material to collect garbage water leaked out and protect this layer during waste disposal process. * Lining soil: is soil layer below geotechnical cloth layer. It is more popular and efficient to make use of natural soil layer, of which the structure is not destroyed, as the lining soil. In case the natural soil layer at the bottom of dumping holes is not satisfactory in regards of standard for hazardous waste burying plot, it is necessary to make a layer of lining soil. * Other lining materials: Besides geotechnical cloth and clay, the following materials can be used as the lining layer: - Organophilic bentonite and compounds of Bentonite. - Cement grout. - Surface covering materials (asphalt). c) Collecting system of leakage garbage water (control of leakage garbage water): Normally, leakage garbage water collection is mainly done on the surface of the lining. The system includes tracks, pipes and sump pits which are reasonably arranged to ensure the full collection of leakage water to the treatment stations. This collector system consists of: - Leakage water collecting layer set at the bottom and wall of the burying plot and located on the anti-absorption lining. This layer must be at least 50 cm thick with the following characteristics: + Having at least 5% particle quantity with size mm. + Having absorbent coefficient as a minimum of 1 x 10-2 cm/s, More popular and efficient way is that the leakage water collector layer is constructed by sand particles with different particle content and it is arranged in the form of adverse filter (particle size is bigger when approaching collector and water pipes) 61

142 - Water collector piping is located on all sides in the collector layer (as above described), evenly distributed on the bottom of burying plot. This piping must meet the following requirements: + Pipe material must be compatible with the characteristic of hazardous waste. + Pipe inner surface is smooth. + Slope is 1.0% as a minimum. + The design, construction and density of pipe network and pipe diameter must ensure collecting all leakage water from garbage before the surface cover is applied. - The filtering layer surrounding the pipe collecting leakage water may be a layer of sandy land, with at least 5% of particles with size of m in diameter or a synthetic filter film with equivalent effectiveness and suitable material to prevent the movement of the fine particles down to the collector system while still ensuring water flowing down to collector system. The leakage water collecting system must be designed and installed so as to minimize the possibility of water accumulation at the bottom of burying plot. Materials selected to build leakage water collecting system must ensure sufficient durability in regards of both chemical and mechanical properties during operation, closure of disposal burying and after closure of disposal burying (see Figure 15.16). It is difficult to predict the characteristic of leakage water at a hazardous waste disposal burying. These characteristics can only be obtained through sampling and analyzing samples. 62

143 Figure 15 Scheme of single bottom cover system at harmful disposal site 63

144 Figure 16 Drainage system proposed for harmful disposal site figure a figure b 63

145 d) Surface cover: Surface cover of disposal burying isolates hazardous waste with environment on the surface; prevents rain and surface water from absorbing down to burying plots in order to reduce garbage water generated after closure of burying plots or burying area. On the other hand, the surface cover controls air relief from burying plots in order to maintain the development of plantation cover and create good looking landscape. Surface cover normally consists of the following layers: - Sand layer of cm thick, directly covering onto the last layer of hazardous waste. - Compressed clay layer covering the sand layer. Thickness of the clay layer is as big as possible, 0.6 m as a minimum, absorbent coefficient K 1 x 10-7 cm/s. - Geo-technical cloth layer of 1.0mm thick, directly covering onto the clay layer. - Sand layer on the geo-technical cloth layer, of 0.5 m thick as a minimum. This layer not only protects the cloth layer but also collects rain and surface water. - Soil layer, at least cm thick. - Plantation cover: protect against erosion. It is more favorable to grow grass or fasciculate rooted plants. Big sized trees or tap-rooted plants are not advisable as they may destroy the covering layer. Surface cover must have a minimum slope of 3-5% so that rain water can easily escape from the burying. Around the burying, it is needed to build collecting and drainage system of rain water, surface water and water from the sand layers covered on the surface of burying. The design and strengthening of the surface cover must pay attention to the surface settlement and other factors, such as exposure to weather conditions, stability of the slope... (see Figure 17). 64

