Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System 3RS Project and EIA Updates

Transcription

1 Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System 3RS Project and EIA Updates Talk for HKIE Environmental Division 19 December

2 Agenda 3RS project progress update EIA update - Chinese White Dolphin - Marine Ecology - Noise - Air Quality - Health Impact Assessment 2

3 Progress of 3RS Planning Approval Implementation Environmental Impact Assessment studies Associated design details Funding options Environmental permit Financial arrangement Other statutory requirements Detailed designs Land formation Construction of related facilities About 2 years* About 1 year* About 8 years* *Indicative timeline that is subject to changes 3

4 Progress of EIA and Scheme Designs Items EIA Progress Final stage Scheme designs - Land formation - T2 expansion - Passenger concourses and related facilities for three-runway system - Completed - In progress - In progress 4

5 3RS Project Progress Update

6 Overview of Three-Runway System North Commercial District 6

7 Key Facts for Third-Runway Concourse Parking Stands : 106 (61 frontal and 45 remote) Annual Passenger Capacity : Year 2023 : 30 million Year 2030 : 50 million Gross Floor Area : 500,000 m 2 approx. Planned Construction Timing : Start: Year 2019 Completion: Year 2023 (Initial Phase) Green Design : BEAM Plus Gold Standard Certification Target Passive energy design, energy efficient chiller systems, green courtyards, water reduction strategies etc. 7

8 Third-Runway Concourse Overview Terminal 2 Expansion 8

9 Third-Runway Concourse Overview TRC 9

10 Third-Runway Concourse Key features: Passenger experience High efficiency State-of-the-art technology A green concourse 10

11 TRC Connectivity 1. Automated People Mover (APM) Total length : Approx 3.6km T2 to TRC East Hall ~2.7km TRC East Hall to West Hall ~ 0.9km Top speed : 80 km/hr APM T2 2.7 km 0.7 km TRC-East Hall TRC-West Hall 0.9 km 1.0 km 11

12 TRC Connectivity 2. High speed baggage transportation system for TRC to T2 High capacity design to cater future demand Top speed : 7-9 m/s More features when compared with existing system in T1: - Provide much better baggage in-system tracking - Trays can transport most of oversize bags within the system Category Departures Arrivals Transfer Baggage Handling Volume 5,500 bags/hr 7,000 bags/hr 2,000 bags/hr 12

13 Baggage Handling System and Bag Hall Baggage System T2 bag hall TRC bag hall Overall Width 90m Departure Level Arrival Level Apron Level Bag Hall 13

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15 Passengers Experience Departures Level 15

16 Courtyard Arrivals Level 16

17 EIA Updates 17

18 Three-runway System EIA Study Brief 1st EIA for a transport infrastructure project to require consideration of health impacts (aircraft noise/ emissions) Covering 12 environmental aspects: Ecology (Terrestrial and Marine Ecology, including Chinese White Dolphins) Noise Air Quality Health Impact Assessment (Air Emissions and Aircraft Noise) Fisheries Hazards to Human Life Water Quality Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Waste Management Land Contamination Landscape and Visual Cultural Heritage 18

19 Chinese White Dolphins 19

20 Chinese White Dolphins (CWDs) Analysis of AFCD long-term data Dolphin numbers in North Lantau declined from 1996 to 1998 Rebounded to near original abundance from 1999 to 2001 Evidence of a decline since 2001 Recent years looks more positive Data gap concerning CWD use in the airport area CWD field surveys have been proposed to cover data gaps. Map extracted from AFCD Monitoring of Marine Mammals in Hong Kong Waters (Final Report) (1 Apr Mar 2013) 20

21 Small Vessel Line Transect Survey Findings (Oct 2012 Sep 2013) 2,553 km and 48 number of vessel-based surveys 62 groups of 215 individual dolphins were sighted during the surveys Dolphins distributed throughout the entire survey area Dolphin density in the vicinity of 3RS reclamation is much lower than the average density for the Northwest and West Lantau (data from AFCD) Vessel survey transect lines (blue, green, and purple lines) and dolphin sightings (red dots) obtained. Data included both on and off effort. 21

