CIVT 4201 Introduction to Environmental Engineering (4 Semester Credit Hours)

Transcription

1 CIVT 4201 Introduction to Environmental Engineering (4 Semester Credit Hours) I. Course Description: This course is an introductory course on the fundamental science and engineering principles of environmental protection and remediation. It is however limited to two areas of environmental engineering, namely, provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies; and proper disposal of or recycling of waste water and solid wastes. Basic concepts of environmental relationships; principles of environmental chemistry, microbiology, ecology and health are covered in this course. Also presented in the course are water quality parameters; water treatment processes; wastewater treatment processes; sludge treatment and disposal; and industrial wastewaters. The design of water, wastewater and sludge treatment units; water distribution and wastewater collection systems are investigated in this course. II. Expected Learning Outcome: The purpose of this course is to educate the student on the fundamental science and engineering principles of environmental engineering. The student is expected to gain the knowledge and skills required for effective contribution in water and wastewater treatment process as well as water distribution and wastewater collection systems design. Behavioral changes from participating in this course include ability to: Contribute to the enhancement and protection of the environment. Write and solve energy balance equations as well as solve heat transfer equations. Identify the significance of water quality parameters. Determine the peak flow resulting from a rainfall of specified intensity and duration and compute mass balances for open and closed hydrologic systems. Identify the four general categories of water treatment plants and the residuals they produce and establish a program for sludge management. Design certain water treatment units. Calculate the theoretical oxygen demand of a compound given the balanced oxidation reaction and calculate the critical oxygen deficit at the dissolved oxygen sag point. Determine the volume of a septic tank and the area of a tile field to treat wastewater from a family or institution. Calculate the mass of sludge to be wasted from an activated sludge process. III. General Information for Students Textbook:, This textbook is required. References: Howard S. Peavy, Donald S. Rowe and George Tchobanoglous, McGraw Hill, Raymond D. Letterman, Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies, Fifth Edition, American Water Works Association. American Society of Civil Engineers and American Water Works Association, Water Treatment Plant Design, Hammer, M. J. and M.J. Hammer, Jr., Water and Wastewater Technology, Prentice Hall, 2008, ISBN-10: Prerequisites: CHEM 1211, 1211L, CIVT 3201K 1

2 IV. Instruction Units/Modules: This course is designed to prepare the student for successful practice as an environmental engineering technologist in safe drinking water provision and sanitary disposal of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The materials that will be covered are organized under the following units of instruction: Unit 1. Introduction to environmental systems and regulations Unit 2. Materials and Energy Balances Unit 3. Hydrology Unit 4. Water Treatment Unit 5. Water Quality Management Unit 6. Wastewater Treatment Unit 7. Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Systems V. Evaluation of Learning Outcome: A variety of instruments and methods will be used to assess the competencies the student has acquired. These include: Homework assignments 30% Tests: 30% Final examination: 40% 2

3 VI. # Section of Task Analysis Instruction Unit 1 Environmental Regulation Enforcement 2 Unit 2: Materials and Energy Balances Table 1. Course Specific Matrix Level of Training/ priority % Course time Allotted Time (Weeks) Location and/or Facilities Unit 1: Introduction Very High Lecture room Moderate Lecture room 3 Water resources management Unit 3: Hydrology Moderate Lecture room 4 Water/Wastewater quality Analysis; Water system operation; Water purification system design, maintenance and operation 5 Water/Wastewater quality Analysis; Water system operation 6 Municipality water management and operation 7 Municipality water management and operation Unit 4: Water Treatment Unit 5. Water Quality Management Very High 40 6 Lecture room/ Lab Unit 4: Water Treatment Very High 21 3 Lecture room/ Lab Unit 6: Wastewater Treatment, Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Systems Unit 6: Wastewater Treatment Unit 7: Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Systems High 13 2 Lecture room/ Lab High 13 2 Lecture room/ Lab Total Resources/ references American Society of Civil Engineers and American Water Works Association, Water Treatment Plant Design, 1997 A. Cornwell 3

4 Instruction Unit One Introduction Introduction: A good beginning for this course would be taking a cursory look at the problems that will be discussed in the course as a way, perhaps, to whet the interest of the student in this discipline. While it may not be possible or even wise to identify all the issues that this introductory course and other courses in environmental engineering would cover in this unit, a cross section of them and their interrelatedness will be touched upon. This unit will provide an overview of environmental systems, and environmental laws and regulations. The student is also introduced to environmental ethics and the environmental engineering discipline in general. Required Entry Behavior: Knowledge of pollution and various waste generation. Behavioral Objectives: At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: Identify various environmental systems Describe the process through which environmental regulations are established. Demonstrate an understanding of an environmental code of ethics. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom presentations and reading assignments. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Environmental Systems-overview 30 minutes Environmental Legislation, Regulation, and Ethics 30 minutes 60 minutes (0.25 weeks) Unit Evaluation: Homework assignment. Materials covered in this unit will be part of the first test., 4