146 Figure 17- Structure of proposed cover to harmful disposal site Hazardous waste contains small content of organic matters so gases arising during disintegration process are insignificant. However, gases can be generated from evaporable wastes which are unintended dumped at the burying. These gases will be accumulated under the surface layer, so this issue needs to be considered and solved. In the process of designing and construction of disposal burying, it is needed to consider installing gas collecting devices below the non-absorbent layer or in water collector tracks in leakage water collecting layer. However, this design may not be necessary if the amount of gases released, in prediction, is very low. Depending on the nature and quantity of gases generated, we can apply a number of processing methods such as burning if there are high concentrations of methane or evaporation in case of hydrocarbon Transporting waste into disposal burying Transporting waste into disposal burying is done by main contractor or contractor specializing in transportation. When transporting hazardous and life wastes into disposal burying, the transporter must complete all necessary procedures in 65

147 operating regulations of the burying such as: weighing to check quantity and types of waste, hazardous waste 6. Preparation to put hazardous waste into burying plots According to waste management regulations, hazardous and life wastes which can be buried must be classified, packed at the originating point or by the transporter. When gathering wastes at the assembly site of the burying, wastes will be put into burying plots by internal facilities with special design. 7. Arrangement of wastes in burying plots Arrangement of wastes in burying plots is done by special equipment systems, which can be mobile crane system designed integrally with mobile coverage frame. This system ensures operation in all weather conditions and minimizes rain and surface water running into plots. Waste needs to be compacted by mechanical rollers when waste is loaded in lifting machine and tamped in the plot into layers by using special device or tamping machine. After each day of operation (putting waste into plots) or after each 2m thickness of waste, perform covering by a soil layer with suitable moisture for tamping. This layer should have thickness of cm after tamping. Such coverage aims at isolating and preventing waste from surrounding environment, and reducing leakage of hazardous waste to the environment. Procedure of putting waste into plots is completed until all plots reach the designed thickness. At such time, the final coverage will be done as mentioned above. 8. Prevention and solutions of problems arising with burying area In Viet Nam, due to the frequent fluctuations of climate such as rains, storms which easily cause problems for burying areas. Every year, in Viet Nam, there is on average 10 storms with heavy rains. After several days, there can be more than 1000 mm rainfall, creating serious flooding. Hurricane winds are typically km/h, which can easily blow away big span covers, while heavy rain may flood the plots in use as well as erode the slope of the areas. This not only interrupts the operation of the burying but also causes bad impacts on environment due to polluted water flowing out to surroundings, spilling into the stream of water surface. Thus, prevention and measures to solve flooding and overflow problems of plots containing hazardous waste must be paid special attention to. The most effective solution is to prevent covers from being blown away, so water can not run into burying areas. When problems occur, it is necessary to quickly restrict rain water, surface water from flowing into the areas, isolate water in the burying so that it will not flow freely, then collect and perform treatment process. Such work must have the participation and cooperation of the emergency action teams of the locality or nearby community. 66

148 9. Environment monitoring program Main construction contractor or disposal burying management agency need to conduct an environment monitoring program both for the operation period and after closure of the burying. This program focuses on the physical movement of the burying, leakage of water from hazardous wastes, gas emissions, environment of surface and underground water. All monitoring metrics of the operation period and after closure of the burying should be noted and linked. All measurement and monitoring results should be reported on a frequent and regular basis to the state administration agency of environment. In addition to measurement results, we need to have a detailed demonstration on the operation of the anti-absorption systems, collection system of leakage garbage water, gas emissions Instruments, methods of monitoring, monitoring points must be consistent in the whole monitoring process. There can be changes only when they are demonstrated to be better. 9. Closure of disposal burying Disposal burying needs to be closed when the amount of waste has reached the designed volume. Main construction contractor or disposal burying management agency fail to continue operation of the burying due to other special reasons. The owner must notify about the time and plan of burying closure to the state environment management agencies. The closure of hazardous waste burying is done by putting covering layers on waste with soil layers and anti-absorption layers as specified in technical design. The request on burying closure needs to ensure the intactness and safety of burying maintained in a long period of time. When finishing closure, all equipment used in the operation area of burying should be washed to get rid of leavings and water from the cleaning process must be dealt with as waste. 10. Maintenance after burying closure Within 3-6 months since the closure of burying, the burying owner must report to the state management agency about the current situation of the burying. This report must be prepared by an independent organization specializing in environment. 67