22 Vessel Line Transect Surveys Summary of Findings Group size distribution Ranging in size from 1-14 Average group size = 3.5 Similar to AFCD long term results Group Size Distribution of Dolphin Groups Seen from the Vessel Survey Photo-identification 46 different individuals were identified Re-sightings of some individuals (NL 179 and NL 288) up to 3-7 times, mostly in Airport North region Suggests that a significant number of individual CWDs have been using the survey areas to the north and west of airport and as part of their home ranges Typical home range of CWDs:135 +/ km2 (39 339km2) 22

23 Proposed 3RS Footprint in Relation to CWDs Individual Range From Hung AFCD report Many dolphins have ranges with core areas in NEL, NWL and WL 3RS area is used by many dolphins for travelling among these core areas These ranges likely underestimate the portion in PRC waters 23

24 Vessel Line Transect Surveys Summary of Density and Abundance in the Study Area Comparison of Recent Density and Abundance Parameters between the Surveyed Regions and Broader Study Area in Hong Kong ( g ) Area Airport Year(s) 2012/ Season All Average Group Size North 2013 seasons Airport 2012/ All West 2013 seasons Northeast 2012 All Lantau seasons Northwest 2012 All Lantau seasons West 2012 All Sighting Rate (No./100 km) Density (No. /100 km 2 ) Abundance CV (1) Source Ai t 2012/ Wi t Thi This study t d This study AFCD dataset AFCD dataset AFCD Lantau seasons dataset Southwest 2012 All AFCD Lantau seasons dataset Note (1): CV is the coefficient of variation, a measure of variance. * Abundance is a snapshot of average numbers of CWDs in area during a time period Densities of survey areas appear to be moderate/low CCD 24

25 Summary of Land Based CWDs Survey Findings (12 Oct Sep 13) PAM sites First dolphin sighting All vessel positions 101 groups of dolphins were tracked during hours of landbased theodolite monitoring surveys 25

26 Summary of Land Based CWDs Survey Findings (12 Oct Sep 13) All dolphin group tracks (with trackline example at Station A only) More directional movement (travel) north of the airport than to west (increased foraging) 26

27 Summary of Land Based CWDs Survey Findings CWDs used the waters to the west of Airport in the morning, to the north/northeast mostly at mid-day and towards Sha Chau between mid-day and in the afternoon CWDs are observed less in areas where high speed vessel traffic is high CWDs swam faster and in more linear fashion at mid-day and in the afternoon, especially off Airport North CWDs swam slower and in a less linear fashion in the morning and off Airport West 27

28 Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) (6 Dec Sep 13) A5 A2 A3 A4 A1 28

29 Progress of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Several PAM sites show clear differences in number of detections per time of day, with more detections at night than during daytime at the north of the airport Dolphin whistle: Sound from Dolphin Echolocation: Example of dolphin whistles recorded at location A1 Example of dolphin clicks recorded at location A2 Mainly for communication For navigation and foraging 29

30 Chinese White Dolphins Survey Summary of Findings (PAM) Dolphin acoustic detections are roughly similar for all 5 PAMs, at 0-10% of acoustic files with detections/day Ten clear overlaps with visual detections from shore and audio detections by PAMs show that audio detections can be made 0.5 to (at most) 2.0 km distance from dolphin groups To airport west, much CWDs sound activity is recorded both day and night in winter, with a marked reduction in sounds in spring, but picking up again in summer-autumn To airport north and northeast, both winter and spring data shows no dramatic differences, generally more sounds in summer-fall than earlier, and a general tendency for more sounds at night than during daytime 30

31 CWDs Travel Corridors / Areas The waters between Northwest Lantau, West Lantau and Brothers island mainly used as travel corridors / areas Photo-ID and focal follows survey findings indicate dolphins move across the study area between the North and West Lantau regions CWDs use the study area / proposed 3RS works area between the Brothers and West Lantau areas mainly for travelling and do not appear to use it as much for other critical activities (e.g. feeding and social behavior) Northwest Lantau West Lantau Brothers Island Locations of High CWD Abundance 31