5 Instruction Unit Two Materials and Energy Balances Introduction: One of the most widely known physical laws is the law of conservation of matter. It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another. This concept is commonly referred to as a materials balance or a mass balance and it is one of the key tools for achieving a quantitative understanding of the behavior of environmental systems. They serve as a method of accounting for the flow of energy and materials into and out of environmental systems. This unit is designed to equip the student with the necessary skills for solving environmental engineering problems using a materials balance, and the energy balance equation. Required Entry Behavior: Proficiency in differential and integral calculus is required. Behavioral Objectives: At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: State the laws of conservation of matter, energy, and the combined law of matter and energy. Demonstrate an awareness of the importance of time as a factor in establishing the degree of severity of an environmental problem. Write and solve mass balance equations Develop a mass balance diagram to identify a given environmental problem, using the mass balance approach. Solve heat transfer equations for conduction, convection, and radiation individually and in combination. Write and solve energy balance equations. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom presentations and reading assignments. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Laws of Conservation of matter, Energy, and combined Matter and Energy 60 minutes Materials Balances 60 minutes Energy Balances and Heath Transfer 60 minutes 180 minutes (0.75 weeks) Unit Evaluation: Homework assignment; Materials covered in this unit will be part of the first test., 5

6 Instruction Unit Three: Hydrology Introduction: Hydrology is probably best expressed as the movement of water throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates. This movement of water from above, on and below the Earth s surface consitutes a cycle called the hydrologic cycle. It begins with water vaporizing into the atmosphere from vegetation, soil, lakes, rivers, snowfields and oceans, which forms clouds. These clouds return water to the land in the form of snow, hail or rain which either percolates into the soil or flows across the ground. The surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere while some of the excess infiltration into the soil begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Hydrologic cycle thus replaces ground water supply. This unit explores the phenomenon of hydrologic cycle and the various components of the hydrologic system. Required Entry Behavior: Proficiency in elementary algebra. Behavioral Objectives: At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: Perform point precipitation analysis. Determine the peak flow (Q) and time of arrival (t c ) resulting from a rainfall of specified intensity and duration in a well defined watershed. Determine the volume of a reservoir or retention basin for a given demand or flood control given appropriate discharge data. Sketch a well and label the major sanitary protection features. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom presentations and reading assignments. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Rainfall and Runoff Analysis 90 minutes Volume of Reservoirs 90 minutes Groundwater and wells 60 minutes 240 minutes (1 week) Unit Evaluation: Homework assignment; materials covered in this unit will be part of the first test., 6

7 Instruction Unit Four: Water Treatment Introduction: Over forty percent of the world population have no access to safe drinking water. Water borne diseases kill more than 25,000 people each day. In the United States, however, there are fewer than 25 waterborne disease outbreaks each year. This represents a good commentary on the good work done by the estimated 50,000 community water systems in the country. The fact that the United States and much of the developed world have an outstanding water supply record is not an accident. It is rather due to years of improvement in their water treatment technologies. Water treatment is the process used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. This unit examines water quality issues and various water treatment technologies. Categories of water quality for drinking water; hard water; plain sedimentation; coagulation and flocculation; coagulants; rapid mixers and flocculators; filtration; disinfection; chlorination and ozonation; softening; desalination, other treatment processes are discussed. Required Entry Behavior: knowledge of general chemistry. Behavioral Objectives: At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: List the four categories of water quality for drinking water. Estimate the amount of lime and soda ash required to soften water of a stated composition. Size a rapid-mix and flocculation basin for a given type of water treatment plant and determine the required power input. Size a sedimentation basin and estimate the required weir length Size a rapid sand filter and determine the clean-sand head loss and the depth of the expanded bed during backwash. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom, laboratory and field activities. The classroom presentations will be supplemented with laboratory activities. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Coagulation- Colloid Stability and destabilization 60 minutes Softening-Lime-Soda softening 180 minutes Mixing and Flocculation 180 minutes Sedimentation 180 minutes Filtration 180 minutes Disinfection 90 minutes Water Plant Residuals Management 90 minutes Lab Activities 480 minutes 1440 minutes (6.0 weeks) Laboratory Activities: Hydraulic characteristics of model settling basin; Jar test; Oxygen transfer using aeration apparatus; Determination of flexibility index. Unit Evaluation: Materials covered in this unit will be part of the first test. Homework assignment and formal laboratory report will be required., American Society of Civil Engineers and American Water Works Association, Water Treatment Plant Design,

