climate change, the EU and the world wide context Lutz Ribbe (Euronature), Member of the Economic and Social Committee Lima, april 18, 2008

Transcription

1 climate change, the EU and the world wide context Lutz Ribbe (Euronature), Member of the Economic and Social Committee Lima, april 18,

2 content 1. Who is mainly responsible for the GHG emission ( for climate change)? 2. What are the consequences, who is suffering most? 3. What is happening in the EU, and 4. what can civil society do, what is our role? 2

3 The 10 biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons from energy sources: gas, oil, coal) 6526 responsible for 2/3 of the global CO 2 -Emission coming from energy use use of energy = 80% of GHG sources France Italy Canada* UK Germany India* Japan Russia China USA *= 2002 source: iwr 3

4 The 10 biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons) Red = G8-member states (so called `developed countries`) G8 (13% of global population) responsible for appr. 45% of the global CO2 Emission USA: more than 22% France Italy Canada* UK Germany India* Japan Russia China USA *= 2002, source: iwr 4

5 21,0 20,0 19,0 18,0 17,0 16,0 15,0 14,0 13,0 12,0 11,0 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 CO 2 - Emission (tons/ per capita + year) 1,0 3,0 4,4 7,5 8,0 10,2 10,4 16,7 18,0 More than 2 to = unsustainable!!! 19,7 India China World Poland EU (25) Germany Russia Canada Austral. USA 5

6 another source: land use change 20% of GHG emission worldwide 6

7 7

8 unsustainable too!!! 8

9 Land use change - mainly happens in developing countries - for example - in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Brazil (and other parts of America), Africa often effected: tropical forests and peat land extreme important carbon reservoirs but also important for the world wide biodiversity (global effect) we effect global public goods for which the public is not paying for! Yet! 9

10 Land use change - Indonesia: still 80 Mio ha of rainforest, every year they cut 2 Mio ha ( 600 Mio t of CO 2 )(=UK) - Amazonas: 50% or more of the rainforest might be destroyed by 2030 ( 96 bln t of CO 2 ) 10

11 good for our climate? - Deforestation/ overuse is happening in many other countries too very unsustainable way of using land forest protects against flood (regional effect) 11

12 Land use change - even land use change nowadays takes place mainly in the so called developing countries, the products are often/ mainly consumed in industrialized countries feed stuff for animals (EU: imports protein from more than 10 Mio ha outside the EU, world wide increase of meat production) more and more: biofuels wood (legal and illegal logging) 12

13 Consequences - dramatic economic consequences, for the global but also local economy (f.e. private farmers) (see Stern report, costs: up to 20% of our GDP) - People will be directly effected: many different health problems (see WHO) hurricanes: more often and stronger floods (more heavy rainfall, deforestation) 13

14 Consequences - problem: water supply - f.e. in those regions, where it depends on glacier (20% of the world wide population), Peru: lost 22% of the glacier mass in the past 25 years - Caribbean - south of Europe - problem: food (quantity of production and food-price), problems with fishery see: IMF last weekend + our declaration 14

15 a kind of summary 1. the developed countries are mainly responsible for the GHG emissions, directly or indirectly 2. but: poor people are suffering most! 3. we are at the beginning of new competition in land use between food, feed and energy/ biofuel production (and biodiversity) (different critical opinions prepared and adopted by the EESC = role of civil society) 15

16 Decisions of the EU-summit - CO 2 reduction (EU-summit, march 2007): - -30% until 2020, if other industrialized countries contribute in the same way - guaranteed : -20% until to -80% until 2050 (basis: 1990) - ambitious goals! Commission: a new industrial revolution 16

17 11,0 CO 2 - emission (tons/ per capita) ,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 Germany today EU today 17

18 2020: EU goal - 30%, Germany - 40% 11,0 10,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 6,1 5,6 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 Germany today Germany 2020 EU today EU