32 CWDs Field Survey Results Summary Categories Occurrence/ Distribution Group Sizes Density/ Abundance Behavior/ Activities Movements/ Residency Survey Findings CWDs occur throughout survey area (both Airport North and Airport West) Average about 3.5, similar to AFCD database results CWDs densities and abundance are moderate/low CWDs use the Airport North area mainly for travelling CWDs use the Airport West mainly for travelling and foraging Acoustic data generally indicate more use of nearshore areas at night Survey area used as portion of larger range by several dozen CWDs No evidence that CWDs use survey area as entire range 32

33 Avoidance/ Minimisation Measures Minimised Land Formation Area Use of Construction Methods with Minimal Risk/Disturbance (e.g., non-dredge methods, HDD, no percussive piling, etc.) Water Quality Mitigation Measures Avoidance of peak calving season for CWDs during bored piling 33

34 Marine Ecology 34

35 Marine Ecology Surveys Completed Coral Surveys Benthic Surveys Estuarine Fauna Surveys Intertidal Surveys 35

36 Coral Surveys Summary of Findings No coral communities recorded within the soft bottom habitats within the project footprints. Legend: HKSAR Boundary Study Area Boundary No Vessel Shall Enter or Pass Through Existing Fuel Pipeline Existing CLP Power Cable Indicative Coral Dive Survey Points for Hard Bottom Substrate Indicative Coral Dive Survey Points for Soft Bottom Substrate Identified Hard Substratum for Soft Coral Survey D10 D1 D9 D16 D2 D11 Isolated colony of soft coral <1% Echinomuricea sp. D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 Isolated colony of cup coral Balanophyllia sp. and gorgonian Guaiagorgia sp. of low coverage at Airport North, Tai Ho and Tung Chung reference sites D12 D15 D13 36 Coral dive survey points Hard bottom survey: Completed in Sept 2013 Soft bottom survey: Completed in May 2013 <5% soft coral, cup corals Balanophyllia sp. & Paracyanthus rotundatus on rock outcrops D14 Relatively higher abundance of cup coral Balanophyllia sp. and gorgonian Guaiagorgia sp at Brothers Island, SCLKC MP and Yan O 36

37 Benthic Grab Sampling Surveys Findings 22 benthos survey locations Over 65 species of marine benthos recorded in wet season Species recorded are common and widespread in Hong Kong Dominated by polychaete (Mediomastus californiensis) and crustacea species (Neoxenophthalmus obscurus) Locations B7 and B8 have relative high total abundance and total biomass 0.1m 2 van Veen Grab Three replicates at each station. Abundance, biomass and species were recorded. 37

38 Estuarine Fauna Surveys Summary of Findings Key Findings 161 intertidal and estuarine surveys at 14 locations Artificial seawall at northern runway with species diversity similar to reference sites at Tai Ho and Tung Chung with low ecological value Tai Ho: highest diversity of estuarine crustaceans and macroinvertebrates species Tung Chung and Sham Wat: highest number of estuarine fish species Legend: HKSAR Boundary Project Boundary No Vessel Shall Enter or Pass Through Locations of Stream/estuarine fauna surveys Key species of conservation interest recorded: Psammogobius biocellatus, Butis melanostigma, Amoya caninus, Favonigobius gymnochen, and Favonigobius reichei Sha Lo Wan Stream Hau Hok Wan Stream San Tau Stream Sham Wat Stream Sha Lo Wan Stream Estuary Tung Chung Bay Tai Ho Stream Key species of conservation interest recorded: Psammogobius biocellatus, Butis melanostigma, Favonigobius gymnochen and Favonigobius reichei Key species of conservation interest recorded at Tung Chung Bay and Stream: Acrossocheilus beijiangensis, Butis kilomatodon, Butis melanostigma, Psammogobius biocellatus, Amoya caninus, Favonigobius gymnochen, Favonigobius reichei and Syngnathoides schlegeli, Hau Hok Wan Stream Estuary 38

