From atom to industry

Transcription

1 From atom to industry Energy Atomic Energy Commission Defence and Global Security Technologies for Information and Health Jean Pierre Le Roux, Deputy CEO 1

2 Clear strategies Defence and global security Energy (low carbon) Fundamental Research Technologies for information and health Training and dissemination of knowledge Technology development and transfer 2

3 Civilian CEA key figures 10,500 employees Budget: 1.9BN, including 840M in subsidies 3,293 scientific publications in 2005 (ISI base) 958 PhD students 305 priority patents filed 1250 delivered priority patents in portfolio 667 active partnership agreements with industries 364 current licence agreements 100 spin-off start-ups created from the CEA since 1984 Main shareholder of AREVA group 61,000 employees and 10.9BN in turnover (2006 data, unless otherwise specified) 3

4 CEA : Organization Alain Bugat Chairman and Chief Executive Officer General Management Jean-Pierre Le Roux Deputy CEO High Commissioner for Atomic Energy Bernard Bigot National Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Techniques 4 Operational Divisions 4 Functional Divisions Defence Nuclear Technological Research Fundamental Research Physical Life Sciences Sciences Risk Control Strategy and External Relations Information and systems management Human Resources and Training 5 Transverse Programmes NTE Security Materials Technologies for Health Nanosciences 4

5 CEA : local actor with the French Regions Nuclear sciences, software technologies, high performance computing, biomedicine Fontenay aux Roses Materials Le-Ripault, Valduc Le-Ripault Saclay Valduc Bruyères le Châtel Lasers and plasmas Cesta Grenoble Valrho Cadarache Micro/Nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Nuclear : Nuclear fuel cycle, waste management Valrho Fusion, fission Cadarache 5

6 Energy policy worldwide : new context, new challenges, new attitude Safety of supplies Rise in the price of oil and gas Sustainable development Awareness of the effects of global warming Low carbon technologies Public perception of nuclear power Convergence role for nuclear and renewable in the world energy mix Relaunch of civil nuclear power Increase in R&D for renewable energies 6

7 The energy mix in France 500 TWh Unit 58 (Civaux 2) TWh 10% Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) % Oil crisis 1973 Fossil Hydro Nuclear : Nuclear : 78 % of total energy production Thermal : 12 % Hydraulic, wind and photovoltaic : 10 % 12% 7

8 French energy policy and nuclear power Energy bill : 38.3 billion in 2005, or 2.26% of GDP (5 % in 1981) Rate of energy independance : 49,8 % in 2005 (26 % in 1973) 4th biggest energy consumer in the OECD (276.5 MTOE in 2005), France is only in the 27th place for CO2 emissions in relation to the GDP (2003, IEA) Competitive electricity for industry and for domestic consumers, characterised by stable prices Electricity production covering all national requirements and enabling France to be the leading electricity exporter in the world A network of nuclear power stations that makes France the second producer of nuclear-generated electricity in the OECD after the United States 8

9 Possible evolution of energy mix in France TODAY Tomorrow Energy mix balanced Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Renewable Renewables Nuclear H 2 Nuclear 9

10 Low carbon energy technologies CEA: develop technologies that contribute to widening the choice of the future energy mix in France within the framework of sustainable development and securing supplies, contribute to maintaining the French nuclear industry s leading position in the world: a major economic and technical challenge, implement a research strategy on NTE hydrogen and fuel cells, development of biomass, solar, photovoltaic and thermal energy sources, promote scientific excellence by ensuring national and international recognition of our teams, contribute to education and training in order to have the necessary skilled people available. 10

11 The Medium & Long Term Plan ( ) 2 broad fields in civilian activities Non-greenhouse gas emitting energy Technologies for information and health Fundamental Research: a sustained effort for the duration of the plan 11 segments including 5 in Fundamental Research Fundamental Research in energy Radiobiology nuclear toxicology Fundamental Research for industrial innovation Nuclear technologies for health and biotechnologies Large-scale research facilities 35 % % Research on nuclear wastes Optimisation of industrial nuclear use Nuclear systems of the future New Technologies for Energy (NTE) Micronanotechnologies Software and information system technologies 11

