Chapter 16 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 Chapter 16 ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS This commentary focuses on the regulations set forth in this chapter. There have been many studies that can be sited about the amount of coliforms, Nitrogen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), phosphorus, pharmaceuticals and endocrine suppressors found in cosmetics that are present in gray water. It is not IAPMO s intention to either affirm or debunk these studies. As long as human contact with gray water is minimal, the risks are minimal and gray water can reduce the amount of potable water used in applications that can benefit from this source of water. Fresh water stresses around the world are growing and so is the cost. It is just as important to develop alternate water sources as it is to develop alternate sources of Energy. As long as these regulations are followed, IAPMO sets the ground work for the safe use of Gray Water and other alternate water sources. TOILET DISH WASHER BATH SHOWER MISC. KITCHEN SINK CLOTHES WASHER Black Water Gray Water What is Gray Water Versus Black Water? General Applicability. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the construction, alteration, and repair of alternate water source systems for non-potable applications Allowable Use of Alternate Water. Where approved or required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, alternate water sources [reclaimed (recycled)] water, rainwater, gray water and on-site treated non-potable water) shall be permitted to be used in lieu of potable water for the applications identified in this chapter System Design. Alternate water source systems in accordance with this chapter shall be designed by a person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design work. Components, piping, and fittings used in an alternate water source system shall be listed. Most jurisdictions will allow landscape architects to design the downstream side of the gray water system (after alterations to the existing plumbing system). They have a thorough understanding of soil types, root zones of specific plants, erosion control, and are one of the professional categories to become SWPPP (Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan) developers and practitioners. This type of expertise is required to prevent gray water from ponding and runoff potential. 1

2 Exceptions: (1) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design work is not required to design rainwater catchment systems used for irrigation with a maximum storage capacity of 360 gallons (1363 L). Small rainwater catchment systems are very simple to install, thus don t need a licensed designer to design them when no connection to house plumbing is involved. (2) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design work is not required to design rainwater catchment systems for single family dwellings where outlets, piping, and system components are located on the exterior of the building. Rainwater catchment systems at single family dwellings usually consist of a simple diversion of one gutter into a catchment tank. Sometimes simple first flush diverter systems are used to prevent the dirtiest first rain of the season from entering the system. Usually, a hose with a shut off valve is at the bottom. These systems are so simple they do not require a licensed installer. (3) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design work is not required to design gray water systems having a maximum discharge capacity of 250 gallons per day (gal/d) (0.011 L/s) for single family and multi-family dwellings. Many gray water systems are very simple, often gravity based with no tanks or pumps. Even the small pumped and filtered manufactured type gray water systems are very simple to install, and can be installed in just a few hours. If the system has larger volumes of water, or is from commercial buildings, a licensed person would be required to design the system. (4) A person registered or licensed to perform plumbing design work is not required to design an on-site treated non-potable water system for single family dwellings having a maximum discharge capacity of 250 gal/d (0.011 L/s) Permit. It shall be unlawful for a person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, or altered an alternate water source system in a building or on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The following pages show a sample permit application for a simple residential system 2

3 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage Please read the California Plumbing Code Chapter 16 Design Requirements before completing this form. Assessor s Parcel No.: 1. Project address: 2. Owners name and contact info: 3. Designer s Name License # Designer s signature 4. Description of project (include type and number of fixtures to be diverted): 5. Daily graywater flow calculation: Number of bedrooms: Number of occupants (1+ # of bedrooms) Lavatory/Shower/bath = 25 gallons per day per occupant Laundry = Washing machine = 15 gallons/day per occupant Daily graywater flow = gallons per day COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

4 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage 6. Determine soil type: Choice A. Use table below for absorption rates. Choice B. Soil Test. Gray water system shall be installed only in the area and depth that was tested. Choice A. Minimum irrigation field size needed = # of gallons of gray water produced daily Choice B. Soil type: (Soil Test) Minimum irrigation field: Divide total GPD by the number in the column of Table of your soil type. Table 16A-2 Soil Type Maximum absorption capacity in gallons per square foot of irrigation area per day Coarse sand or gravel 5.0 Fine sand 4.0 Sandy loam 2.5 Sandy clay 1.7 Clay with considerable sand or gravel 1.1 Clay with small amounts of sand or gravel 0.8 Example: 100 gallon/day of graywater in fine sand soil would need 100/4.0= 25 square feet of irrigation area Minimum irrigation field size needed based on soil type: I certify that I have the home owners manual for this system, that I have read it, and that I will maintain the system as outlined in the manual. I understand that if there is a complaint investigation that verifies a violation of the applicable standards, improper use of the system, or non performing the necessary maintenance, that I will be held responsible for any fines or costs resulting from the investigation. Signature of property owner Date COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

5 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage Permit Checklist for simple gravity, no storage, graywater system Check if complete Item Changes Needed/Comments Connection to plumbing fixture and piping Connection to plumbing fixture and piping 3-way diverter valve installed after trap and vent Valve is clearly labeled Backwater valve is installed on sewer side of 3-way valve in the horizontal position Upgrades to plumbing if needed (Drainage alteration) 2 pipe is run to outside of building using the provisions of 2012 UPC Pipe is labeled CAUTION : NON-POTABLE GRAY WATER DO NOT DRINK with yellow lettering 108 Pantone or equivalent with purple background All piping from diverter valve to outside conforms to chapter 16, 2012 UPC Installation doesn t violate other codes or damage building. Landscape irrigation Irrigation field size meets minimum requirements Gray water discharged minimum of 2 below surface or mulch Mulch depth: 10 min. Graywater is not irrigating edible portion of plants (ie. root crops) Groundwater depth below 3 ft. (checked with test hole) Operations and Maintenance Owners Manual has been read and is at the site. COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

