Energy-efficiency and sustainability in buildings. Can we have both?

Transcription

1 Energy-efficiency and sustainability in buildings. Can we have both? Anders Adlercreutz architect, Member of Parliament Our buildings constitute about half of our national wealth. This is a substantial amount of money and wealth. Therefore, we cannot be negligent when dealing with our buildings. It is about money, but also about identity and functions. A functioning building stock is key in assuring a well working society and in assuring that the necessary functions can be executed safely and appropriately. 1

2 This is no minor matter - over half of our national property is in our buildings. It is a huge part of our national heritage, about how our society works. 2

3 Why are we here? 3

4 COP21 80% reduction by 2050 Through the Paris Agreement, we have committed ourselves to cutting down our emissions. We have committed ourselves to become carbon neutral by the year This is a big challenge, but also a big opportunity. As Vasa more than any city has shown. Vasa has the biggest carbon handprint of all Nordic cities. 4

5 COP21 Carbon neutral by 2045 And 2050 might not be enough, we will have to speed up the process. Some say that a reduction of 130% is needed by Minister of Environment Kimmo Tiilikainen said 2045 should be the target for neutrality. 5

6 What is sustainable? So what is sustainable? And why does it matter how we build? What is sustainable building anyway? We can approach it from several angles. It is about how we build, what we build, how we use our buildings. 6

7 50% The building industry consumes 50% of the primary resources in Europe, more than any other sector. 7

8 50% Building and demolishing buildings produces 50% of our waste. 8

9 40% 40% of our emissions are related to our buildings, and this ratio is increasing all the time as we build more. 9

10 10% 10% of our emissions are related to the production of building material. 90% of these emissions relate to the production of concrete and steel. 10

11 So you might have thought that you came here to discuss energy and building. Think again. You came here to save the world. And if we want to do it, there is one solution above others. 11

12 Wood is a different beast 12

13 1,8 x CO2 1 kg of dry wood binds 1,8 kg of carbon. 13

14 30000 kg CO2 The average Finnish detached house built in wood binds 30 tons for carbon from the atmosphere. 14

15 10 years of driving It equals 10 years of driving. 15

16 125 93,75 62,5 31, ,25 CO2 CO2 kg // m2 ulkoseinää outer wall Wood Puu Steel Teräsranka frame Brick Tiiliseinä wall Light Leca-harkko concrete Sandwich source: (Lähde: RT and RT ja Metsäteollisuus ry) Wood binds carbon, also during the production process. 16

17 The carbon footprint of a wooden building is half than that of a concrete building. The more wood we use, the easier it will be to reach the goal and the requirements of the Paris Agreement. Wood binds carbon. Additionally, the energy that the wood product industry use comes mainly from by-products of the production processes. Dia 20 17

18 The carbon footprint of a wooden building is considerably lower than that of a concrete building. It is half. Wood is a carbon sink, and in addition to that, the energy that the wood industry uses is to a significant extent created as a byproduct from the production process. 18

19 And we are all prepared for this challenge, because one day of growth in our forests equals the amount that our building industry uses in a year. 19

20 In 29 seconds, our forests in Finland produce tree material equivalent of a 6-story apartment building. 20

21 10 hours of tree growth is enough to cover the need for material for all housing production in Finland, if all apartment buildings were built of wood. 21

22 E At present, we evaluate the energy-efficiency of a building through a theoretical measure, the E-measure, which to a large extent is derived from what we call the U-value. But this doesn t have very much to do with actual energy efficiency or sustainability, as we soon will see. 22

23 E Instead of analyzing the theoretical use of heating energy, we should look at the whole building life cycle, from the time a product or a material is produced, or grown, through the building process, the use of the building, to it being recycled. That would measure true resource efficiency, true sustainability. 23

24 Where are we now? But how do we build today then? 24

25 Old building, gravity-based ventilation. 25

26 70's 26

27 80's 27

28 The mantra today is maximized insulation, together with ventilation machineries. And the whole energy-efficiency is very much dependent on the heat-gathering-ratio of the ventilation machine. 28

29 And at the same time the whole concept of building has changed. Before you could handle it yourself. 29

30 Not so much anymore. 30

31 million m3 District heating (kwh/m3) Insulation-regulation becomes law in 1976 Where has this taken us as far as energy efficiency goes? An apartment house built 100 years ago consumes as much energy as one built 100 years later. We have not advanced at all. 31

32 Schools Daycare Schools linear DC linear The same with daycare-centres and schools. 32

33 And at the same time how we build has changed. This used to be how we build. 33

34 This is how it is done today. Many materials. None of them recyclable. Most of them toxic. 34

35 What have we achieved with these changes? 35

36 What have we achieved with these changes? 36

37 What have we achieved with these changes? 37

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