19 11,0 10,0 10,2 2050: goal - 60% 9,0 8,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 6,1 5,6 5,0 4,0 3,0 4,1 3,2 2,0 1,0 0,0 Germany today Germany 2020 Germany 2050 EU today EU 2020 EU

20 11,0 10,0 10,2 2050: goal - 80% 9,0 8,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 6,1 5,6 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 2,1 1,6 1,0 0,0 Germany today Germany 2020 Germany 2050 EU today EU 2020 EU

21 Energy package - 20% of all energy coming from renewable sources (by 2020) - Energy efficiency: +20% until ,5% each year: buildings, cars, products - Transport policy (more railway) - 10% biofuels (by ) 21

22 Climate change - just a technical problem? - Reaching these ambitious goals is not a mere technical issue. - It takes more than saving energy and technological solutions like solar/ renewables - It is all about political power and markets; the idea is to make money - Interest groups! 22

23 Centralized/ De-centralized structures - the age of fossil energy was/is the age of centralized, relatively inefficient energy production structures large power plants with low efficiency rates (35 to 45%, residual heating) very few global operating oil companies not many large energy suppliers, with excellent access to decision maker in Germany: 4, in France: just 1 23

24 50% of the energy of coal gets lost 24

25 electricity to warm up water: 90% of the energy of coal gets lost 25

26 unsustainable too!!! 26

27 Centralised/De-centralised structures - The age of regenerating energies becomes the age of de-centralized and efficient energy structures: Sun on the roof (Electricity and Heating) Combined Power and Heating Systems (with more than 90% energy efficiency, instead of 45% in the case of large power (coal/nuclear) plants) De-centralized energy circuits using biomass Consumer starts to be a producer ( + ) 27

28 Access to cheap energy - A crucial question for fighting against poverty!!! 28

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32 Who will profit? - new energy producers (consumers becomes producer), new market players - new workplaces in the regions: energy saving techniques, short-distance supply networks, solar energy and local workforce, biomass/ -gas, including decentralized vegetable oil technologies - but the old large energy suppliers wish to maintain centralized structures; they live from them 32

33 needs - a much more efficient use of energy in both, the developed and developing countries - structural changes in the energy and transport sector towards non polluting energy - help people and governments in establishing appropriate (= cheap) technologies such as renewable from local sources for local use - exchange of ideas and best practices - programs to implement them 33

34 EU-India round table - discussion on renewable energy and climate change - practical example form daily life: how to cook? today: cow dung, wood, kerosene health problems for women, environmental damage tomorrow: electricity from big power plants? or: cooker fired with vegetable oil from local production? 34

35 Plant Oil Stove - Protos Facts and figures: Power range: kw Usage: 2-6 liters oil per week for a family of liters per year Fuel: All plant oils, also used oils (development with coconut-oil) Efficiency: % Emissions: Ten times lower than with high quality kerosene CO2-balance: Neutral 35

36 Documentation of integrated project 36

37 needed: vegetable oil Strategy of de-centralization? a sustainable vegetable oil production by private farmer as a new source for a new environmental friendly, regional energy networks in which a farmer can become a real player in the economic chain or 37

38 vegetable oil/ biofuel Strategy of centralized structure? should the farmer just produce a cheap row material? or do we want to see not farmers, but an effective industrial production by big companies just for export as a bio -fuel, to feed the cars all over the world? 38

39 dezentralized oil-mill Ölmühle Kramerbräuhof in Pfaffenhofen Ölmühle Wöhrl in Galgenhofen / FFB 39

40 Petrol station on a farm 40

41 pure vegetable oil for tractors 41

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43 Pure vegetable oil for heating or cooling systems 100 kw el 120 kw th 43

44 the role of civil society - we have to start and to follow the discussion on the new energy policy - organize itself to counteract the lobby and self-interest of big multinational companies without civil society the new energy age will not be possible 44

45 let s explore new avenues! 45