39 Intertidal Surveys - Summary of Findings Sha Chau Tai Mo To Yam O Tai Ho Tai O Sha Lo Wan Sham Wat Hau Hok Wan San Tau Tung Chung Bay Key Findings No species of conservation interest recorded at Airport N and W Species diversity generally moderate to moderate high along the N Lantau coasts Species of conservation interest recorded at Tai Ho, Tung Chung Bay, San Tau and Sham Wat Legend: HKSAR Boundary Project Boundary No Vessel Shall Enter or Pass Through Survey Locations 39

40 Intertidal Survey Species of Conservation Interest Seagrass: Halophila beccaerii Halophila ovalis Zostera japonica Horseshoe crab: Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Tachypleus tridentatus Pipefish: Syngnathoides schlegeli Syngnathoides biaculeatus* Syngnathus scovelli* Hippocampus kuda* *(Recorded by other study) Sha Chau Tai Mo To Legend: Yam O HKSAR Boundary Hau Hok Wan Tai Ho Project Boundary Sha Lo Wan San Tau Tung Chung Bay No Vessel Shall Enter or Pass Through Sham Wat Seagrass beds at San Tau Beach SSSI Survey Locations Tai O Horseshoe Crabs Seagrass Pipefish 40

41 Recommended Mitigation Measures Construction Phase Mitigation Control the speed of construction vessels Avoidance/ Minimisation Minimised land formation footprint Use non-dredging method in land formation Use of construction methods with minimal disturbance (e.g. HDD) Careful phasing of land formation works to minimise impacts Mitigation Implement water quality mitigation measures (filling behind seawall, good construction site practices and silt curtains) Establishment of 250m dolphin exclusion zones 1 during both day time and night time Dolphin Exclusion Zones 1 An area with certain radius that is monitored to ensure it s cleared of dolphins before the activities are allowed to begin 41

42 Mitigation Measures under Evaluation Construction Phase 42

43 Mitigation Measures under Evaluation Operation Phase Proposed Establishment of New Marine Park to connect existing and planned Marine Parks for protection of CWD and to enhance the ecological connectivity Extension of Hong Kong International Airport Approach Areas (HKIAAA) with vessel entry restriction help minimise disturbance on marine habitats Vessel speed controls to 10 knots for all vessels in Marine Park to minimise disturbance to CWD SkyPier High Speed Ferries Speed Restrictions Route Diversion Indicative Areas of Proposed Marine Park 43

44 Enhancement Measures Under Evaluation Encourage scientific research related to conservation of marine ecology including CWDs setting up of a Marine Research Programme Promote environmental education and eco-tourism Introduce marine enhancement initiatives to support the above measures 44

45 Noise Impact Assessment

46 HK Adopts Stringent Aircraft Noise Criteria Most international airports, including HKIA, have adopted cumulative average noise energy metrics for noise planning A lower NEF value reflects a more stringent standard One flight at night is accounted for as 16.7 day-time flights. This is more conservative than other noise metrics such as Ldn in US (multiplier of 10) Country Noise Metric Criteria Corresponding NEF Value UK L eq (16hr) Chek Lap Kok NEF Australia ANEF Kai Tak NEF Canada NEF can US L dn Singapore NEF Switzerland NNI

47 Proposed Normal Operating Modes for 3RS Normal Operation Mode: Arrivals (North Runway) Departures (Centre Runway) Mixed (South Runway arrivals departures) 47

48 Proposed Night Operating Modes for 3RS Night Operation Mode (11pm 7am): Less activity Runway maintenance South runway normally on standby 48

49 Chain of Tasks in Aircraft Noise Study Input Data Air Traffic Forecast by IATA Refined flight tracks and Total Airspace and Airport Modeller (TAAM) simulation by NATS Existing Radar Tracks and Noise Monitoring Data by CAD Integrated Noise Model (INM) Process Noise Model Assumptions Develop INM Model Scenarios Aircraft Noise Computations Analysis and Proposal of Mitigation Measures Integrated Noise Model (INM) Output Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF) Contours NEF Contours of Mitigated Scenario 49

