LOCALIZATION. Studied area of km 2. located at 22 o 20 and 22 o 50 latitude south, and 42 o 00' and 42 o 40 longitude west

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1 GIS AND REMOTE SENSING SUPPORTED AQUACULTURE POTENTIAL DETERMINATION ALONG THE LOWER STRETCH OF THE SÃO JOÃO RIVER - RJ

2 LOCALIZATION The basin of the São João river is located at 22 o 20 and 22 o 50 latitude south, and 42 o 00' and 42 o 40 longitude west Studied area of km 2 Comprising an area of 2,113 km 2 and perimeter of 266 km;

3 OBJECTIVES Identify and evaluate the potential areas suitabel to development inland aquaculture in ponds at the coastal zone of the lower course of the São João river; Identification and location of polluting sources; Observe the influence of the sea on the river, the penetration of salt wedge in the rectified stretch and original course of the river and the stratification; Identify suitable areas available for aquaculture of the eurihalinas species Litopenaeus vannamei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Oreochromis niloticus.

4 METODOLOGY For this GIS study weused the software IDRISI Andes, developed by Clark University, USA. Pictures and maps were imported into the IDRISI using the Import module GEOTIFF / TIFF. The image were cut with the module Windows and reprojected to UTM zone 23-S with the module Project;

5 Images were adjusted to the working image by the module Resample, picking up at least 50 common points. Image: Brazil Project Topography, 2000 (SRTM, NASA). Environmental Protection Area of the basin of São João river Digitalized picture from EMBRAPA Aerofotogrametry 2001

6 For the implementation of supervised classification was necessary to use various combinations between 7 bands of Landsat images, using the Composite module, allowing interpretations and viewing: antropic area, mangroves, channals, etc

7 ABIOTIC FACTORS The choice of collection stations were made so as to include sites judged most representative, set with GPS in UTMs. The IP (Information Plan) of location of the collection stations were imported into the IDRISI ; We analyzed dthe following abiotic factors: water temperature, salinity, conductivity, ph dissolved oxygen, transparency and fecal coliforms.

8 The abiotic data way interpolated with the module Interpol, showing the trend of intermediate values between the stations of adjacent collection, and then reclassified with the module Reclass, assigning new values for each layer; It was agreed for the following weights and colors for IPs: 4 excellent (green ), 3 very good (blue ), 2 good (yellow ), 1 regular (red ) and 0 restricted (black ).

9 Model evaluation of potential areas for aquaculture Evaluation of areas suitable for aquaculture Restrictions Production factors Land use: planted areas Environmental factors Water Resources Access routes Diverse use Legal restriction Human use Pollution Soil Water Pasture Canavial Agriculture Soil quality Land Agricultural capability Salinity Temperature ph dissolved oxygen Freshwater Saltwater Roads Vicinal routes Topography Rivers and channels Sea Lake Access routes Biological Reserve Protection areas: - riparian vegetation, - mangrove, - forest, - bush vegetation Urban area Urban expansion area Settlements Alcohol plant Sewage

10 SUITABILITY FOR AQUACULTURE Land use We assume as most suitable areas for aquaculture, land already prepared, productive areas and flat land. Type Description Classes Agriculture Productive areas, flat land, and fertile soil 4 Field/ pasture Field (flat land) 4 Canavial Productive areas (flat land) 3 Shrub vegetation Not priority area 2 Mangrove Preservation area 1 Forest Preservation area 1 Elevations / hill Topografia 1 Urban areas Antropic areas 1

11 Soil Soil quality Type Classes GPS1 Gley humic, solodic, tiomorphic 4 GPa2 Gley little humic, alic, dystrophic 3 PVa4 Podzoil and latosoil 2 PVd4 Podsoil, alico 2 Digitalized picture from EMBRAPA HPd1 Podzoil hidromorphic 2 LVa4 Latossoil, alic 2 Soil with moulding characteristics for pound construction are considered more suitable PAa2 Podzoil yellow alic 1 PEe1 Podzoil eutrophic, Cambissoil il 1 construction are considered more suitable.

12 Agricultural fitness Type Classes 2(b)c Regular agriculture 4 3(bc) Restrict t agriculture 3 5(n) Natural grass land 2 6 Without agricultural suitability 1 Digitalized picture from EMBRAPA Most suitable areas are land already prepared, productive areas and flat land.

13 Ideal and range of water quality for the proposed species. Species Salinity Temperature ph oxygen Classes L. vannamei , e e ,5-7 e 7, e e ,5 6,5 e 8 8, < 5 e > 50 < 21 e > 37 < 5,5 e > 8, M. rosenbergii e O. niloticus , e ,5-7 e 7, e ,5 6,5 e 8 8, > 10 < 18 e > 37 < 55 5,5 e > 85 8, In accordance by literature

14 Water Salinity L. vannamei For eurihaline species the suitable areas are near the sea; for freshwater species close rivers and creeks. M. Rosenbergii e O. niloticus

15 Temperature ph Acid soil and turf.

16 Dissolved oxygen L. vannamei M. Rosenbergii e O. niloticus

17 Water Rerources São João river (m) Canals and ditches (m) Classes Freshwater Acima de Acima de Distance of water caption, pump and eletrical consumption.

