Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas

Transcription

1 Otto-Berndt-Straße Darmstadt / Germany Phone: Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas P. Ohlemüller, M. Reitz, J. Ströhle, B. Epple 9 th Trondheim Conference on CO 2 Capture, Transport and Storage Trondheim, Norway June 2017

2 Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) N 2 CO 2 to compression Air Reactor Me x O y Fuel Reactor Fuel Me x O y-1 Air Advantages: No contact of fuel and air (inherent capture no energy penalty) Low cost Steam / Recycled CO 2 (optional) Challenges: Low reactivity of methane Highly reactive oxygen carrier (cost!) High inventory in fuel reactor High solids circulation TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 1

3 Motivation Previous work: CLC of gaseous fuels tested up to 150 kw th fuel power Oxygen carrier produced in laboratory Source: Eurosupport This study: Oxygen carrier produced in semi-industrial scale (by Eurosupport) First CLC of gaseous fuel in 1 MW th scale TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 2

4 CLC Pilot Plants (Gaseous Fuels) IFP/Total 10 kw th Chalmers 10 kw th air reactor TU Wien 120 kw th air reactor off gas fuel reactor off gas SINTEF 150 kw th TU Darmstadt 1 MW th Air reactor Fuel reactor upper loop seal steam sec. air fuel reactor internal loop seal L-valve prim. air steam fuel lower loop seal steam TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 3

5 1 MW th Reactors Air Reactor Fuel Reactor Air Reactor Fuel Reactor Inner diameter 0.6 m 0.4 m Outer diameter 1.3 m 1.0 m Height 8.66 m m Fuel Reactor Air Reactor TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 4

6 Experimental Setup Fuel: previously coal now natural gas TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 5

7 Evaluation Parameters Standard parameters: Methane conversion CO 2 yield X CC4 = 1 (n CC 4 ) ffff rrrrrrr eeeeeee (n CC 4 ) ffff rrrrrrr ffff Y CC2 = CC 2 ii ffff rrrrrrr eeeeeee TTTTT C tt ffff rrrrrrr Problems: Composition of natural gas Flue gas recirculation (CO 2, CH 4, O 2 ) Component Mol.-% CH C 2 H C 3 H CO N 2 /others 0.83 New parameters defined for 1 MW th tests TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 6

8 Evaluation Parameters FR gas conversion X FF = 1 OOOOOO dddddd, ffff rrrrrrr eeeeeee Oxxxxx dddddd, ffff rrrrrrr ffff X FF = 1 mmmmm fffff (2 CC CC H 2 O 2 ) ffff rrrrrrr eeeeeee mmmmm fffff (2 CC C 2 H C 3 H 8 O 2 ) ffff rrrrrrr ffff Global air/fuel ratio λ = (n O 2 ) aaa rrrrrrr ffff (n O 2 ) aaa rrrrrrr cccccccccc (n O 2 ) nnnnnnn ggg dddddd OC circulation OO cccc = OOOOOO dddddd ffff rrrrrrr(ffff eeeeeee) mmmm/oooooooo mmmm TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 7

9 Oxygen Carrier Campaign Material Total duration CLC operation (h) (h) C1 C28* / C28RW C2 C28 / C28RW / ilmenite *CaMn Mg 0.1 Ti O 3-δ (spray-dried by Eurosupport) C kg C28-RW 600 kg TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 8

10 Results of Campaign C1 Lambda [-], X FR [-], Power [MW] Lambda Fuel conversion Power time [h] 6 h reference point (steady-state) Autothermal operation TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 9

11 C1 Comparison with Vienna plant Lower FR inventory in 1 MW th plant Good accordance with trend 100 Source: TU Wien 100 Source: TU Wien methane conversion, CO2 yield [%] MW th 120 kw th XCH4 X CH4 Y CO2 YCO2 methane conversion, CO 2 yield [%] MW th 120 kw th XCH4 X CH4 Y CO2 YCO specific FR inventory [kg/mw] lambda [-] TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 10

12 C1 Post Oxidation Channel O 2 injection H 2 O injection Length of POC: 2.4 m Gas velocity: 22 m/s Residence time: 0.1 s Fuel Reactor Heat Exchanger Parameter Unit FR cyclone Downstr. POC CH 4 Vol.-% (dry) CH 4 conv.: 99 % CO Vol.-% (dry) O 2 Vol.-% (dry) Temperature C TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 11

13 C1 Particle Loss High elutration due to low sepration efficiency of FR cyclone Real particle loss dependent on cut-off diameter Sieving of filter material fresh Filter FR Filter AR Losses (wt.-%/h) Entrained < 63 µm < 40 µm Filter FR Filter AR Total Sorbent life time: ~500 h TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 12

14 Results of Campaign C2 Lambda [-], X FR [-], Power [MW] Start of ilmenite feed Lambda Fuel conversion Power time [h] Significantly lower performance after start of ilmenite feed TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 13

15 Conclusions First CLC operation with natural gas in 1 MW th scale Sussessful operation with semi-industrially produced OC C28 (higher reactivity than ilmenite) Post oxidation and flue gas recirculation successful Gas conversion of ~80 % comparable to other CLC units (limited by low FR inventory and low OC/fuel ratio) improvement possible OC life time of ~500 h (losses <40 µm) improvement possible TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 14

16 Acknowledgement SUCCESS (Scale Up of oxygen Carrier production and fluidized bed system for Chemical looping combustion using Environmentally SuStainable materials) TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 15

17 Thank you for your attention! TCCS-9 Jochen Ströhle Operation of a 1 MW th Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 16