Analysis of GHG Emissions from the Proposed Pilgrim Pipeline. For Pilgrim Pipeline Holdings, LLP. Prepared by Environmental Resources Management

Transcription

1 Analysis f GHG Emissins frm the Prpsed Pilgrim Pipeline Fr Pilgrim Pipeline Hldings, LLP Prepared by Envirnmental Resurces Management Nvember 11,

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION SCOPE OF WORK AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS PIPELINE TRANSPORT GHG EMISSIONS Apprach and Assumptins Results BARGE TRANSPORT GHG EMISSIONS Apprach and Assumptins Results COMPARISON OF BARGE AND PIPELINE GHG EMISSIONS REFERENCES 11 List f Tables Table 1: Bundary Cnditins 3 Table 2: Pilgrim Pipeline Annual Operatinal GHG Emissins 5 Table 3: Barge Transprtatin Annual GHG Emissins 8 Table 4: Cmparisn f GHG Air Emissins 9 List f Appendices APPENDIX 1: Calculatin Tables and Results fr the Prpsed Pilgrim Pipeline APPENDIX 2: Calculatin Tables and Results fr the Barge Transprtatin Optin ERM I PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

3 1.0 INTRODUCTION Pilgrim Pipeline Hldings, LLC plans t develp a pipeline system that cnsists f tw parallel pipelines. Crude il will be transprted n ne pipeline frm Albany, New Yrk t Linden, New Jersey. After the crude is prcessed at refineries lcated in PADD 1 1, the refined petrleum prducts will be transprted via a separate pipeline frm Linden, New Jersey back t Albany, New Yrk. Pilgrim Pipeline Hldings, LLC requested that Envirnmental Resurces Management, Inc. (ERM) perfrm a cmparisn f the peratinal greenhuse gas (GHG) air emissins frm transprting the crude and refined prducts n the prpsed Pilgrim pipeline prject versus the current methd f transprting the same vlumes f crude and refined prducts alng the Hudsn River using barges. This reprt is structured as fllws: Sectin 2 prvides an verview f the scpe f wrk fr the assessment and the bundary cnditins applied t the assessment. Sectin 3 prvides a descriptin f the prpsed pipeline prject, as well as the assumptins used t calculate the emissins frm this ptin. Sectin 4 prvides the a descriptin f the assumptins used t determine the GHG emissins assciated with transprting the same vlumes f crude and refined prducts using barges as wuld be transprted by the prpsed pipeline prject and an assessment f thse emissins. Sectin 5 prvides a cmparisn f the emissins frm bth ptins. 1 The Petrleum Administratin fr Defense Districts (PADDs) are gegraphic aggregatins f the US States (and the District f Clumbia) int five districts: PADD 1 represents the East Cast. ERM 2 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

4 2.0 SCOPE OF WORK AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS This study s bjective is t define and assess the anticipated peratinal air emissins f GHGs f the prpsed pipelines, and barges transprting the same vlumes, s as t enable a like-fr-like analysis. The bundary cnditins applied assciated with the transprtatin activities are summarized as fllws in Table 1: Table 1: Bundary Cnditins Stage Pipeline Barge Lading Assumed n GHG emissins are prduced because the pipeline is gravity laded Assumed n GHG emissins are prduced because is the barges are gravity laded Transprtatin Unlading Maintenance, inspectins and ther supprt activities Indirect emissins 2 frm electricity t pwer pumps t allw pipeline transprtatin and direct 3 fugitive emissins frm valves. N back-up generatrs will be prvided alng the pipeline Assumed n GHG emissins assciated with unlading because the pipeline is unladed by gravity Nt included in the calculatins because the cntributin is expected t be de minimis Direct emissins 4 frm cmbustin engines fr barge mvement. Fugitive emissins were nt included in the calculatins because they are de minimis (see Sectin 4) Direct emissins frm peratin f pumps n barges t unlad crude il/prducts Nt included in the calculatins because the cntributin is expected t be de minimis Cnsidering that bth ptins will transprt the same vlumes f crude il and refined petrleum prducts per year, the brader assciated lifecycle emissins (such as frm end cmbustin f the prducts and crude il refining) have nt been assessed as these emissins wuld be the same in bth ptins. This desktp study was based n research cnducted by ERM. 2 Fr the purpses f this assessment, indirect emissins frm the pipeline are frm the generatin and distributin f purchased electricity. 3 Fr the purpses f this assessment, direct emissins refer t GHG emissins that are frm surces that are part f the pipeline r barge transprtatin system, such as cmbustin engines. 4 See n.3 abve. ERM 3 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