149 Annex 14 GUIDELINE ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT MODEL 1. Waste water discharge - Numer of users (maximum): 4500 persons - Total waste water volume (maximum): 120l/head/day x 80% x persons => Q average = 432m 3 /day.night 2. Features of domestic waste water and treatment requirement 2.1. Features of domestic waste water: Domestic waste water of staff includes: daily use for drinking, cooking, bathing, sanitary... Thus, its common characteristics are organic substances, bacteria, these substances have original of Nitrogen, phosphorous Treatment requirement: Process thoroughly to ensure wastewater meet the standard for discharge water type B under TCVN before flows into Ma river. 3. Treatment method 3.1. Applicable treatment methods a) Preliminary treatment method: rubbish railing, regulating tank, double-sell tank, septic latrine. b) Treatment method level 1: - Mechanical treatment: standing, centrifugal, horizontal deposit cisterns - Chemical treatment: cisterns for isolation, reaction, and quantitative reconciliation mixed solution (ph balance, alum, glue auxiliary substances). c) Treatment method level 2: Mainly process by biological method including biology buffer, biological filter tower, Aeroten cistern, water fields, UASB... d) Treatment method level 3: absorb and sterilize waste water 3.2. Selection of treatment method a) Basis of selection: - Pursuant to the capacity of waste water per day and night. - Pursuant to the load of polluting substances in waste water. - Pursuant to the waste water standard according to TCVN Choose to process the mechanical + biological + sterilize treatment to eliminate completely the organic substances in waste water. b) Treatment option Central processing, the cistern components are built below ground elevation 0.00, the filtering systems will be put under the model of closed and in the underground building to ensure overall landscape. 68

150 2.1. Organization diagram of wastewater treatment system Option 1 Wastewater from septic tank (Preliminary collection and treatment) Wastewater from other sources (Bathing, washing.) Culvert system Wastewater from canteen (Preliminary collection and treatment) Check according to TCVN Central 1995 treatment Discharge to Ma river 3.3. Technology: Pumps, pumping waste water from concentration area shall be push through rabbish railing to deposit cistern 1. The deposit cistern 1 makes the deposit substances hanging in waste water to settle down at the bottom. Waste water pump 2 (P2) will suck post-deposit waste water out to the biological filter (Aeroten cistern), here waste water is mixed with O2 atmosphere thanks to the gas supply system (air compressor). The process of destroying the organic substances, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, NH4, mainly occurring in the Aeroten cistern. Waste water contains nutrients, organic absorb through the layers of biological material that are sticky and spongy, generating biological screen gradually destroy the organic substances in aerobic form. General principle: Waste oxygen Bacteria New bacteria + Product (CO 2, H 2 O, New unpolluted waste) Waste water through Aerroten cistern shall have components BOD, COD, SS of 70% reduction compared with the original load, function of NH4, total nitrogen, total phosphorus reduce by ~50%, NH4+ transfer to N. In the process of filtering through sticky materials in Aerroten cistern, a considerable part of microorganisim dead bodies, organic ephemera will drift along water flow, so there must be deposit cistern 2 for receiving microorganisim dead bodies Waste water is pumped from the deposit cistern 2 to biological absorb tower, here under conditions of no free oxygen, strong development and complete destroy N and NH4 and absorb in the Zeolit filter material, biological mattress or active coal. Waste water from the tower before entering target resources shall be sterilized with Ozone thoroughly in mix gutter. 69

151 Waste water discharge to Ma river shall meet standard TCVN for waste water type B * Advantages: - Small occupied area; - Low construction investment - Processing of waste water thoroughly and effectively; - Simple, low cost operation * Construction investment cost (excluding collection sewage system ): about VND 1.5 to 2.0 billion 2.2. Diagram technology waste water treatment activities Input waste water Rabbish Deposit Mud dissolved tank Biological Deposit Supply Absorb Mix gutter Sterize by Drain out to i 70

152 Figure appendix 71

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159 Picture 1-2: Status of camp area of Trung Son hydropower project 78

160 Picture 3: Status of Damsite area of Trung Son h dropo er project Picture 4: Status of road to Trung Son hydropower p oject 79