6 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage Sample Plot Plan of Gray Water System Setback distance for greywater irrigation systems ((From Table ) Location of Gray water System) Minimum horizontal distance for greywater irrigation systems Building structures: 5 ft. Property line: 1.5 ft. Streams and lakes: 50 ft.* Onsite domestic water service line: 5 ft. Pressurized public water main: 10 ft. * See footnotes in Table COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

7 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage Sample Plot or Site Plan Address: Using the graph below, indicate where on the property the graywater will be used (see sample site plan on the previous page). Indicate setbacks to property lines, house and other structures, drainage ways, 30% slopes, and drinking water lines. Show street frontage and your driveway. COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

8 Application For Graywater Irrigation System Permit Residential Gravity Systems, Mulch Basin, No Storage Sample Plot or Site Plan Address: Using the graph below, indicate the use of each room (bedroom, bathroom, etc) adjacent or connected to the graywater fixture. COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY BUILDING SERVICES DEPARTMENT 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA Inspection Services: FAX: TDD:

9 Exceptions: (1) A permit is not required for exterior rainwater catchment systems used for outdoor drip and subsurface irrigation with a maximum storage capacity of 360 gallons (1363 L) This should not be construed as an exception to anchor all tanks where required by regional seismic zone and the Building, Plumbing and Mechanical Codes. See exception 2 (2) A plumbing permit is not required for rainwater catchment systems for single family dwellings where outlets, piping, and system components are located on the exterior of the building. This does not exempt the need for permits where required for electrical connections, tank supports, or enclosures Component Identification. System components shall be properly identified as to the manufacturer Maintenance and Inspection. Alternate water source systems and components shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with Section through Section Frequency. Alternate water source systems and components shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with Table unless more frequent inspection and maintenance is required by the manufacturer. These maintenance requirements will help ensure the systems continue to function as designed and do not pose any problems or hazards to the user Maintenance Log. Maintenance log for gray water, rainwater, and on-site treated non-potable water systems is required to have a permit in accordance with Section and shall be maintained by the property owner and be available for inspection. The property owner or designated appointee shall ensure that a record of testing, inspection and maintenance in accordance with Table is maintained in the log. The log will indicate the frequency of inspection and maintenance for each system Maintenance Responsibility. The required maintenance and inspection of alternate water source systems shall be the responsibility of the property owner, unless otherwise required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. It is ultimately the responsibility of the property owner to maintain their system. Some property owners will chose to have a maintenance contract with the installer. At some point in time it may be necessary and required by the EPA to provide post construction maintenance agreements, yearly inspections and reporting by the local authority to the State s water boards. TABLE MIN. ALTERNATE WATER SOURCE TESTING, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE FREQUENCY DESCRIPTION MINIMUM FREQUENCY Inspect and clean filters and screens, and replace (where necessary). Every 3 months Inspect and verify that disinfection, filters and water quality treatment devices and systems are operational and maintaining minimum water quality requirements as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Inspect and clear debris from rainwater gutters, downspouts, and roof washers. Inspect and clear debris from roof or other aboveground rainwater collection surfaces. Remove tree branches and vegetation overhanging roof or other aboveground rainwater collection surfaces. Inspect pumps and verify operation. Inspect valves and verify operation. Inspect pressure tanks and verify operation. Clear debris from and inspect storage tanks, locking devices, and verify operation. Inspect caution labels and marking. Inspect and maintain mulch basins for gray water irrigation systems. Cross-connection inspection and test* 9 In accordance with manufacturer s instructions, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Every 6 months Every 6 months As needed After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter As needed to maintain mulch depth and prevent ponding and runoff. After initial installation and every 12 months thereafter * The cross-connection test shall be performed in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

10 Operation and Maintenance Manual. An operation and maintenance manual for gray water, rainwater, and on-site treated water systems required to have a permit in accordance with Section shall be supplied to the building owner by the system designer. The operating and maintenance manual shall include the following: (1) Detailed diagram of the entire system and the location of system components. (2) Instructions on operating and maintaining the system. (3) Details on maintaining the required water quality as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. (4) Details on deactivating the system for maintenance, repair, or other purposes. (5) Applicable testing, inspection, and maintenance frequencies in accordance with Table (6) A method of contacting the manufacturer(s). This operations and maintenance manual will help owners understand their system and the maintenance needs. If the dwelling changes ownership the O&M manual is critical to transfer key information to the new owner Minimum Water Quality Requirements. The minimum water quality for alternate water source systems shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the intended application as determined by the public health Authority Having Jurisdiction. In the absence of water quality requirements, the EPA/625/R-04/108 contains recommended water reuse guidelines to assist regulatory agencies develop, revise, or expand alternate water source water quality standards. Exceptions: (1) Water treatment is not required for rainwater catchment systems used for aboveground irrigation with a maximum storage capacity of 360 gallons (1363 L). (2) Water treatment is not required for gray water used for subsurface irrigation. (3) Water treatment is not required for rainwater catchment systems used for subsurface or drip irrigation. Most States have guidelines for water quality and NSF has developed standard 350 for indoor non potable reuse. It s imperative that local jurisdictions follow their State Guidelines to prevent liability concerns. California guidelines for tertiary water can be found in the California Code of Regulations. EPA guidelines can be found at Water treatment is needed in systems where there is a potential for direct contact from the occupants of the dwellings. The exceptions listed above are situations where there is little to no risk of contact with the non-potable water (rainwater, gray water). Subsurface irrigation distributes the non-potable water below the surface of the soil, which itself is not safe for human consumption, so the addition of a non-potable irrigation water is inconsequential (so long as the other safety precautions outlines in this code are followed) Material Compatibility. Alternate water source systems shall be constructed of materials that are compatible with the type of pipe and fitting materials, water treatment, and water conditions in the system System Controls. Controls for pumps, valves, and other devices that contain mercury that come in contact with alternate water source water supply shall not be permitted. Many pre-manufactured sump and ejector systems contain float switch activated pumps. It must be determined if those float switches contain mercury to prevent accidental contamination of the collected gray water and irrigation zones. 10