5 3.0 PIPELINE TRANSPORT GHG EMISSIONS 3.1 Apprach and Assumptins The Pilgrim Pipeline prject is designed t transprt 73 millin barrels f crude il per year frm Albany, New Yrk t Linden, New Jersey and 73 millin barrels f refined petrleum prducts per year frm Linden, New Jersey t Albany, New Yrk (ttal annual capacity f 146 millin barrels). The prject has been designed t utilize a ttal pump capacity f 18,000 hrsepwer (hp) t transprt crude il apprximately 169 miles frm Albany t Linden (utilizing three pump statins). In additin, 15,000 hp f pump capacity will be required t transprt the refined petrleum prducts apprximately 169 miles frm Linden t Albany (als using three pump statins). Twenty mainline valves will be lcated n each f the pipelines. The fllwing assumptins and methdlgies were used t estimate the ttal GHG emissins assciated with the pipeline transprt: The electricity used t pwer these pumps will be taken ff the grid and, therefre, the indirect GHG emissins assciated with prducing this pwer is assumed t be based n the mixture f multiple energy/fuel surces such as cal, fuel il, natural gas, hydrpwer, wind pwer, etc. that makes up the grid mix fr the lcatin f electricity cnsumptin. Pump efficiency f 97% mtr and drive efficiency (ABB Grup, 2009). Cntinuus peratin f the pumps at the pump statins fr 8,760 hurs per year hrsepwer-hurs (hp-hr) f wrk wuld be required t pump ne barrel f crude il frm Albany, NY t Linden, NJ (calculated based n the crude il pipeline pump pwer, annual thrughput, and annual hurs f peratin) hp-hr f wrk wuld be required t pump ne barrel f refined petrleum prducts frm Linden, NJ t Albany, NY (calculated based n the refined petrleum prduct pipeline pump pwer, annual thrughput, and annual hurs f peratin). Annual indirect electricity usage in megawatt-hur (MWh) per year was estimated based n the amunt f wrk required t pump ne barrel f crude il and ne barrel f refined petrleum prducts, the annual pipeline thrughput, and the annual hurs f peratin. Emissin factrs fr carbn dixide (CO 2) and CO 2 equivalent (CO 2e) emissins assciated with electricity generatin were btained frm the U.S. Envirnmental ERM 4 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

6 Prtectin Agency Emissins & Generatin Resurce Integrated Database (egrid), 9 th Ed. (USEPA, 2014) (using Year 2010 data, Versin 1.0 fr upstate New Yrk). The annual U.S. electricity transmissin and distributin lsses are apprximately 6 percent (EIA, 2014). GHG emissins assciated with the cnstructin f the Pilgrim Pipeline, decmmissining, maintenance, r backup generatrs were nt included in this analysis. Bth pipelines were assumed be unheated. 3.2 Results Based n the freging infrmatin and assumptins, the calculated ttal annual GHG emissins assciated with transprting 73 millin barrels f crude il per year frm Albany, New Yrk t Linden, New Jersey, and then transprting 73 millin barrels f refined petrleum prducts per year frm Linden, New Jersey t Albany, New Yrk are 58,642 metric tns carbn dixide equivalent (CO 2e) /year. Table 2 shws the breakdwn f these emissins, and Appendix 1 prvides further details f the calculatins used t derive these values. Table 2: Pilgrim Pipeline Annual Operatinal GHG Emissins GHG Surce Annual Emissins (metric tn CO 2e per year) Fugitive emissins frm valves Electricity cnsumptin fr pumps 55,323 (generatin emissins) Electricity cnsumptin fr pumps 3,319 (transmissin and distributin lsses) Ttal 58,642 The direct emissins assciated with the pipelines frm leaks frm the mainline valves alng the pipeline are de minimis (0.011 metric tns CO 2e/year). ERM 5 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