50 Air Traffic Forecast Prepared by International Air Transport Association (IATA) Consulting Complemented with passenger airline/ freighter survey Forecast for years beyond 2030 Runway System Year Maximum Practical Yearly Movements 2-Runway System Up to ,000 3-Runway System 2023 and beyond 620,000 50

51 NEF Assessment Years Prevailing scenario (2RS):Year 2011 Interim-phase to 3RS operation : Year 2021 Predicted highest aircraft noise level under 3RS operation: Year years after commissioning of 3RS : Year

52 Prevailing NEF Due to faster-than-expected increase in flight movements and larger-than-expected proportion of night flights, the prevailing NEF 25 contour has shifted southward and expanded slightly when compared with the NEF 25 projection in the non-statutory EIA issued in 1998 Populated areas such as Tung Chung New Town and Ma Wan are not covered Short-term mitigation measures will be implemented 52

53 Short-term Mitigation Measures 1. Starting from end of Mar 2014, the Marginally Compliant Chapter 3 Aircraft will be banned for night time landing and take-off by Civil Aviation Department (CAD) 2. CAD will further restrict the landing and take-off during day time for the Marginally Compliant Chapter 3 Aircraft 3. Airport Authority (AAHK) will adjust the landing and take-off fee to encourage airlines to use quieter aircraft 4. Manage night flights demand to ensure noise contour would not expand into new NSRs 53

54 Year 2021 NEF Contour During the interim phase, when the new North Runway and existing South Runway are in operation, the NEF contour will extend to the northern waters. The southern part of the NEF contour will be similar to the 2011 NEF contour 54

55 Mitigation Measures when 3RS in Full Operation 1. When practical, south runway will remain on standby at night to minimise impact on North Lantau 2. When wind directions permit: a) use west flow at night if there are more take-offs than landing b) use east flow at night if there are more landing than take-offs 3. Consider further restricting the use of noisier aircraft at night 55

56 Mitigation Measures when 3RS in Full Operation When wind directions permit, use west flow at night if there are more take-offs than landing Straight-in Track 4 and 5 Preferential use of new Track 6 over straight-in tracks 4 and 5 at night Track 6 56

57 Mitigation Measures when 3RS in Full Operation When wind directions permit, use east flow at night if there are more landing than take-offs 57

58 Years 2030 and 2038 Projected NEFs Under 3RS operation, the 2030 NEF contour will shift northward. The noise situation in Tung Chung and the North Lantau areas will improve significantly With increasingly advanced aircraft technology, the 2038 NEF contour will be similar to that of

59 Air Quality Impact Assessment 59

60 Air Quality Assessment Considered Cumulative Impacts Against the New AQOs Airport Related Activities Contribution Proximity Infrastructure Contribution Cumulative Impact Check against new AQOs Mitigation Measures Ambient Contribution 60

61 Full Compliance of Relevant New AQOs in Adjacent Areas Assessed against relevant new Air Quality Objectives Chemicals and Suspended Particulates NO 2 PM10 (RSP) PM2.5 (FSP) SO 2 CO Compliance Air quality in adjacent areas including Tung Chung and Tuen Mun will be in compliance with the relevant new AQOs 61

62 Full Compliance for FSP Cumulative FSP Concentrations Pollutant Avg Time Compliance FSP Max. 24-hour (PM2.5) 10 th highest Annual New AQO Criterion Pollutant Avg Time Proposed AOQs FSP (PM2.5) Industrial uses in Tap Shek Kok No. of Exceedance Allowed 24-hour 75 9 Annual 35 - Pollutant Avg Time Compliance FSP Max. 24-hour (PM2.5) 10 th highest Annual Pollutant Avg Time Compliance FSP (PM2.5) Max. 24-hour 10 th highest Annual Tung Chung Remaining Development Sha Lo Wan Tin Sum / Kau Liu / San Tau Tung Chung Pollutant Avg Time Compliance FSP (PM2.5) Max. 24-hour 10 th highest Annual Pollutant Avg Time Compliance FSP (PM2.5) Max. 24-hour 10 th highest Annual 62