11 Gray Water Systems Gray Water: Laundry to Landscape way valve 7 Vacuum breaker 12 Barbed 1 in. female hose adapter (not shown) 2 PVC 1 in. male adapter 8 1 in. PVC tee 13 1 in. 1 in. 1 in. tee 3 1 in. barbed male adapter 9 1 in. barbed x-slip adapter 14 1 in. Schedule 40 PVC pipe 4 Hose clamp PVC 1 in. 1½ in. bushing 1 in. ½ in. barbed tee or 1 in. ½ in. Blu-Lock tee ½ in. poly tubing 1 in. HDPE tubing PVC 1½ in. female adapter 11 ½ in. ball valve 17 Mulch shield or valve box Illustrations 2012 Code Check General. The provisions of this section shall apply to the construction, alteration, and repair of gray water systems System Requirements Discharge. Gray water shall be permitted to be diverted away from a sewer or private sewage disposal system, and discharge to a subsurface irrigation or subsoil irrigation system. The gray water shall be permitted to discharge to a mulch basin for single family and multi-family dwellings. Gray water shall not be used to irrigate root crops or food crops intended for human consumption that come in contact with soil. 11

12 In Multiunit/Multistory buildings that require suds relief, care should be taken to assure that the suds relief is accomplished before discharging to the irrigation system. Since gray water is non-potable, it is important it not contact the edible portion of any food plant. This is to avoid accidental ingestion of gray water via a food source, like a carrot. Above ground edible portions of food plants, like fruit, corn, or tomatoes, irrigated with subsurface gray water are safe to eat Surge Capacity. Gray water systems shall be designed to have the capacity to accommodate peak flow rates and distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis to a subsurface irrigation field, subsoil irrigation field, or mulch basin without surfacing, ponding, or runoff. A surge tank is required for systems that are unable to accommodate peak flow rates and distribute the total amount of gray water by gravity drainage. The water discharge for gray water systems shall be determined in accordance with Section or Section Due to the organic matter and nutrients typically found in untreated gray water, storage longer than one day is undesirable and unhealthy. The nutrients break down, using oxygen and causing malodorous smells. Bacteria can breed in the tank and decrease the quality and potential unhealthy constituents of the gray water. Once gray water has been distributed into the ground nutrients become taken up by plants and the soil bacteria break down other constituents. Odor is not an issue. Pooling and runoff should not occur in gray water systems as both cause a potential exposure route to the water, provide mosquito breeding habitat, and could leave the property and potentially enter a storm drain Diversion. The point of diversion of gray water to the sanitary drainage system shall occur downstream of fixture traps and vent connections through an approved gray water diverter valve. The gray water diverter shall be installed in an accessible location and clearly indicate the direction of flow. Gray water diverter valves need to be turned during times gray water is either not needed (ie. rainy season), or not healthy (ie. use of potentially harmful products to plants, like the occasional hair dye). If valves are not physically accessible, a simple electronic actuator can be included to allow for a switch inside the dwelling to control the valve. Gray Water: 3-Way Valve 3-way valve for diverting laundry graywater to the landscape. Vacuum breaker Note: There are no gray water diverter valves on the US market. What is typically used are Jandy or Pentair valves (or other similar company), which are manufactured for pool and spa industry. The alternative is to use two, 2-way valves manufactured for drainage plumbing, but the drawback is this allows the user to shut off both valves and create a back flow, or open both. PVC tee To landscape To washer Discharge from washer 12

13 Backwater Valves. Gray water drains subject to backflow shall be provided with a backwater valve so located as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance. Backwater valves prevent the contamination of the gray water system or surge tank in the event of a sanitary sewer or building drain stoppages. Tub vent Vents tied together 6 in. above highest fixture flood rim Sink vent P trap Toilet vent 3-way divertor valve 6 ft. max. To landscape Approved transition couplings or fittings Most check valves require horizontal position Cleanout To sewer Cleanout 3-Way Valve in Shower or Sink System Connections to Potable and Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems. Gray water systems shall have no direct connection to a potable water supply, on-site treated non-potable water supply, or reclaimed (recycled) water systems. Potable, on-site treated non-potable, or reclaimed (recycled) water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a non-pressurized storage tank provided the connection is protected by an air gap in accordance with this code. Extreme care should be taken to prevent any possibility of gray water, or other non-potable water, from entering the potable water system. An air gap between the non-potable, and the potable water will ensure contamination will not occur. Note: A Reduced Pressure Backflow Device is not a substitute for an air gap. 13