12 Support to the existing NPP, experimental and simulation tools Support and optimize nuclear industry at the request of industrial partners Increase competitiveness of nuclear power generated electricity: - Extend life time of reactors and major components, increase flexibility and plant availability, improve fuel performance Improve Nuclear Power Plants safety - Severe and basic accidents, periodic safety review - Optimize Spent fuel Reprocessing Technology: Reprocess higher burn-up UOX fuels and other types of fuels, lower the costs and the environmental impact Set up experimental facilities for tomorrow and develop simulation tools Development of the future generation of simulation tools From the microscopic behavior to the technological model (materials and mechanics, neutronics, fuel, thermal hydraulics) Updating nuclear experimental facilities Research reactors (Osiris, Orphee, ) and Hot labs (Atalante, LECI, LECA-Star..) Design and construction of the Jules Horowitz Reactor 12

13 2006: A new waste management law Using the results of scientific work done within the framework of 1991 law and following a public debate (Sept 05 to Jan 06), on High Level Long Life Radioactive waste A new waste management law (June 2006) : a national plan on radioactive materials and radioactive waste management (up-grading by Parliament every three years) a R & D program with a time schedule to implement this plan a step by step programme of HLLL waste management, including 3 complementary solutions : Partitioning-transmutation : R & D in the framework of Gen IV Systems (J. Chirac : prototype in 2020) Geological disposal for the final HL waste (operation in 2025) Intermediate storage for industrial flexibility A secured financing of radioactive waste management and R & D (Dedicated fund) 13

14 Future Nuclear Systems The CEA is preparing the medium and long term future, providing innovations for nuclear power production systems and fuel cycle Double-wall containment with ventilation and filtration system Inner refueling water storage tank EPR Core melt spreading area Containment heat removal system Four-train redundancy for main safeguard Le projet systems EPR Innovations in current systems - Prepare the Generation III reactor, EPR - A matured concept based on experience feed back of current PWRs, - Significant improvements in Safety - Studies of scenarios : research on plutonium and minor actinide management involving various kind of reactors (fast and thermal reactors) Innovations for future systems (Generation IV initiative) -Prepare and assess new generations of future nuclear energy systems (reactor and fuel cycle) respecting five fundamental criteria :. Economy and safety,. Save natural resources (extract most of the fuel energy),. minimize waste production (recycling and MA transmutation). reduce proliferation risks (Pu burning, closed cycle) -Include new applications such as hydrogen production and soft water production by desalinization E.U. Generation IV 14

15 New Technologies for Energy Research targets: low greenhouse gas emissions for transports and housing Hydrogen and fuel cells technologies Hydrogen production with a nuclear power plant studies High pressure hydrogen storage PEMC, SOFC and micro fuel cells Innovative process for biofuel production Solar cells technology Silicon and polymer cells Solar modules and systems Energy storage and efficiency Nanomaterials for energy Platforms Sushypro (Cadarache) for H 2 production Paclab (Grenoble) for fuel cells Ines (Chambery) for solar energy 15

16 Fundamental Research in energy Hosting of ITER project at Cadarache Start of the LHC Participation in GIS (Scientific Interest Groups): Climate, Environment and Society Physique des deux infinis Controlled nuclear fusion: support of the Iter project Contribute to understanding climatic variability and the impact of human activities on climate Build upstream research in the nuclear field Sciences of matter: understanding major questions on matter and universe 16

17 Fundamental Research for industrial innovation Participation in RTRA: Triangle de la Physique (The Physics Triangle) Nanosciences on the limits of nanoelectronics Support research in the field of nanosciences, between physics, chemistry and biology Understand the properties of materials, crucial in the development of new technologies Maintain and develop CEA s expertise in the field of cryomagnetics, accelerators and detectors 17

18 Micro-nanotechnologies Increasing importance of the Minatec centre, inaugurated mid 2006 Development of micro and nanotechnologies activity in connection with the Minalogic pôle de compétitivité Label Carnot obtained in 2006 Microelectronics: CMOS processes and devices in the framework of the Nanotec 300 programme, in collaboration with STM Advanced materials: Nanosmart Programme with SOITEC Post-Cmos technologies Microsystems: Technologies and components for IR imaging, integrated magnetic and passive components, micro sensors for industry and defence Biology and health systems: Integrated sensors for digital X and gamma-ray imaging, biochips Telecoms and communicating objects: Architectures and components for nomadic electronics 18