63 Full Compliance for NO 2 Cumulative NO 2 Concentrations Pollutant Avg Time Compliance NO 2 Max. 1-hour 19 th highest Annual New AQO Criterion Pollutant Avg Time Proposed AOQs Industrial uses in Tap Shek Kok No. of Exceedance Allowed NO 2 1-hour Annual 40 - Pollutant Avg Time Compliance NO 2 Max. 1-hour 19 th highest Annual Pollutant Avg Time Compliance NO 2 Max. 1-hour 19 th highest Annual Sha Lo Wan Tin Sum / Kau Liu / San Tau Pollutant Avg Time Compliance NO 2 Max. 1-hour 19 th highest Annual Tung Chung Tung Chung Remaining Development Pollutant Avg Time Compliance NO 2 Max. 1-hour 19 th highest Annual 63

64 Measures to Reduce Air Emissions Implemented measures: Banned all idling vehicle engines on the airside since 2008, except for certain vehicles that are exempted By end 2014: Ban the use of APU for all aircraft at frontal stands Now: Around 80% airlines are using fixed ground power and pre-conditioned air systems By end 2017: ALL airside saloon vehicles as electric vehicles Now: 49 electric vehicles (EVs) By end 2018: totally 290 charging stations for EVs and electric ground support equipment Now: 83 charging stations 64

65 Health Impact Assessment Air Quality 65

66 Scope of Air Quality Health Impact Assessment Toxic Air Pollutants (TAP) Cancer risk Non-cancer risk (acute and chronic) Criteria Pollutants under the Air Quality Objectives Health risk in terms of hospital admission and mortality 66

67 Determination of Modelling Scenarios The increase in risk level will be established by comparing the with-project and without-project scenarios: Scenario Description Assessment Year 1 Highest aircraft emission scenario as per the EIA Study Brief Year Without project scenario Same year as Scenario 1, but based on a two-runway system 67

68 Key Findings Toxic Air Pollutants (TAP) Cancer risk Non-cancer risk (acute and chronic) Incremental risk will be well within the tolerable risk criteria Criteria Pollutants under the Air Quality Objectives Health risk in terms of hospital admission and mortality Incremental risk considered as insignificant when compared with the HK average risk level 68

69 Health Impact Assessment Noise 69

70 Principal Health End Points Associated with Aircraft Noise After literature review process, principal health impacts for assessment include: Annoyance Sleep Disturbance 70

71 Study Areas for Noise HIA Three major areas outside but near the NEF25 contour identified to be of key interest 71

72 3RS Operations will Alleviate Aircraft Noise Health Impact Annoyance approx.16% reduction in highly annoyed population under 3RS as compared with 2RS in 2030 in the overall study areas Sleep Disturbance approx. 79% reduction in highly sleep disturbed population under 3RS as compared with 2RS in 2030 in the overall study areas Main contributing factor: Under 3RS, there will be more mitigation measures, e.g. South Runway on standby at night, enabling the NEF 25 contour to shift northward and thus less people in the adjacent areas being affected by aircraft noise Health End Point Noise Metrics Change (3RS vs 2RS in 2030) Annoyance L den ~ 16% reduction Sleep Disturbance L night ~ 79% reduction 72

73 Stakeholders Engagement 3 rd round of meetings completed in Q Technical Briefing Groups (TBG) 5 Community Liaison Groups (CLG) Noise Kwai Tsing Air Quality Islands Chinese White Dolphins Shatin Marine Ecology & Fisheries Tsuen Wan Tuen Mun These groups were formed in Q The 1 st round and 2 nd round of meetings were held in Q and July 2013 respectively Briefed members on EIA process, methodologies to be adopted for the EIA studies, initial findings and mitigation measures, etc 73

74 Continue Proactive Engagement Pre-PCE* (Nov 2008) Before start of EIA Start of EIA process 16 Dec 2013 Planned engagement activities Total RS (three-runway system) Bulletin as one of our many communication tools to keep stakeholders abreast of the planning of the 3RS of Hong Kong International Airport. Activities such as exhibitions, talks, airport visits and roundtable briefings have been organised to foster better understanding of the airport development plans and the EIA. * PCE: Public Consultation Exercise 74

75 Thank you 75 75