14 Location. No gray water system or part thereof shall be located on a lot other than the lot that is the site of the building or structure that discharges the gray water, nor shall a gray water system or part thereof be located at a point having less than the minimum distances indicated in Table These setbacks are designed to prevent gray water from causing potential problems, either physical (ie. water damage to buildings from being too close), or environmental (ie. polluting a lake due to nutrients in gray water). TABLE LOCATION OF GRAY WATER SYSTEM 7 MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE IN CLEAR REQUIRED FROM SURGE TANK (feet) SUBSURFACE AND SUBSOIL IRRIGATION FIELD AND MULCH BED (feet) Building structures 1 5 2, 9 2 3, 8 Property line adjoining private property Water supply wells Streams and lakes Sewage pits or cesspools 5 5 Sewage disposal field Septic tank 0 5 On-site domestic water service line 5 5 Pressurized public water main For SI units: 1 foot = mm 1. Including porches & steps, whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, roofed carports, roofed patios, carports, covered walks, covered driveways, & similar structures or appurtenances. 2. The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for aboveground tanks where first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 3. Reference to a 45 degree (0.79 rad) angle from foundation. 4. Where special hazards are involved, the distance required shall be increased as directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 5. These minimum clear horizontal distances shall apply between the irrigation or disposal field & the ocean mean higher high tide line. 6. Add 2 feet (610 mm) for each additional foot of depth in excess of 1 foot (305 mm) below the bottom of the drain line. 7. For parallel construction or for crossings, approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required. 8. The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 11 2 feet (457 mm) for drip & mulch basin irrigation systems. 9. The distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet for surge tanks of 75 gallons (284 L) or less. 10. Where irrigation or disposal fields are installed in sloping ground, the minimum horizontal distance between a part of the distribution system & the ground surface shall be 15 feet (4572 mm) Plot Plan Submission. No permit for a gray water system shall be issued until a plot plan with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction has been submitted and approved Prohibited Location. Where there is insufficient lot area or inappropriate soil conditions for adequate absorption to prevent the ponding, surfacing, or runoff of the gray water, as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, no gray water system shall be permitted. A gray water system is not permitted on a property in a geologically sensitive area as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Geologically sensitive sites may include steep hill side lots, lots with water courses and sites subject to landslide. This is not all inclusive and each State may have its own guidelines or refer to Federal Standards Drawings and Specifications. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall require the following information to be included with or in the plot plan before a permit is issued for a gray water system, or at a time during the construction thereof: (1) Plot plan drawn to scale and completely dimensioned, showing lot lines and structures, direction and approximate slope of surface, location of present or proposed retaining walls, drainage channels, water supply lines, wells, paved areas and structures on the plot, number of bedrooms and plumbing fixtures in each structure, location of private sewage disposal system and expansion area or building sewer connecting to the public sewer, and location of the proposed gray water system. (2) Details of construction necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of this chapter, together with a full description of the complete installation, including installation methods, construction, and materials in accordance with the Authority Having Jurisdiction 14

15 (3) Details for holding tanks shall include dimensions, structural calculations, bracings, and such other pertinent data as required. (4) A log of soil formations and groundwater level as determined by test holes dug in proximity to proposed irrigation area, together with a statement of water absorption characteristics of the soil at the proposed site as determined by approved percolation tests. Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall permit the use of Table in lieu of percolation tests. (5) Distance between the plot and surface waters such as lakes, ponds, rivers or streams, and the slope between the plot and the surface water, where in close proximity Procedure for Estimating Gray Water Discharge. Gray water systems shall be designed to distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis. The water discharge for gray water systems shall be determined in accordance with Section or Section Single Family Dwellings and Multi-Family Dwellings. The gray water discharge for single family and multi-family dwellings shall be calculated by water use records, calculations of local daily per person interior water use, or the following procedure: (1) The number of occupants of each dwelling unit shall be calculated as follows: First Bedroom = 2 occupants Each additional bedroom = 1 occupant (2) The estimated gray water flows of each occupant shall be calculated as follows: Showers, bathtubs, and lavatories = 25 gallons (95 L) per day/occupant Laundry = 15 gallons (57 L) per day/occupant (3) The total number of occupants shall be multiplied by the applicable estimated gray water discharge as provided above and the type of fixtures connected to the gray water system. Most States adoption of Green code requirements for water saving fixtures will require this section to be revisited for the next code cycle. The calculations above will have to be changed to reflect real world usage Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Occupancies. The gray water discharge for commercial, industrial, and institutional occupancies shall be calculated by utilizing the procedure in Section , water use records, or other documentation to estimate gray water discharge Gray Water System Components. Gray water system components shall comply with Section through Section Surge Tanks. Where installed, surge tanks shall be in accordance with the following: (1) Surge tanks shall be constructed of solid, durable materials not subject to excessive corrosion or decay and shall be watertight. Surge tanks constructed of steel shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, provided such tanks are in accordance with approved applicable standards. (2) Each surge tank shall be vented in accordance with this code. The vent size shall be determined based on the total gray water fixture units as outlined in this code. Vent shall be screened to prevent mosquito habitat. Mosquitos would be able to travel to the exterior to open air through the gray water discharge line. (3) Each surge tank shall have an access opening with lockable gasketed covers or approved equivalent to allow for inspection and cleaning. (4) Each surge tank shall have its rated capacity permanently marked on the unit. In addition, a sign stating GRAY WA- TER, DANGER UNSAFE WATER shall be permanently marked on the holding tank. (5) Each surge tank shall have an overflow drain. The overflow drains shall have permanent connections to the building drain or building sewer, upstream of septic tanks. The overflow drain shall not be equipped with a shutoff valve. (6) The overflow drain pipes shall not be less in size than the inlet pipe. Unions or equally effective fittings shall be provided for piping connected to the surge tank. (7) Surge tank shall be structurally designed to withstand anticipated earth or other loads. Surge tank covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not less than 300 pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) (1465 kg/m2) where the tank is designed for underground installation. 15

16 (8) Where a surge tank is installed underground, the system shall be designed so that the tank overflow will gravity drain to the existing sewer line or septic tank. The tank shall be protected against sewer line backflow by a backwater valve installed in accordance with this code. (9) Surge tanks shall be installed on dry, level, well-compacted soil where underground or on a level 3 inch (76 mm) thick concrete slab where aboveground. (10) Surge tanks shall be anchored to prevent against overturning where installed aboveground. Underground tanks shall be ballasted, anchored, or otherwise secured, to prevent the tank from floating out of the ground where empty. The combined weight of the tank and hold down system shall meet or exceed the buoyancy forces of the tank. It is highly unlikely to require a running trap and vent. As long as the upstream fixtures discharging into the surge tank are trapped and vented to code, the running trap would not be needed. The vent on the surge tank will prevent the tank from getting air bound Gray Water Pipe and Fitting Materials. Aboveground and underground building drainage and vent pipe and fittings for gray water systems shall comply with the requirements for above ground and underground sanitary building drainage and vent pipe and fittings in this code. These materials shall extend not less than 2 feet (610 mm) outside the building Subsoil Irrigation Field Materials. Subsoil irrigation field piping shall be constructed of perforated high-density polyethylene pipe, perforated ABS pipe, perforated PVC pipe, or other approved materials, provided that sufficient openings are available for distribution of the gray water into the trench area. Material, construction, and perforation of the pipe shall be in accordance with the appropriate absorption field drainage piping standards and shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 16

