Performance and Emissions of a Micro-Gas Turbine Fueled with LPG/Producer gas in a Dual Fuel Mode

Transcription

1 Title: Performance and Emissions of a Micro-Gas Turbine Fueled with LPG/Producer gas in a Dual Fuel Mode Hussain Sadig, Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Mior A.Said and S. Yusup September 2014

2 OUTLINES Introduction Problem Statement Objectives Methodology Results and Discussions Conclusions and Recommendation

3 INTRODUCTION Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. Source: International Energy Agency 2007

4 INTRODUCTION Fossil fuels challenges Limited resources Prices Emissions Impact on the environment

5 Renewable Resources: INTRODUCTION

6 INTRODUCTION Palm oil wastes in Malaysia: Biomass component Oil palm biomass collected in Malaysia in 2005 Quantity available ( million tons) Empty fruit brunches Fiber 9.60 Shell 5.92 Fronds and trunks Palm kernel 2.11 Total Source : S. H. Shuit, K. T. Tan, K. T. Lee, and A. H. Kamaruddin, "Oil palm biomass as a sustainable energy: A Malaysian case study," Energy, vol. 34, pp , 2009.

7 INTRODUCTION Gasification: Incomplete combustion of biomass or any solid fuel resulting in production of combustible gases. The main attractive point in gasification, that any biomass can undergo gasification. There are many uses for syngas from gasification.

8 INTRODUCTION Producer gas end use options: Gasification Producer Gas H 2, CO, CH 4, N 2, CO 2 Low Calorific Value Medium Calorific Value Gas Clean up Gas Clean up External Combustion Engines IC Engines/ Gas Turbines Fuel Cell/Synthesis

9 INTRODUCTION Gas turbines advantages and disadvantages: Advantages Disadvantages High fuel flexibility Low efficiency Less complex High power to weight ratio Low emissions High exhaust gas temperature

10 PREVIOUS STUDIES Heavy Duty Gas Turbines Simulated producer gas. Successful operation with PG fuels. Low emissions. potential to develop enhanced power output. No detailed information Applicable for heavy duty Simulated producer gas. Low NOx emissions High CO emissions. The temperature with in allowable limits Dynamic and static stability Not under pressurized condition. Some of tested PG is difficult to be achieved. Producer Gas for gas turbines- Experimental Studies Micro Gas Turbine Combustors Micro Gas Turbines Real producer gas. LowNOxhighCO Only PG of Gasification of wood. Few studies. No detailed information on the performance and emissions at different conditions. Moisture content not included. No exergetic investigation

11 PROBLEM STATEMENT In Malaysia, replacing conventional fuels with producer gas from OPF gasification can help in mitigating problems related to depletion of fossil fuels, emissions and biomass wastes disposal. No studies were conducted on producer gas of OPF gasification to run Micro gas turbine engine. Efforts are still need to be implemented to investigate the effect of producer gas calorific value, producer gas compositions ratios, residence time and moisture content on the micro gas turbine behavior.

12 OBJECTIVES Objectives To conduct an experimental study on the performance and emissionsofasingleshaftmicrogasturbinefueledwithatwo different low calorific value producer gas fuels and and LPG inadualfuelmode.

13 The single-shaft micro-gas turbine system METHODOLOGY

14 METHODOLOGY Used Producer Gas Fuels Description Producer gas1 Producer gas2 H 2 % CO% CH 4 % CO 2 % N 2 % C 3 H 8 % - - C 4 H 10 % - - Lower Heating Value (kj/kg) Higher Heating Value (kj/kg) Air /Fuel Ratio (volume) Air/Fuel Ratio (mass)

15 Producer Gas Injection METHODOLOGY

16 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Turbine inlet temperature Turbine Inlet Temperature ( o C) Producer gas1 Producer gas Producer gas Replacement (%)

17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Combustor efficiency Combustor Efficiency (%) Producer gas1 Producer gas Producer gas Replacement (%)

18 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Turbine efficiency Turbine Efficiency (%) Producer gas1 Producer gas Producer gas Replacement (%)

19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Emissions CO Producer gas1 CO Producer gas2 Nox proudcer gas1 Nox Producer gas CO (ppm) NOx (ppm) Producer gas Replacement (%) 0

20 CONCLUSIONS An experimental study was conducted on a low cost turbocharger based micro-gas turbine. Two different producer gas fuels were tested to replace LPG which was the reference fuel. Basedonthethermalheatinput,amaximumLPGreplacementof42% and 56% with stable operation were achieved for producer gas1 and producer gas2, respectively. A remarkable reductions in NOx emissions were recorded for LPG replacement tests. On the other hand, the CO emissions were increased.

21 THANKS