18 Saltwater mar (m) Classes Distance of ideal salt water caption and costs.

19 Infrastructure R d and Roads d access routes Primary access (m) Secundary access (m) Classes Above Above Facilities of the site access.

20 RESTRICTIONS FOR AQUACULTURE Topography Range (m) Classes Above 15 1 Inclination above 15% restricts site development p for aquaculture.

21 Hydric resources Roads and access routes Restriction of river and channels surface area and buffer of 30m of each side of all access routes.

22 Legal Restrictions Areas of environmental preservation Biological Reserve Preservation Areas Forest Connectivity Riparian vegetation Volcano Mangrove

23 Margin river band Law N o /09/65 New Forest Code: 30m under 10m 50m 10 50m 100m m 200m m 500m above 600m

24 Human use Urban area and expansion settlements Assume an buffer of 2km

25 Pollution Alcohol plant and sewage Assume an buffer of 3km for Alcohol plant 2km from the Assume an buffer of 3km for Alcohol plant 2km from the sewage detection points.

26 Modeling Total viable area: km 2, which corresponds to 20.4% of the total studied area of km 2

27 Crossing of Information 1/9 1/7 1/5 1/ Extremely Strongly Moderately Equally Moderately Strongly Extremely Less important More important The purpose of weights is to express the importance or preference of each criterion relative to other criteria. Each criterion can be assigned a specific weight that reflects it importance relative to other criteria under consideration: pasture, canavial, agriculture, access, water caption (salt and freshwater), soil types and physicalchemical of water (temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, ) C i i ih l h d i l hi h h Consistency ratios with values near zero show good consistency, values higher than 1,0 indicate that the relative importance comparisons should be reconsidered.

28 MODEL OF POTENTIAL CULTURE L. Vannamei AT THE LOWER STRETCH OF THE SÃO JOÃO RIVER - RJ PASTURE CANAVIAL AGRICULTURE 0, ,11 MCE LAND USE 006 0,06 0,41 PRIMARY ACCESS SECUNDARY ACCESS 0,70 0,30 MCE WAYS OF ACCESS 0,07 MCE FEASIBLE SITES FRESHWATER CAPTION DISTANCE TO SEA 005 0,05 0,95 MCE WATER RESOURCES 0,72 TYPE OF SOIL LAND AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY 0,40 0,60 MCE SOIL 0,35 DETERMINATION AREAS FOR L.vannamei SALINITY 0,58 MCE ENVIRON- MENT 0,15 TEMPERATUE 0,15 ph 0,11 MCE WATER 0,65 THEMATIC MAPS DISSOLVED OXIGEN 0,16 SPATIAL ANALYSIS SUB-MODELS

29 Litopenaeus vannamei (White shrimp) It has been identified a total area of ha, and stipulated only patches over 15ha so total available suitable areas = 667 ha, where was considered: very good 180 ha; good 487 ha.

30 MODEL OF POTENTIAL CULTURE M.rosenbergii and O.niloticus AT THE LOWER STRECH OF THE SÃO JOÃO RIVER - RJ. PASTURE CANAVIAL AGRICULTURE 0,48 0,11 MCE LAND USE 0,06 0,41 PRIMARY ACCESS SECUNDARY ACCESS 0,70 0,30 MCE WAYS OF ACCESS 0,07 MCE FEASIBLE SITES FRESHWATER CAPTION DISTANCE TO SEA 0,90 0,10 MCE WATER RESOURCES 0,72 TYPE OF SOIL LAND AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY 0,40 0,60 MCE SOIL 0,50 DETERMINATION AREAS FOR M.rosenbergii e O. niloticus SALININITY 0,06 MCE ENVIRON- MENT 0,15 TEMPERATURE 0,35 ph 0,27 MCE WATER 0,50 THEMATIC MAPS DISSOLVED OXIGEN 0,32 SPATIAL ANALYSIS SUB-MODELS

31 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Giant freshwater prawn) There where stipulated only patches over 15ha total available suitable areas = ha, where was considered: excellent 878 ha; very good ha.

32 Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia). There were disconsidered patches under 1ha total available suitable areas = ha, where was considered: excellent ha; very good 1062 ha.

33 CONCLUSION Pollution sources : 3 points were identified with high rates of faecal coliform close the urban zone.

34 Influence of the sea Ref. results of physical- chemical analysis, the sea has an influence until 14 km from the sea. By salt water influence we can observe typical estuarine vegetation (mangrove); IV III VII mangue I II

35 Identification of suitable areas for aquaculture Application of techniques of geoprocessing contributed significantly to the analysis and identification of suitable areas for aquaculture; The integration of various types of data, remote sensing (satellite images, import and digitalizing cartographic products and field survey), has shown itself as an efficient and accurate tool, allowing the location of viable areas for the cultivation of the proposed species. The LANDSAT 7 Satellite Images allowed the mapping of land use and development of this work; The IDRISI GIS software proved to be an effective tool, quickly and reliably, which has seen through its modules for georeferensing, the mathematical model, the classification and creating Plans of Information and thematic maps of the suitable areas for aquaculture; The efficiency of the results of this work and methodology used in GIS can be verified on site, of grow-out facilities for L. Vannamei and the future expansion areas of aquaculture farms actually in licensing.

36 Thanks