17 HDPE is becoming more popular and has excellent characteristics for gray water piping/tubing The AHJ will have to approve this material, since it is not in this section Subsurface Irrigation Field and Mulch Basin Supply Line Materials. Materials for gray water piping outside the building shall be polyethylene or PVC. Drip feeder lines shall be PVC or polyethylene tubing. Same as above Valves. Valves shall be accessible Trap. Gray water piping discharging into the surge tank or having a direct connection to the sanitary drain or sewer piping shall be downstream of an approved water seal type trap(s). Where no such trap(s) exists, an approved vented running trap shall be installed upstream of the connection to protect the building from possible waste or sewer gases Backwater Valve. A backwater valve shall be installed on gray water drain connections to the sanitary drain or sewer. Backwater valves are designed to be installed in the horizontal position. The use of backwater valves in the vertical position must be approved by the manufacturer. Equally important is the direction of flow. Many ejector backwater valves are designed for vertical installation but only when the valve is closed when the pump is not active. Some gray water guidelines portray the valve in the vertical position and stay open unless there is a sewer back up. This installation is not recommended and the valve will not shut properly when required Subsurface Irrigation System Zones. Irrigation or disposal fields shall be permitted to have one or more valved zones. Each zone shall be of a size to receive the gray water anticipated in that zone Required Area of Subsurface Irrigation Fields, Subsoil Irrigation Fields and Mulch Basins. The minimum effective irrigation area of subsurface irrigation fields, subsoil irrigation fields, and mulch basins shall be determined by Table for the type of soil found in the excavation, based upon a calculation of estimated gray water discharge pursuant to Section For a subsoil irrigation field, the area shall be equal to the aggregate length of the perforated pipe sections within the valved zone multiplied by the width of the proposed subsoil irrigation field Determination of Maximum Absorption Capacity. The irrigation field and mulch basin size shall be based on the maximum absorption capacity of the soil and determined using Table For soils not listed in Table , the maximum absorption capacity for the proposed site shall be determined by percolation tests or other method acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A gray water system shall not be permitted, where the percolation test shows the absorption capacity of the soil is unable to accommodate the maximum discharge of the proposed gray water irrigation system Groundwater Level. No excavation for an irrigation field, disposal field, or mulch basin shall extend within 3 feet (914 mm) vertical of the highest known seasonal groundwater level, nor to a depth where gray water contaminates the groundwater or surface water. The applicant shall supply evidence of groundwater depth to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. TABLE TYPE OF SOIL DESIGN OF SIX TYPICAL SOILS Minimum Square Feet Of Irrigation Area Per 100 Gallons Of Estimated Gray Water Discharge Per Day Maximum Absorption Capacity In Gallons Per Square Foot Of Irrigation/Leaching Area For A 24-Hour Period Coarse sand or gravel Fine sand Sandy loam Sandy clay Clay with considerable sand or gravel Clay with small amounts of sand or gravel For SI units: 1 square foot = m2, 1 gallon per day = L/s 17

18 Subsurface and Subsoil Irrigation Field, and Mulch Basin Design and Construction. Subsurface and subsoil irrigation field, and mulch basin design and construction shall be in accordance with Section through Section Where a gray water irrigation system design is predicated on soil tests, the subsurface or subsoil irrigation field or mulch basin shall be installed at the same location and depth as the tested area Subsurface Irrigation Field. A subsurface irrigation field shall comply with Section through Section Minimum Depth. Supply piping, including drip feeders, shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) below finished grade and covered with mulch or soil Filter. Not less than 140 mesh (105 micron) filter with a capacity of 25 gallons per minute (gpm) (1.58 L/s), or equivalent shall be installed. Where a filter backwash is installed, the backwash and flush discharge shall discharge into the building sewer or private sewage disposal system. Filter backwash and flush water shall not be used. These are easily obtained filters and prevent the emitters from getting clogged and discharging of unwanted solids into the irrigation zone Emitter Size. Emitters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer s installation instructions. Emitters shall have a flow path of not less than 1200 microns (µ) (1200 µm) and shall not have a coefficient of manufacturing variation (Cv) exceeding 7 percent. Irrigation system design shall be such that emitter flow variation shall not exceed 10 percent. Emitter flow can be obtained through the manufacturer or the Center for Irrigation Technology/International center for water technology, Fresno Ca. For lab inquiries see their site at Number of Emitters. The minimum number of emitters and the maximum discharge of each emitter in an irrigation field shall be in accordance with Table TABLE SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SIX TYPICAL SOILS Type Of Soil Maximum Emitter Discharge (gallons per day) Minimum Number Of Emitters Per Gallon Of Estimated Gray Water Discharge Per Day* (gallons per day) Sand Sandy loam Loam Clay loam Silty clay Clay For SI units: 1 gallon per day = L/s *The estimated gray water discharge per day shall be determined in accordance with Section of this code Controls. The system design shall provide user controls, such as valves, switches, timers, and other controllers, to rotate the distribution of gray water between irrigation zones Maximum Pressure. Where pressure at the discharge side of the pump exceeds 20 pounds-force per square inch (psi) (138 kpa), a pressure-reducing valve able to maintain downstream pressure not exceeding 20 psi (138 kpa) shall be installed downstream from the pump and before an emission device. 18

19 Mulch Basin. A mulch basin shall comply with Section through Section Mulch Shield Inside of Mulch Basin ABS or PVC pipe at least 2 in. below surface Outlet at least 2 in. below surface Mulch shield Mulch basin 6 in. 4 in. 10 in. min. Roots of a real tree would extend under basin and outside of drip line by many feet. 19

