Intense Revision Plan for Prelims 2018 Day 8 Ecology and Environment

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1 Intense Revision Plan for Prelims 2018 Day 8 Ecology and Environment 1. Consider the following statements. 1. Distribution of natural vegetation depends upon temperature and moisture. 2. The amount of moisture is directly proportional to size of the trees. Which of the following statements is/are true? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 C Both the statements are correct Amount of moisture is directly proportional to size of trees and density. 2. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding habitat and environment? 1. A habitat always has life in it, whereas the environment does not necessarily have life in it. 2. A habitat is always a preference of one species. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 and 2 C A habitat always has life in it, whereas the environment does not necessarily have life in it. The habitat is a defined place or area of the environment according to the requirements of a particular life form. Therefore, a habitat is always an environment, but an environment is not always a habitat. A habitat is always a preference of one species, whereas an environment could be a preference of many species that could eventually become many habitats. Usually, the environment governs the properties of a habitat, but not vice versa 3. Which of the following is the reason for slow regeneration of rainforest if destroyed? (a) Exotic species invades the fertile soil of rain forest as soon as it gets destroyed. (b) The soil of rainforest is deficient of nutrients for a faster growth. (c) The plants and trees of rainforest are slow growing type (d) The seeds of trees in rainforest requires abundant shadow for germination B IRP-C360-P18-D5 1 civils360.com

2 the soil of rain forest is deficient in nutrients: Rainforest = Rainfall through the year. It rains almost every day = The top soil is continuously washed away = nutrients are also washed away = leaching of nutrients = very little fertility remains in top soil = most of the seeds don t germinate for years = regeneration is very slow (it takes decades). But the layer below top soil (sub-soil) is very fertile. So plants grow very quickly once their roots reach the sub-soil and if they receive enough sunlight 4. Consider the following pairs. 1. Nagarhole National Park - Karnataka 2. Bandipur National Park - Karnataka 3. Bandhavgarh National Park - Madhya Pradesh Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 D Nagarhole National Park, also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park, is a wildlife reserve in the South Indian state of Karnataka. Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the park is backed by the Brahamagiri Mountains and filled with sandalwood and teak trees. The Kabini River winds through jungle landscapes, home to tigers, Asian elephants and a variety of birds. Bandipur National Park, an 874-sq.-km forested reserve in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, is known for its small population of tigers. Once the private hunting ground of the Maharajas of Mysore, the park also harbors Indian elephants, spotted deer, gaurs (bison), antelopes and numerous other native species. Bandhavgarh National Park is in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. This biodiverse park is known for its large population of royal Bengal tigers, especially in the central Tala zone. Other animals include white tigers, leopards and deer. The mix of tropical forest, Sal trees and grassland is home to scores of bird species, including eagles. To the south are the remains of the ancient Bandhavgarh Fort A zone of junction or a transition area between two biomes is known as? (a) Edge zone (b) Ecotone (c) Beta community (d) Ecological Niche Ans B IRP-C360-P18-D5 2 civils360.com

3 An ecotone is a zone of junction or a transition area between two biomes [diverse ecosystems]. It is where two communities meet and integrate. For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Other examples are grassland (between forest and desert), estuary (between fresh water and salt water) and river bank or marsh land (between dry and wet 6. Consider the statements regarding Food Chain and Food Web: 1. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others. 2. If any of the intermediate food chain in a food web is is removed, the succeeding links of the chain will not be affected largely. 3. The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain. (a) 3 only A food web illustrates the number not the food chain). If any of the intermediate food chain is removed, the succeeding links of the chain will be affected largely. The food web provides more than one alternative for food to most of the organisms in an ecosystem and therefore increases their chance of survival 7. Consider the statements regarding Ecological Pyramids: 1. A pyramid of Energy is always upright 2. A pyramid of Number is always inverted 3. An ecological pyramid can accommodate a food web. Ans A Pyramid of numbers can either be upright or inverted Ecological Pyramids assumes a simple food chain, something that almost never exists in nature; it does not accommodate a food web. 8. Which of the following conditions will help in robust development of corals? 1. Deep waters with depth minimum of 100m below sea level 2. Turbid seawater with high influx of river discharges IRP-C360-P18-D5 3 civils360.com

4 3. Perpetually warm waters. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 3 only A Ideal Conditions for Coral Growth Stable climatic conditions: Corals are highly susceptible to quick changes. They grow in regions where climate is significantly stable for a long period of time. Perpetually warm waters: Corals thrive in tropical waters [30 N and 30 S latitudes, The temperature of water is around 20 C] where diurnal and annual temperature ranges are very narrow.] Shallow water: Coral require fairly good amount of sunlight to survive. The ideal depths for coral growth are 45 m to 55 m below sea surface, where there is abundant sunlight available. Clear salt water: Clear salt water is suitable for coral growth, while both fresh water and highly saline water are harmful. Abundant Plankton: Adequate supply of oxygen and microscopic marine food, called plankton [phytoplankton], is essential for growth. As the plankton 9. Arrange the following Biosphere reserves from South to North. 1. Simlipal 2. Achanamarkantak 3. Manas 4. Kanchenjunga Select the correct answer using the code given below (a) (b) (c) (d) Ans C Simlipal National Park is a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha The Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in India that extends across the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, covering a total area of 383,551 hectares Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve in Assam, India. Kangchenjunga, also spelled Kanchenjunga, is the third highest mountain in the world, and lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim, India. IRP-C360-P18-D5 4 civils360.com

5 10. Consider the statements regarding Montreux Record: 1. It is under the aegis of Ramsar Convention 2. It is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. 3. Chilika Lake is also enlisted in Montreux Record (a) 1 and 2 Ans A Chilika Lake was removed from the register in 2002 in light of the improved conditions of the lake. In fact, Chilika lake is the first Ramsar site in Asia to be removed from the Montreux record Download our App from Google Play for Seamless Connection IRP-C360-P18-D5 5 civils360.com