7 4.0 BARGE TRANSPORT GHG EMISSIONS 4.1 Apprach and Assumptins After analyzing the GHG emissins assciated with the pipeline ptin, ERM assessed the GHG emissins assciated with transprting the same vlumes via barge n the Hudsn River (73 millin barrels f crude il per year and 73 millin barrels f refined petrleum prducts per year). The fllwing assumptins and methdlgies were used t estimate emissins frm barge transprt alng the Hudsn River: Barges are variable in terms f capacity; hwever, fr these calculatins the capacity f a typical barge was assumed t be 100,000 barrels (MTU America Inc., 2012). Emissins were calculated fr rund trips, with the barges full n the initial trip and empty n the return leg. The number f barge trips per day (fr laded and empty barges) were calculated based n the vlumes transprted per day (bbls/day) and average barge capacity. A ne-way transprt distance alng the Hudsn River frm the Prt f Albany in NY t Arthur Kill, NJ is apprximately 160 miles (as measured by ERM using Ggle Earth). The tugs used t tw r push the barges have variable engine hrsepwer and the transprt f these barges are als influenced by seasnal variatins in river flw vlume, tide stage, carg vlume, degree f ice, and ther envirnmental variables. Fr the purpses f these calculatins, the fllwing assumptins were made: Prpulsin engine pwer ratings fr self-prpelled tugbats that tw r push the barges were based n a Twin MTU 16V 4000 engine (i.e., tw engines) with each twin engine delivering 1,760 kilwatts (2,360 hp) at 1,800 revlutins per minute (rpm) 5 (MTU America Inc., 2012). Auxiliary engine pwer ratings fr tugbats that tw r push the barges were based n tw auxiliary engines per tugbat, each with a pwer rating f 100 kilwatts (ICF Internatinal, 2009). 5 Make and mdel number fr tug-barge cnfiguratins n the Hudsn River were nt available s typical tugbat make and mdels used in the East Cast regin f the United States were used in the analysis (MTU America Inc., 2012). ERM 6 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

8 The main prpulsin engines and auxiliary engines fr the tugbats pushing laded barges were assumed t run at 90 percent lad (MTU America Inc., 2012) and 31 percent lad (ICF 2009), respectively. The auxiliary engine lad factrs fr the tugbats twing r pushing empty barges were assumed t be the same as fr mving the laded barges (0.31 r 31 percent). The main prpulsin engine lad factrs fr the tugbats were assumed t be 2 percent (0.02) (ICF 2009). The tugbats are expected t travel at an average speed f 10.5 knts fr bth laded and empty barges, pushing 500-ft 100,000-barrel barges. Knts (nautical miles per hur) were cnverted t miles per hur by multiplying by a factr f 1.15 miles per nautical mile (MTU America Inc., 2012). River barge transprtatin variatins due t river flw vlume, tidal influence, ice, idling, and ther transprtatin variables were nt analyzed. Greenhuse gas emissins were calculated using factrs btained frm Chapter 2 and 3 f the ICF 2009 dcument. The barges were assumed t be unheated. The emissins assciated with n-barge pumps used fr unlading were determined using the fllwing assumptins: A full trip includes bth lading and unlading a barge; therefre, the pumps used fr unlading are nly used during half f a full trip. Reasnable time t unlad wuld be abut half a day (12 hurs). T unlad within half a day at least 7 x 1629 gpm pumps wuld be needed. N allwances were made fr Hudsn River barge air emissin exemptins. 3.2 Results Table 3 shws that the annual GHG emissins assciated with transprting the same vlume f crude and refined prducts via barge are 72,888 metric tns CO 2e /year. Appendix 2 prvides further details f the calculatins applied. ERM 7 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

9 Table 3: Barge Transprtatin Annual GHG Emissins GHG Surce Cmbustin engine fr barge transprtatin Cmbustin f fuel t pwer unlading pumps Annual Emissins (metric tn CO 2e per year) 71,418 1,469 Ttal 72,888 The emissins frm the barge ptin are prduced by the cmbustin f hydrcarbns in the main prpulsin engines and the auxiliary engines f the tugbats used t mve the barges. ERM 8 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

