Sisimiut Greenland, 5000 people

Transcription

1 Sisimiut Greenland, 5000 people This exercise is challenging you to find a sustainable solution for the wastewater handling in Sisimiut. Imagine you should plan the development of the sewage systems over a period of at least 10 years maybe years. Maybe you will conclude that the current wastewater handling is good enough giv en the situation in Sisimiut or maybe you think that the wastewater handling could be optimized to yield a more sustainable system; ie: a system that has less negative impact on the environment, where you utilize or recycle some of the resources in wastewater and organic household waste and even produce vegetables in Sisimiut? Maybe you can produce energy or other useful products from the wastewater and waste resources. Remember there is no right answer, but there are many different systems and/or combination of systems that can be considered. You should use what you know about the current wastewater handling and infrastructure as a base. With this background suggest what type of treatment is needed before discharge. Then try t outline a system or systems that can meet your requirements. The following slides give you some background information. You may need to supply the information with your own inquiries.!1 January 11, 11

2 Sisimiut Greenland, 5000 people?? on «Honey buckets» A number of houses (you can probably find out how many) in Sisimiut are still using «Honey buckets». What alternatives would you suggest for these houses.!2 January 11, 11

3 Blackwater collection and discharge Sewage outlet The honey buckets collected with a tractor and a vacuum tank are emptied at the «Chocholate factory» the blue building in the picture. The excreta is discharged untreated.

4 Sisimiut - greywater outlet winter 13!4 January 11, 11

5 15 Sisimiut - greywater outlet summer!5 January 11, 11

6 Sisimiut - greywater handling Frozen greywater 12!6 January 11, 11

7 Centralized systems Water pipe!7 January 11, 11

8 Wastewater handling in Greenland Centralized systems Wastewater is led untreated to the recipients everywhere in Greenland This goes for both black wastewater (toilet waste) and gray wastewater (wastewater from kitchen, bathroom and washing facilities) 30% of the Greenlandic residences were not connected to sewerage in Wastewater pipes 2001!8 January 11, 11

9 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Sisimiut - sewers and sewer outlets Sewer outlets!9

10 Blackwater discharge 10!10 January 11, 11

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12 Accumulation of unwanted substances in the food chain!

13 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Greywater 14!13 January 11, 11

14 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Sisimiut - sewers Sewer outlets!14

15 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Sisimiut - waste incineration Sewer outlets The waste incineration plant in Sisimiut is located close to the «Chocholate factory»!15

16 Sisimiut Greenland, 5000 people This exercise is challenging you to find a sustainable solution for the wastewater handling in Sisimiut. Imagine you should plan the development of the sewage systems over a period of at least 10 years maybe years. Maybe you will conclude that the current wastewater handling is good enough giv en the situation in Sisimiut or maybe you think that the wastewater handling could be optimized to yield a more sustainable system; ie: a system that has less negative impact on the environment, where you utilize or recycle some of the resources in wastewater and organic household waste and even produce vegetables in Sisimiut? Maybe you can produce energy or other useful products from the wastewater and waste resources. Remember there is no right answer, but there are many different systems and/or combination of systems that can be considered. You should use what you know about the current wastewater handling and infrastructure as a base. With this background suggest what type of treatment is needed before discharge. Then try t outline a system or systems that can meet your requirements. The following slides give you some background information. You may need to supply the information with your own inquiries.!16 January 11, 11

17 Single home - source separation * Low flush vacuum, gravity, urine diverting X!17 January 11, 11

18 Single home - source separation * Low flush vacuum, gravity, urine diverting * Dry/composting * Compact greywater treatment - inhouse (biofilter, membrane...) - outside (biofilter, infiltration...) X!18 January 11, 11

19 NORGES MILJØ OG BIOVITENSKAPLIGE UNIVERITET (NMBU) Institutt for miljøvitenskap (IMV) Compact greywater treatment system BOF < 5 mg/l SS < 2 mg/l E.coli 2-3 log reduction!19 Heistad (2015)

20 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Package treatment plants Membrane bioreactor systems (MBR s) +Compact - High energy consumption!20

21 WINTER: Stored heat is extracted from the ground Heyerdahl et al LT Bolig solvarmet hele året MT HT MT LT Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet!21

22 Source separation in apartment Wastewater handling in Greenland houses? Wastewater is led untreated to the recipients everywhere in Greenland This goes for both black wastewater (toilet waste) and gray wastewater (wastewater from kitchen, bathroom and washing facilities) * Low flush vacuum, gravity, urine diverting * Local or centralized greywater treatment 30% of the Greenlandic residences were not connected to sewerage in 2001!22 January 11, 11

23 Source separation in apartment Wastewater handling in Greenland houses? Wastewater is led untreated to the recipients everywhere in Greenland This goes for both black JetsTM wastewater (toilet waste) and gray wastewater (wastewater from kitchen, bathroom and washing facilities) * Low flush vacuum, gravity, urine diverting * Local or centralized greywater treatment New dual flush noiseless vacuum toilets 30% of the Greenlandic residences were not connected to sewerage in 2001!23 January 11, 11

24 New possibilities - Sisimiut Thermophilic anaerobic Kildesep prinsipp treatment - BIOGAS CHP - combined heat and power Waste incinerator Heat El. OHW BW CO2 Heat Nutrients!24 Growth medium January 11, 11

25 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Sisimiut - sewers and sewer outlets Sewer outlets!25

26 Wastewater discharge to arctic waters problems?! Nutrients?! Organic matter?! Pathogens?! Organic micropollutants? Sewage outlet * Medicine residues * POP s Hospital Ulkebugten Sisimiut Higher concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria close to the outlet from the hospital (Project Maribact)

27 Wastewater discharge to arctic waters problems?! Nutrients?! Organic matter?! Pathogens?! Organic micropollutants? Sewage outlet * Medicine residues * POP s Hospital Ulkebugten Sisimiut It has been shown that hormones for instance affect fish at remarkably low concentration (1,0 ng/l) (Routledge et al., 1998, Purdom et al., 1994)

28 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Sisimiut - sewers Treatment? No treatment?!28

29 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Greywater collection & treatment Treatment? No treatment?!29

30 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV) Petter D. Jenssen Greywater collection & treatment Sandfilter+ biochar Filter + biochar!30