20 Single Family and Multi-Family Dwellings. The gray water discharge to a mulch basin is limited to single family and multi-family dwellings Size. Mulch basins shall be of sufficient size to accommodate peak flow rates and distribute the total amount of estimated gray water on a daily basis without surfacing, ponding or runoff. Mulch basins shall have a depth of not less than 10 inches (254 mm) below finished grade. The mulch basin size shall be based on the maximum absorption capacity of the soil and determined using Table Minimum Depth. Gray water supply piping, including drip feeders, shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) below finished grade and covered with mulch Maintenance. The mulch basin shall be maintained periodically to retain the required Below grade gray water outlets must be protected from root intrusion of plants. The most common way to do this is to create an air gap around the outlet by using some sort of solid shield, like an adapted irrigation valve box. If gray water is required to be covered in mulch it will encourage systems that are prone to clogging, or encourage people to bury their irrigation valve boxes and have a harder time doing maintenance. A simple fix would be to include solid shield to the allowable coverings Subsoil Irrigation Field. Subsoil irrigation fields shall comply with Section through Section TABLE SUBSOIL IRRIGATION FIELD CONSTRUCTION Description Minimum Maximum Number of drain lines per valved zone 1 - Length of each perforated line feet Bottom width of trench 12 inches 18 inches Spacing of lines, center to center 4 feet - Depth of earth cover of lines 10 inches - Depth of filter material cover of lines 2 inches - Depth of filter material beneath lines 3 inches - Grade of perforated lines level level 3 inches per 100 feet For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m Vadose Zone (Zone Capillary Fringe Water Table Hydrolic Gradient Flow of Groundwater Zone of Saturation 20

21 18 in. min. 10 in. min. 8 in. min. 2 in. 3 in. Grade Soil Untreated building paper Gravel 3 in. perforated pipe Subsoil Irrigation Minimum Pipe Size. Subsoil irrigation field distribution piping shall be not less than 3 inches (80 mm) diameter. The piping size for subsoil irrigation is never less than 3 whereas mulch and emitter systems use smaller tubing/pipe Filter Material and Backfill. Filter material, clean stone, gravel, slag, or similar material acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, varying in size from 3 4 of an inch (19.1 mm) to 21 2 inches (64 mm) shall be placed in the trench to the depth and grade in accordance with Table The perforated section of subsoil irrigation field distribution piping shall be laid on the filter material in an approved manner. The perforated section shall then be covered with filter material to the minimum depth in accordance with Table The filter material shall then be covered with porous material to prevent closure of voids with earth backfill. No earth backfill shall be placed over the filter material cover until after inspection and acceptance Subsoil Irrigation Field Construction. Subsoil irrigation fields shall be constructed in accordance with Table Where necessary on sloping ground to prevent excessive line slopes, irrigation lines shall be stepped. The lines between each horizontal leaching section shall be made with approved watertight joints and installed on natural or unfilled ground. This provision is extremely important to prevent gray water from ponding and preventing runoff Gray Water System Color and Marking Information. Pressurized gray water distribution systems shall be identified as containing non-potable water in accordance with Section of this code Other Collection and Distribution Systems. Other collection and distribution systems shall be approved by the local Authority Having Jurisdiction, as allowed by Section of this code. 21

22 Higher Requirements. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to prevent the Authority Having Jurisdiction from requiring compliance with higher requirements than those contained herein, where such higher requirements are essential to maintain a safe and sanitary condition Testing. Building drains and vents for gray water systems shall be tested in accordance with this code. Surge tanks shall be filled with water to the overflow line prior to and during inspection. Seams and joints shall be left exposed, and the tank shall remain watertight. A flow test shall be performed through the system to the point of gray water discharge. Lines and components shall be watertight up to the point of the irrigation perforated and drip lines Maintenance. Gray water systems and components shall be maintained in accordance with Table Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems General. The provisions of this section shall apply to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of reclaimed (recycled) water systems intended to supply uses such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for floor drains and floor sinks, aboveground and subsurface irrigation, industrial or commercial cooling or air conditioning and other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. In most cases reclaimed water for direct beneficial reuse will be defined by the State and Water purveyor Permit. It shall be unlawful for a person to construct, install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, or altered a reclaimed (recycled) water system within a building or on a premise without first obtaining a permit to do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit for a reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be issued until complete plumbing plans, with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and approved System Changes. No changes or connections shall be made to either the reclaimed (recycled) water system or the potable water system within a site containing a reclaimed (recycled) water system without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall have no connection to a potable water supply or alternate water source system. Potable water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a reclaimed (recycled) water storage tank provided the water supply inlet is protected by an air gap or reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer in accordance with this code Initial Cross-Connection Test. A cross-connection test is required in accordance with Section Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before final approval is granted Reclaimed (Recycled) Water System Materials. Reclaimed (recycled) water supply and distribution system materials shall comply with the requirements of this code for potable water supply and distribution systems, unless otherwise provided for in this section Reclaimed (Recycled) Water System Color and Marking Information. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall have a colored background and marking information in accordance with Section of this code. See Quick reference table below When dual (potable and non-potable) systems are installed in the same building, the potable water piping shall be labeled a green background and white lettering. The background colors and required information shall be indicated every 20 min and shall be at labeled in each room and visible from the floor. 22