10 5.0 COMPARISON OF BARGE AND PIPELINE GHG EMISSIONS A cmparisn f the GHG emissins frm the pipeline and barge ptins is presented in Table 4. Table 4: Cmparisn f GHG Air Emissins Transprt Optin Annual Emissins (metric tn CO 2e per year) Prpsed pipeline 58,642 Hudsn River barges 72,888 Percent Difference Between Pipeline t 19.5% reductin using the pipeline Barge Emissins Ttal As Table 4 shws, the estimated annual ttal emissins f GHGs (in CO 2e) fr transprting the crude and refined prducts via pipeline are apprximately 20% lwer than transprting the same vlume f crude and refined prducts by barge. Overall, the pipeline ptin des nt represent a significant surce f GHG emissins. T put the ttal GHG emissins frm the pipeline ptin in cntext, if a majr surce (i.e., a pwer plant) makes a mdificatin that caused its GHG emissins t increase by 75,000 tns CO 2e/year, 6 that surce must btain a Preventin f Significant Deteriratin (PSD) permit that includes a GHG limit. The ttal emissins frm the pipeline prject are belw this threshld. The emissins frm the pipeline are als significantly lwer than the verall GHG emissins prduced by large pwer plants, which can exceed 2 millin metric tns CO 2e / year (USEPA GHGRP). 6 PSD applicability calculatins are based n shrt tns (2,000 lbs), nt metric tns (USEPA Mar. 2011). ERM 9 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

11 6.0 REFERENCES ABB Grup High vltage cast irn mtrs up t 2250 kw, 300HP. Website: e4c125784f /$file/hv_cast_irn_mtrs_hxr_brchure_9akk104629_en_ pdf. Accessed August 27, ICF Internatinal. April USEPA Current Methdlgies in Preparing Mbile Surce Prt-Related Emissin Inventries. MTU America Inc MTU helps SENESCO make the big push. Website: Accessed August 13, U.S. Energy Infrmatin Administratin (EIA). May FAQ: Hw much electricity is lst in transmissin and distributin in the United States. Website: Accessed August 27, U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (USEPA). March PSD and Title V Permitting Guidance fr Greenhuse Gases. Website: U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (USEPA). February egrid Summary Tables. Website: Accessed August 27, U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (USEPA). August GHG Reprting Prgram Data Sets GHG Data. Website: Accessed Octber 15, ERM 11 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

12 APPENDIX 1: Calculatin Tables and Results fr the Prpsed Pilgrim Pipeline ERM 12 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

13 Table A1-1 Direct Greenhuse Gas Emissins frm Pipeline Transprt Lcatin Number f Mainline Valves alng Pipeline a # CH 4 Emissins TOC Emissin c Factr b, c TOC Emissins b (lb/hr) / tn/year cmpnent lb/hr tn/year lb/hr CO 2e Emissins d tn/year Pipeline transprt f Bakken light crude frm Albany, NY t Linden, NJ E Pipeline transprt f petrleum prducts frm Linden, NJ t Albany, NY E Ttal: Nte: a Number f mainline valves (MLVs) t be perated n the crude and prduct pipelines were prvided by prject design. b Ttal rganic carbn (TOC) emissin factrs fr valves taken frm USEPA's Equipment Leak Emissin Estimates (USEPA, 1995). Emissin factrs pertaining t Oil and Gas Prductin Operatins fr Heavy Oil were used. c Methane (CH 4) emissins were estimated frm the TOC emissin rates based n typical weight fractin f 0.15 fr CH 4. (USEPA AP-42, Sectin 5.2, Transprtatin and Marketing f Petrleum Liquids, June 2006). d CO 2e emissins were estimated based n a 100-year glbal warming ptential f 25 fr CH 4. ERM 13 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