19 Software and information system technologies To become, at Saclay, one of the leading European centres for research in software and information system technologies Implementation of Digiteo labs cluster in partnership with the Inria, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Supelec, University of Paris XI Label Carnot obtained in 2006 The CEA is a founding member of the Digiteo RTRA (launched in October 2006) On-board and interactive systems Innovative hardware and software architectures Smart man-machine interactions Captors and signal processing Development of smart sensors Ionising radiation metrology (activity and dose): Henri Becquerel National Laboratory 19

20 Radiobiology-nuclear toxicology Coordination of radiobiological research since 1995 Integrated Risc-Rad project (FP6 Euratom, 29 partners, 11 countries) in the field of radiobiology and low doses Coordination of the Nuclear Environmental Toxicology programme With CNRS, Inserm, Inra and the Universities, since people x year > 400 publications Contributed to relaunching studies on toxicology at a national level Effects of ionising radiation in humans Characterise elements of response (including molecular and cellular level) Identify exposure markers and individual radiosensitivity Assess pathological risks and therapeutic possibilities (including cancer) Study genetic risks for future generations Toxic effects of elements used in nuclear research and industry Define incorporation ways of nuclear toxins into living organisms Evaluate modes of action of toxins and tolerance/detoxification Participation in international committees on radioprotection regulations 20

21 Nuclear-based technologies for health and biotechnologies Develop technologies for health from nuclear-based resources Cancéropôle (Cancer Research Centre) and Neuropôle (Neurological Research Centre) in the Ile-de-France region Coordination of the Emil network of excellence in molecular oncology imaging Genopole National Network of Genetic Resarch Centres (Evry and Rhône-Alpes). 3 Thematic applied research networks and 3 thematic research and care networks Iseult/Inumac: Franco-German R&D project for the development of high magnetic field molecular imaging (AII) Partnership for Structural Biology, new methods for innovative medicine Biomedical Imaging (in vivo) New imaging tools and methods Imaging of cognitive processes; nuclear medicine; tools for developing new drugs Micro & nano-technologies applied to health (in vitro) New global analysis methods (bio-analysis tools, biochips) New labelling strategies (development and improvement) Properties of Biomolecules (optimisation) High performance tools for structural studies 21

22 Defence and security Sustainability of nuclear deterrence guarantee the reliability and safety of nuclear warheads through simulation : development of detailed physical models construction of new facilities for validation of numerical models Tera 10 Supercomputer, AIRIX X- ray machine, Megajoule Laser facility (LMJ) Nuclear reactors for ships Design and maintain nuclear reactors for nuclear powered ships in the French navy: submarines) and the Charles de Gaulle Carrier Vessel Nuclear The RES (prototype test reactor ) is under construction at Cadarache (storage pool available since 2005 and the divergence of the reactor is scheduled for 2010) Fight against proliferation and BRNC Terrorism CEA is involved in ensuring compliance with the Non Proliferation Treaty and Comprehensive Nuclear Tests Ban Treaty Organization implementations CEA coordinates the interministerial programme to minimize terrorist threats (nuclear, radiological, biological and chemical threats) since 2005 with Institut Pasteur, Inra, IRSN, etc. 22

23 Very Large Research Facilities Participation to the construction, operation and funding of a few national and international large infrastructures GANIL Caen Saclay SOLEIL ORPHEE-LLB Grenoble ILL ESRF Key events: Inauguration of the Soleil synchrotron (end of 2006) Upgrade of the Orphée reactor from 2010 Construction of Spiral 2 (commissioning in 2010) Caen 23

24 Education and training CEA is strongly involved in education and training : 1,200 researchers-lecturers and experts are involved in teaching within higher education schools and Universities INSTN (Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires) created in 1956 jointly with the french Ministery of research and higher education: Nuclear energeering «Génie atomique», qualified to award 26 master s degree specialisations an 3 professional degree programmes European projects: ENETRAP (radioprotection), EMIL (molecular imaging), NEPTUNO (Nuclear European Platform of Training and UNiversity Organisations) Training courses: standard and specific (dismantling, reactors, safety, neutronics, waste management, ) Seminars and Summer schools, Doctoral programs. 24