23 ALL ALTERNATE WATER SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE A PURPLE (Pantone color No. 512, 522, or equivalent) BACK- GROUND with upper case lettering and shall be field or factory marked as follows in the table below. Gray water Reclaimed On-site treated water Rainwater systems CAUTION: NON POTABLE GRAY WATER, DO NOT DRINK CAUTION: NON POTABLE RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK CAUTION: ON-SITE TEATED WATER, DO NOT DRINK CAUTION: NON-POTABLE RAINWATER, DO NOT DRINK Many manufactures are already supplying pre-lettered and colored piping for most applications. Yellow letters (Pantone 108 or equivalent) Black lettering Yellow letters (Pantone 108 or equivalent) Yellow letters (Pantone 108 or equivalent) Valves. Valves, except fixture supply control valves, shall be equipped with a locking feature Installation Hose Bibbs. Hose bibbs shall not be allowed on reclaimed (recycled) water piping systems located in areas accessible to the public. Access to reclaimed (recycled) water at points in the system accessible to the public shall be through a quick-disconnect device that differs from those installed on the potable water system. Hose bibbs supplying reclaimed (recycled) water shall be marked with the words: CAUTION: NON-POTABLE RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK, and the symbol in Figure Fig

24 Required Appurtenances. The reclaimed (recycled) water system and the potable water system within the building shall be provided with the required appurtenances (e.g., valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage as required for a cross-connection test in accordance with Section Same Trench as Potable Water Pipes. Reclaimed (recycled) water pipes shall be permitted to be run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes with a 12 inches (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation where both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where piping materials do not meet this requirement the minimum horizontal separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the reclaimed (recycled) water piping. Reclaimed (recycled) water pipes laid in the same trench or crossing building sewer or drainage piping shall be installed in accordance with this code for potable water piping. This provision is required to prevent possible contamination of the potable water system Signs. Rooms and water closet tanks in buildings using reclaimed (recycled) water shall be in accordance with Section and Section Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Restroom Signs. A sign shall be installed in restrooms in commercial, industrial, and institutional occupancies using reclaimed (recycled) water for water closets, urinals, or both. Each sign shall contain 1 2 of an inch (12.7 mm) letters of a highly visible color on a contrasting background. The location of the sign(s) shall be such that the sign(s) shall be visible to users. The location of the sign(s) shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and shall contain the following text: TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) WATER TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS Equipment Room Signs. Each room containing reclaimed (recycled) water equipment shall have a sign posted with the following wording in 1 inch (25.4 mm) letters: CAUTION: NON-POTABLE RECLAIMED (RECYCLED) WATER, DO NOT DRINK. DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING WA- TER SYSTEM. NOTICE: CONTACT BUILDING MANAGEMENT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY WORK ON THIS WATER SYSTEM Inspection and Testing. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with Section and Section Supply System Inspection and Test. Reclaimed (recycled) water systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with this code for testing of potable water piping Annual Cross-Connection Inspection and Testing. An initial and subsequent annual inspection and test shall be performed on both the potable and reclaimed (recycled) water systems. The potable and reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be isolated from each other and independently inspected and tested to ensure there is no cross-connection in accordance with Section through Section Visual System Inspection. Prior to commencing the cross-connection testing, a dual system inspection shall be conducted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction as follows: (1) Meter locations of the reclaimed (recycled) water and potable water lines shall be checked to verify that no modifications were made, and that no cross-connections are visible. (2) Pumps and equipment, equipment room signs, and exposed piping in equipment room shall be checked. (3) Valves shall be checked to ensure that valve lock seals are still in place and intact. Valve control door signs shall be checked to verify that no signs have been removed Cross-Connection Test. The procedure for determining cross-connection shall be followed by the applicant in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction to determine whether a cross-connection has occurred as follows: (1) The potable water system shall be activated and pressurized. The reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be shut down, depressurized, and drained. 24

25 (2) The potable water system shall remain pressurized for a minimum period of time specified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the reclaimed (recycled) water system is empty. The minimum period the reclaimed (recycled) water system is to remain depressurized shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the size and complexity of the potable and reclaimed (recycled) water distribution systems, but in no case shall that period be less than 1 hour. (3) The drain on the reclaimed (recycled) water system shall be checked for flow during the test and fixtures, potable and reclaimed (recycled), shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow from a reclaimed (recycled) water system outlet indicates a cross-connection. No flow from a potable water outlet shall indicate that it is connected to the reclaimed (recycled) water system. (4) The potable water system shall then be depressurized and drained. (5) The reclaimed (recycled) water system shall then be activated and pressurized. (6) The reclaimed (recycled) water system shall remain pressurized for a minimum period of time specified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction while the potable water system is empty. The minimum period the potable water system is to remain depressurized shall be determined on a case-by-case basis, but in no case shall that period be less than 1 hour. (7) Fixtures, potable and reclaimed (recycled), shall be tested and inspected for flow. Flow from a potable water system outlet indicates a cross-connection. No flow from a reclaimed (recycled) water outlet will indicate that it is connected to the potable water system. (8) The drain on the potable water system shall be checked for flow during the test and at the end of the test. (9) Where there is no flow detected in the fixtures which would indicate a cross-connection, the potable water system shall be re-pressurized Discovery of Cross-Connection. In the event that a cross-connection is discovered, the following procedure, in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, shall be activated immediately: (1) Reclaimed (recycled) water piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter, and the reclaimed (recycled) water riser shall be drained. (2) Potable water piping to the building shall be shut down at the meter. (3) The cross-connection shall be uncovered and disconnected. (4) The building shall be retested following procedures listed in Section and Section (5) The potable water system shall be chlorinated with 50 parts-per-million (ppm) chlorine for 24 hours. (6) The potable water system shall be flushed after 24 hours, and a standard bacteriological test shall be performed. Where test results are acceptable, the potable water system shall be permitted to be recharged Annual Inspection. An annual inspection of the reclaimed (recycled) water system, following the procedures listed in Section shall be required. Annual cross-connection testing, following the procedures listed in Section shall be required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, unless site conditions do not require it. In no event shall the test occur less than once in 4 years. Alternate testing requirements shall be permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction Sizing. Reclaimed (recycled) water piping shall be sized in accordance with this code for sizing potable water piping On-Site Treated Non-potable Water Systems General. The provisions of this section shall apply to the installation, construction, alteration, and repair of on-site treated non-potable water systems intended to supply uses such as water closets, urinals, trap primers for floor drains and floor 25

26 sinks, above and belowground irrigation, and other uses approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction Plumbing Plan Submission. No permit for an on-site treated non-potable water system shall be issued until complete plumbing plans, with data satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and approved. The Schematics below are re-printed with permission from Washaso Water Harvesting Solutions of Hinsdale Illinois. John R. Bauer, President of Washaso, expands on the different kind of filtration systems. John says, We rarely use ozone as a sterilizer because those systems are very expensive and the corrosive nature of ozone can ruin pipes in the building should there ever be an issue with the generator or system. We have found that U.V. or Chlorine meets the needs of 95% of all onsite reuse projects. The first system (both schematic and 3D) is currently being tested by NSF for certification with the NSF 350 standard for use in L.A. It would be the first complete system certified for nonresidential systems. A Schematic for an On-Site Treated Water system for trap primers, toilets and urinals is below. The second system is an onsite treated water system for sustainable irrigation. 26

27 GALLON BLADDER PRESSURE TANK TO TOILETS DOMESTIC MAKEUP WATER IN ACTUATED BALL VALVE WALL SEGMENT F F CONTROL PANEL GREYWATER PROCESSING SKID TO EXTERNAL RAINWATER CISTERN DUPLEX PRESSURIZATION PUMPS FLOOR SEGMENT E E HDPE PLATFORM TANK OVERFLOW TO DRAIN 650 GALLON PE TANK (DRAWN TRANSPARENT) TO CHLORINE SENSOR PRESSURE LEVEL TRANSMITTER CHLORINE INJECTOR VALVE TO DRAIN D TANK DRAIN D DUPLEX EFFLUENT PUMPS CHLORINE FEEDER GREYWATER IN FROM SHOWERES AND SINKS CHLORINE RECIRCULATION PUMP HDPE PLATFORM PRESSURE SENSOR C 3' FRP SUMP PIT SUPPLIED BY OTHERS (DRAWN TRANSPARENT) C FLOW METER B B ROOM FLOOR CHLORINE CONCENTRATE TANK (DRAWN TRANSPARENT) A BAG FILTER MULTI-MEDIA FILTER TITLE: GREYWATER PROCESSING EQUIPMENT LAYOUT SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT A DWG. NO. REV Copyright Water Harvesting Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. DO NOT DUPLICATE OR COPY without express written consent. SCALE: 1:24 SHEET 1 OF Sustainable Irrigation Schematic 27

28 System Changes. No changes or connections shall be made to either the on-site treated non-potable water system or the potable water system within a site containing an on-site treated non-potable water system without approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction Connections to Potable or Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems. On-site treated non-potable water systems shall have no connection to a potable water supply or reclaimed (recycled) water source system. Potable or reclaimed (recycled) water is permitted to be used as makeup water for a non-pressurized storage tank provided the makeup water supply is protected by an air gap in accordance with this code. The level of hazard for potential cross connection makes it imperative that an air gap be provided. A Reduced Pressure Backflow device cannot be substituted for this (non)connection. It isn t as fool-proof as an airgap and eliminates the need for annual testing of the device. Notice the use of airgaps in the schematics above for make up water Initial Cross-Connection Test. A cross-connection test is required in accordance with Section Before the building is occupied or the system is activated, the installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and other authorities having jurisdiction. The test shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having Jurisdiction before final approval is granted On-Site Treated Non-potable Water System Materials. On-site treated non-potable water supply and distribution system materials shall comply with the requirements of this code for potable water supply and distribution systems, unless otherwise provided for in this section On-Site Treated Non-potable Water Devices and Systems. Devices or equipment used to treat on-site treated non-potable water in order to maintain the minimum water quality requirements determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be listed or labeled (third-party certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity assessment body) and approved for the intended application. 28

29 On-Site Treated Non-potable Water System Color and Marking Information. On-site treated water systems shall have a colored background and marking information in accordance with Section of this code. See table above Valves. Valves, except fixture supply control valves, shall be equipped with a locking feature Design and Installation. The design and installation of on-site treated non-potable systems shall be in accordance with Section through Section Listing Terms and Installation Instructions. On-site treated non-potable water systems shall be installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and the manufacturer s installation instructions Minimum Water Quality. On-site treated non-potable water supplied to toilets or urinals or for other uses in which it is sprayed or exposed shall be disinfected. Acceptable disinfection methods shall include chlorination, ultraviolet sterilization, ozone, or other methods as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The minimum water quality for on-site treated nonpotable water systems shall meet the applicable water quality requirements for the intended applications as determined by the public health Authority Having Jurisdiction Deactivation and Drainage. The on-site treated non-potable water system and the potable water system within the building shall be provided with the required appurtenances (e.g., valves, air/vacuum relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or drainage as required for a cross-connection test in accordance with Section Near Underground Potable Water Pipe. On-site treated non-potable water pipes shall be permitted to be run or laid in the same trench as potable water pipes with a 12 inch (305 mm) minimum vertical and horizontal separation where both pipe materials are approved for use within a building. Where piping materials do not meet this requirement the minimum separation shall be increased to 60 inches (1524 mm). The potable water piping shall be installed at an elevation above the on-site treated non-potable water piping. It is important to note that BOTH materials must be approved for use within the building AND separation is required. This differs from the sewer and water in the same trench requirements in section Required Filters. A filter permitting the passage of particulates no larger than 100 microns (100 µm) shall be provided for on-site treated non-potable water supplied to water closets, urinals, trap primers, and drip irrigation system. There are numerous filters and screens readily manufactured that can handle large flow rates. The simplest and least expensive are cartridge filters that fit into plastic housing. There are newer cartridges that are made of polypropylene string that cost less than 20 dollars. The cost versus required flow rates and pressure drop can be easily determined 29