14 Table A1-2 Indirect Greenhuse Gas Emissins frm Electricity Use by the Pipeline Transprt Pipeline Transprt Lcatin Bakken light crude frm Albany, NY t Linden, NJ Petrleum prducts frm Linden, NJ t Albany, NY Nte: e-grid Regin a Annual Thrughput (bbl/yr) b Pipeline Pump Pwer (hp) c Annual Hurs f Operatin (hr/yr) d Wrk Required t Pump Crude r Petrleum Prduct (hphr/bbl) e Annual Indirect Electricity Usage (MWh/yr) f Greenhuse Gas Emissin Factrs fr Electric Mtr- Driven Pumps Pwered frm Grid (lb/mwh) a Greenhuse Gas Annual Emissins (tns/year) g Ttal GHG Emissins (tn/year) Greenhuse Gas Annual Emissins (metric tns/year) i CO 2 CH 4 N 2O CO 2 CH 4 N 2O CO 2e h CO 2e NYUP 73,000,000 18,557 8, , , ,236 30,151 NYUP 73,000,000 15,464 8, , , ,747 25,172 Electricity Generatin Emissins: 60, ,983 55,323 Transmissin Lss Emissins j 3, ,659 3,319 Ttal: 64, ,642 58,642 a The e-grid (Emissins and Generatin Resurce Integrated Database) regin fr Upstate New Yrk as well as electricity generatin emissin factrs fr each greenhuse gas (GHG) were taken frm US EPA s egrid2012 versin 1 database, Year 2010 (USEPA, 2014). b Based n 0.2 millin barrels per day each f crude il and refined petrleum prducts, 365 days per year. c Based n a ttal pump size f 18,000 HP fr mving crude il ver 169 miles ( three pump statins) and a ttal pump size f 15,000 HP fr mving refined petrleum prducts, respectively ver 169 miles (three pump statins). Als accunted fr a 97% mtr and drive efficiency (ABB Grup, 2009) d Assumes the pumps (in pump statins) wuld be perating cntinuusly fr 8,760 hurs per year. e The wrk required t pump ne barrel f crude il r refined petrleum prducts between Albany, NY and Linden, NJ was calculated based n the pipeline pump pwer, annual thrughput, and annual hurs f peratin. f Annual indirect electricity usage was estimated based n the amunt f wrk required t pump ne barrel each f crude il and refined petrleum prducts, annual thrughput, and annual hurs f peratin. g GHG emissins in tns per year were calculated based n the GHG emissin factrs and annual indirect electricity usage. h Ttal GHGs were estimated as CO 2 equivalents (CO 2e), accunting fr 100-year glbal warming ptentials f CO 2 (1), CH 4 (25) and N 2O (298); see 40 CFR 98 Subpart A Table A-1. i GHG emissins in metric tns per year were calculated using the cnversin factr: 1 metric tn = tns. j The US Energy Infrmatin Administratin estimates that natinal electricity transmissin and distributin lsses average abut 6% f the electricity that is transmitted and distributed in the United States each year (EIA, 2014). ERM 14 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

15 APPENDIX 2: Calculatin Tables and Results fr the Barge Transprtatin Optin ERM 15 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

16 Table A2-3 Direct Greenhuse Gas Emissins frm Barge Transprt Transprt Mde Vlume Transprted Per Day, Thrughput (bbls/ day) a Number f Calls Per Day b Transprt Distance, O ne Way (miles) c Fuel Type d Prpulsin Engine e Auxiliary Engines f Speed (miles/ hr) g Ttal Max. Pwer Rating (kw) Engine Lad Factr Ttal Max. Pwer Rating (kw) Engine Lad Factr Ttal GHG Emissins (tn/year) Greenhuse Gas Annual Emissins (metric tn/year) CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 e CO 2 e Laded barges with twbats transprting refined petrleum nrthbund frm Arthur Kill, NJ t Prt f Albany, NY 200, ULSD 3, , ,046 21,814 Activity (hurs/ trip) h Prpulsin Engine Emissin Factrs (g/kwh) Auxiliary Engine Emissin Factrs (g/kwh) Greenhuse Gas Annual Emissins (tn/year) i Empty barges with twbats ging suthbund frm Albany, NY t Arthur Kill, NJ ULSD 3, , ,316 13,895 Laded barges with twbats transprting crude il suthbund frm Prt f Albany, NY t Arthur Kill, NJ 200, ULSD 3, , ,046 21,814 Empty barges with twbats ging nrthbund frm Arthur Kill, NJ t Prt f Albany, NY ULSD 3, , ,316 13,895 Ntes: a Based n 73 millin barrels f crude il and 73 millin barrels f refined petrleum prducts transprted annually (365 days), and 100,000 barrels per call. b Number f barge trips per day (fr laded and empty barges) were calculated based n vlume f crude transprted per day (bbls/day) and assuming the capacity f a typical barge wuld be 100,000 barrels. Ttal: 52, ,725 71,418 c Based n a rund trip distance f 320 miles alng the Hudsn River frm The Prt f Albany in NY t Arthur Kill, NJ. This results t a ne-way transprt distance f 160 miles. d The tugbat engines were assumed t fire ultra lw sulfur diesel (ULSD) with a fuel sulfur cntent f percent r 15 parts per millin (ppm). e Prpulsin engine pwer ratings fr self-prpelled tugbats that tw r push the barges were based n a Twin MTU 16V 4000 engine (i.e. tw engines), with each twin engine delivering 1,760 kilwatts (2,360 hrsepwer) at 1,800 revlutins per minute (rpm). The tug lcks int the bw f a barge and frm a dead stp takes the engines t 100 percent lad t get the barge mving. Frm that pint and thrugh the entire vyage, the engines run at 80-t 90-percent lad (MTU America Inc., 2012). Fr the purpse f this assessment, the main prpulsin engines fr the tugbats pushing laded barges are assumed t run at 90 percent lad. Fr empty barges during the return trips, the main prpulsin engine lad factrs fr the tugbats were assumed t be the same as fr the laded trip (i.e., 0.90 r 90 percent). f Auxiliary engine pwer ratings fr tugbats that tw r push the barges were taken frm ICF Internatinal, 2009, Table 3-10 (i.e., apprximately tw auxiliary engines per tugbat, each with a pwer rating f 100 kilwatts). The auxiliary engines fr the tugbats pushing laded barges are assumed t run at 31 percent lad (ICF Internatinal, 2009, Table 3-4). Fr empty barges during the return trips, the auxiliary engine lad factrs fr the tugbats were assumed t be the same as fr the laded trip (i.e., 0.31 r 31 percent). g The tugbats are expected t travel at an average speed f 10.5 knts pushing a 500-ft 100,000-barrel barges. Knts (nautical miles per hur) cnverted t miles/hur by multiplying by a factr f 1.15 miles/nautical mile. h Activity (duratin) calculated using tugbat speed and distance traveled per trip. i Greenhuse gas emissins in tns per year were calculated calculated using emissin factrs fr Categry 1 Tier 2 main prpulsin engines (minimum pwer f 1000 kw) and Categry 1 Tier 2 auxiliary engines (mininum pwer f 130 kw) (ICF 2009, Table 3-8). The tugbats were assumed t have Categry 1 main and auxiliary engines since abut 90 percent f all tug, tw, push, and assist tugs are Categry 1 and 10 percent are Categry 2 (ICF Internatinal, 2009, Sectin 3.4.2). Ttal greenhuse gases were estimated as CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e), accunting fr 100-year glbal warming ptentials f CO 2 (1), CH 4 (25) and N 2 O (298).At reduced lad (i.e. lads less than 20 percent), emissin factrs fr the integrated tug-barge prpulsin engines were calculated using equatin 5 and 6 f the ICF 2009 dcument. CH 4 prpulsin emissin factrs are multiplied by hydrcarbn (HC) lw lad adjustment factrs fr lad factrs belw 20 percent based upn the premise that CH 4 emissins are tied t HC emissins. N 2 O prpulsin emissin factrs are multiplied by NOx lw lad adjustment factrs n the premise that N 2 O is linked t NOx (see pg 2-18 and 2-19 f the ICF 2009 dcument). Accrding t the ICF 2009 dcument (pg 2-19), there is n need fr a lw lad adjustment factr fr auxiliary engines because they are generally perated in banks. ERM 16 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS

17 Table A2-4 Direct Greenhuse Gas Emissins frm Barge Unlading Unlading Pump Unlading Number Criteria Pllutant Barge Pump Engine Emissins factrs (lb/hp-hr) Pump time Engine Number time f Emissins (tns/year) Size fr 7 Pwer f pumps fr 1 pump trips per (gpm) pumps (hp) (hrs) year CO NOx SO 2 PM 10 CO 2 (hrs) CO NOx SO 2 PM 10 CO E E E ,469 The surce fr the greenhuse gas emissins factrs was US EPA AP-42 Sectin Cnversin Factrs 1 Galln [Fluid] bbls Oil 1 lb metric tns Assumptins A full trip cnsidered t include bth lading and unlading a barge; therefre, the pumps used fr unlading are nly used during half f a full trip ERM 17 PILGRIM PIPELINE GHG ANALYSIS