8 Instruction Unit Five: Water Quality Management Introduction: The usefulness of water in lakes, rivers, ponds, and streams is greatly dependent on the quality of water in them. Water quality management is concerned with the control of pollution from human activity so that the water is not degraded to the point that it is no longer suitable for its intended uses. To determine how much waste can be assimilated by a water body without rendering it unfit for its intended use, one must know the type of pollutants discharged and the manner in which they affect water quality. In addition, it is important to know how natural factors such as the mineral heritage of the watershed, the geometry of the terrain, and the climate of the region affect water quality. This unit is an investigation of the manner in which various pollutants and other geographic conditions affect the quality of water. The use of chemical and physical properties to evaluate water quality is presented. Required Entry Behavior: knowledge of general chemistry; Proficiency in elementary algebra and calculus. Behavioral Objectives: At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: Calculate the ThOD (theoretical oxygen demand) of a compound given the balance oxidation reaction(s). Calculate the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) rate constant k and the ultimate BOD (Lo) from experimental data of BOD versus time. Sketch a graph showing the effect of varying rate constant on 5-day BOD if the ultimate BOD is the same and the effect on ultimate BOD if the 5-day BOD is the same. Calculate the oxygen deficit D in a length of stream, given the required input data. Calculate the critical oxygen deficit DO (dissolved oxygen) at the DO sag point. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom and field activities. The classroom presentations will be supplemented with laboratory activities. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Water Pollutants and Their Sources 60 minutes Water Quality Management in Rivers 240 minutes Water Quality Management in Lakes 60 minutes Water Quality Management in Estuaries 60 minutes Groundwater Quality Management 60 minutes Lab Activities 240 minutes 720 minutes (3.0 weeks) Laboratory Activities: Water/Wastewater quality analysis for: ph, Alkalinity, Chlorides, Hardness, Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, Iron and Manganese, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Coliforms Unit Evaluation: Materials covered in this unit will be part of the second test. Formal laboratory report will be required., Raymond D. Letterman, Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies, Fifth Edition, American Water Works Association 8

9 Instruction Unit Six Wastewater Treatment Introduction: In the interest of sustainability as well as fundamental economic efficiency, wastewater must be viewed as a raw material that needs to be conserved. Both the water recovered from wastewater treatment and some of the byproducts have economic use. The organic compounds in wastewater for example are a source of energy. The process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic is called wastewater treatment and is the subjet of this unit of instruction.. It involves physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. The result of these processes is a waste stream and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment This unit will cover wastewater characteristics; decomposition of wastewaters (aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic); industrial wastewaters; processes and design of component units; primary treatment; screens; grit chambers; primary sedimentation; secondary treatment; suspended culture systems; completely mixed and plug flow reactors; process variations; stabilization pond systems; attached culture systems; trickling filters, biotowers and rotating biological contactors; secondary clarifiers; advanced wastewater treatment; nutrient removal; effluent reuse and disposal; sludge treatment and disposal - thickening, digestion, vacuum filtration, drying and incineration; and an introduction to treatment of industrial wastewaters. Required Entry Behavior: knowledge of general chemistry; knowledge of water pollutants; proficiency in elementary algebra and calculus. Behavioral Objectives; At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: List BOD5 values for strong, medium, and weak domestic wastewater. List and describe five-on-site alternatives for treating and/or disposing of domestic sewage. Choose the correct on-site treatment/disposal system on the basis of population, land use, and soil conditions. Explain the difference between pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment, and show how they are related. Define SVI and explain its use in the design and operation of an activated sludge plant. Determine the volume of a septic tank and the area of a tile field to treat wastewater from a family or institution. Evaluate or size primary and secondary sedimentation tanks with respect to detention time, overflow rate, solids loadings and, weir loadings Determine whether or not a grit particle of given diameter and density will be captured in a given velocity-controlled grit chamber. Calculate the required mass of sludge to be wasted from an activated sludge process given the appropriate data. Perform a sludge mass balance, given the separation efficiencies and appropriate mass flow rate. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom, and reading assignments. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Wastewater Treatment Standards 60 minutes Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems 120 minutes Primary Treatment 60 minutes Unit Processes of Secondary Treatment 180 minutes 9

10 Advanced Wastewater Treatment 120 minutes Sludge Treatment and Disposal 180 minutes 720 minutes (3.0 weeks) Unit Evaluation: Materials covered in this unit will be part of the third test; Completed homework assignment will be required., 10

11 Instruction Unit Seven: Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Systems Introduction: Employment opportunities exist in water distribution and wastewater collection with municipalities, private water operators, consultants and construction companies. The purpose of this unit is to prepare the student for a successful career in this lucrative field. The unit integrates science and engineering principles to design water distribution systems, wastewater collection systems, and pumping stations. The application of scientific and engineering knowledge in solving engineering problems associated with the design and operation of water distribution and wastewater collection systems is exercised to provide experiences in realistic environmental engineering technology practice This application of hydraulics, and human needs and demands in the design of water distribution systems and wastewater collection systems is illustrated in this unit of instruction. Required Entry Behavior: Knowledge of wastewater treatment and water management principles. Behavioral Objectives At the completion of this unit, the student will be able to: Identify the design components of a water distribution system. Identify the design components of a wastewater collection system. Learning Activities and Strategies: This unit consists of classroom, and reading assignments. The following is a tentative plan for covering the instructional materials for achieving unit objectives: Water distribution systems: types; storage; distribution and pumping; capacity of 120 minutes service reservoirs; introduction to design of distribution systems Wastewater collection systems: sanitary and storm sewer systems; introduction to 120 minutes design; sewer appurtenances 240 minutes (1.0 weeks) Unit Evaluation: Materials covered in this unit will be part of the final test. Hammer, M. J. and M.J. Hammer, Jr., Water and Wastewater Technology, Prentice Hall, 2008, ISBN-10: