Chapter 2: Energy Entering and Leaving Earth s System

Transcription

1 Chapter 2: Energy Entering and Leaving Earth s System

2 ECC: WARM-UP The water level will depend on the amount of water coming in and the size of the hole. If the hole is very large, the water level will be low. However, if the hole is very small and the water fast flowing, the water level might even rise and overflow.

3 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL Both temperature and energy absorbed by the surface INCREASE when the amount of carbon dioxide or methane increases. Chapter 2 Question - Why do temperatures on Earth increase when the amount of carbon dioxide or methane in the Earth system increases?

4 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

5 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL For the Warm-Up today, you thought about water entering and leaving a bucket at the same time and what that means about the water level in the bucket. This is similar to energy entering and exiting the Earth system. If we know something about energy entering and exiting, we can figure out how the energy in the Earth system might change.

6 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL When we are thinking about energy in the Earth system, what we really care about is the amount of energy absorbed by the surface. The energy moving through the atmosphere might look like it is in the Earth s system, but this energy is traveling it cannot affect Earth s climate until it is absorbed. The arrows only show energy entering and exiting.

7 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL When we are thinking about energy in the Earth system, what we really care about is the amount of energy absorbed by the surface. The energy moving through the atmosphere might look like it is in the Earth s system, but this energy is traveling it cannot affect Earth s climate until it is absorbed. The arrows only show energy entering and exiting.

8 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL You will do an activity that will help answer the Investigation Question. You will keep track of energy entering and exiting the Earth system, and see how that affects energy absorbed by the surface and the temperature. model: an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand something by making it simpler or easier to see

9 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

10 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL Each pair will set up their model with 10 energy tokens at the surface and 10 in outer space. Energy Entering: Slide three energy tokens down through the atmosphere to the surface. Energy Exiting: Take away three energy tokens by sliding them up through the atmosphere to outer space. Repeat Energy Entering/Energy Exiting: Repeat entering and exiting three more times. Tally Energy Results: Record the final energy at the surface (10) and that it stayed the same. Run Tests #2 and #3, making changes to either energy entering or exiting. For these tests they need to choose an amount of energy to enter or leave.

11 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

12 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

13 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

14 LW: ENERGY TOKEN PHYSICAL MODEL

15 This video will reinforce ideas you just investigated with the Energy Token Model.

16 You can see that a system is stable even as something flows into and out of the system. But if a change happens either to the flow into the system or the flow out of the system, that changes what s in the system. Many scientists consider when a system with inputs and outputs will be stable and when it will change, and thinking this way can help us with our questions about climate change, too.

17 A change to either the amount of energy entering or exiting the Earth system affects how much energy is absorbed by the surface. What happened when more energy entered than exited? Both energy at the surface and temperature increased What happened when less energy entered than exited? Both energy at the surface and temperature decreased

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19 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM Now we will run tests in a more complex model the Sim. We ll see what happens with energy entering and exiting the Earth system when we make specific changes to the Sim.

20 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

21 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

22 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM 3 TESTS - 1 in which they make no change - 1 in which they increase either carbon dioxide or methane - 1 in which they increase sunlight Before you run the tests in the Sim, you will predict how temperature will change and whether more energy will enter than exit, less energy will enter than exit, or if an equal amount will enter and exit Discuss as a pair and record prediction.

23 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

24 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

25 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

26 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM SHARE No Change - Energy entering is equal to energy exiting. Increase Carbon Dioxide - More energy entered than exited. Increase Methane - More energy entered than exited. Increase Sunlight - More energy entered than exited. In the case of No Change, the system is stable. Even though energy is moving around a lot, the amount entered is balanced by the amount leaving, and temperature stays the same. When you increase carbon dioxide or methane, the system is NOT stable, so temperature changes and the amount of ice changes. You will be looking at evidence in the next lesson to help determine what, if any, effect sunlight is having on our current changing climate.

27 LW: INVESTIGATING ENERGY IN THE SIM

28 LW: REFLECTING ON ENERGY In the investigations you did in the Sim, you investigated some scenarios where Earth was getting warmer and observed the differences between energy entering and exiting. Now you need to apply what you learned to a different situation a time when Earth is getting colder.

29 LW: REFLECTING ON ENERGY

30 LW: REFLECTING ON ENERGY Between the years 1200 and 1600, global average temperature decreased (Earth got colder). Which do you think is true about the energy that entered and exited the Earth system during that time? B. Less energy entered than exited. Explain your answer. I know this because when less energy enters than exits the system, there is less energy absorbed by the surface, causing temperatures to decrease.