Task 38 of the Hydrogen TCP: a Task dedicated to the study of P2X pathways

Transcription

1 Task 38 of the Hydrogen TCP: a Task dedicated to the study of P2X pathways Paul Lucchese, Christine Mansilla - CEA ETSAP workshop, June , Gothenburg, Sweden

2 Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: International Energy Agency and the Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (the Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Program (TCP)) Task 38: Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: System analysis of the techno-economic, legal and regulatory conditions Time Frame:

3 Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: The Power-to-hydrogen concept means that hydrogen is produced via electrolysis supplied with lowcarbon (and/or low-cost electricity Electricity supply can be either: On-Grid Off-grid Hybrid systems With particular attention devoted to: Provision of services to the grid Characterization of hydrogen relevance for energy storage 3

4 Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X: Hydrogen-to-X implies that the hydrogen supply concerns a large portfolio of applications: Transport (hydrogen for fuel cells, biofuels, synthetic methane for transport, etc.) Natural gas grid (mixing H 2 directly with natural gas or synthetizing CH 4 and injecting into the natural gas grid) Re-electrification through hydrogen turbines or fuel cells General business of merchant hydrogen for energy or industry, especially refinery, steel industry, ammonia, etc. Various ancillary services and balancing to the electric power grid 4

5 Objectives of IEA HIA Task 38 Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) To provide a comprehensive understanding of the various technical and economic pathways for power-to-hydrogen applications in diverse situations To provide a comprehensive assessment of existing legal frameworks To provide business developers and policy makers with general guidelines and recommendations that enhance hydrogen system deployment in energy markets The overarching objective will be to develop hydrogen visibility as a key energy carrier / chemical intermediate for a sustainable and smart energy system, within a 2 or 3 horizon time frame: e.g. 2020, 2030 and

6 Task 38 partners Today: Over 55 participants from 35 organizations are involved in the Task, representing 15 countries Tomorrow: Different actions are in progress to further widen the geographical scope of the partners, with a special focus on Asia and emerging countries Contacts with China, South Korea, India Special thanks to ADEME for supporting and financing the coordination of Task 38 6

7 Four years / two phases 1/ General survey of existing studies on technoeconomic and business cases, existing legal frameworks and macro-economic impacts, including demo/deployment projects 2/ Detailed specific case studies, based on detailed targets defined during the first phase, together with elaboration of legal and regulatory conditions, policy measures, and general guidelines for business developers and policy makers as well as public and private financial mechanisms and actors 7

8 Task 38 Latest Results: Definitions Main definitions of PtH and HtX established and to be merged with CEN/CENELEC hydrogen definitions Category Acronym Definition Power-to-Hydrogen PtH Hydrogen production (and storage when requested) from low-carbon electricity either from the grid or off-grid. Hydrogen-to-Power HtP Supply of electricity to the grid from hydrogen with a fuel cell or a gas turbine HtG-H2 Hydrogen injection in natural gas grid Hydrogen-to-Gas synthetic methane injection in natural gas grid, synthetic methane is obtained HtG-M from Hydrogen from PtH through methanation processes HtF-H2 Hydrogen in a vehicle to be injected in a fuel cell Hydrogen-to-Fuel HtF-S Hydrogen for liquid synfuel applications: liquid biofuels, synthetic liquid fuels, methanol HtF-G Hydrogen for mobility through gas fuels (Hythane, biogas, synthetic methane) Hydrogen-to- Industry HtI Hydrogen from PtH and for industrial applications (e.g. Refinery) Hydrogen-to-Heat HtQ Hydrogen-to-heat via H2-fired boilers; Hydrogen-to-heat and power via CHPs (fuel cells, turbine etc.) Other pathways to industrial chemical intermediates from hydrogen which we may want to include explicitly: 1. H Hydrogen-to- 2 to methanol to C2, C3 olefins HtCh 2. H Chemicals 2 to syngas to C2, C3 olefins 3. Methanol/syngas to >C1 hydrocarbons and >C1 alcohols 4. H 2 to ammonia and formic acid (which could also be used as alternative renewable energy storage) 8

9 Task 38 Latest Results: Electrolyzer data Recent and reliable techno-economic data obtained in order to provide realistic figures for energy system modelling and business cases Comparing alkaline and PEM electrolyser capital expenditures CAPEX (Euro/kW) PEM trendline (Task 33) alcaline (single stack) alcaline (multi-stack) , Power input (MW) CAPEX includes : Transformer(s) Rectifier(s) Control panel with PLC Gas analysers Water demineralizer/deionizer Electrolyser stack(s) Gas separators & recirculating pump Scrubber OR gas purifier system Gas separating vessels Dry piston 15 bar (PEM = self-press. up to 20/50 bar) 9

10 Task 38 Latest Results: Services to the grid Ancillary and balancing services to the grid have been identified Constraints to be addressed Off-taker Generation plant Distribution system Transmission system End user Application Stabilizing conventional generation Price arbitrage Distribution deferral Primary reserve Secondary reserve Tertiary reserve Black-start services Reactive power Transmission deferral Peak shaving Time shifting Off-grid storage (prosumer) Community energy storage (prosumer) Residential storage for self-consumption / Home energy storage (prosumer) Uninterruptible power supply Back-up power 10

11 Task 38 Latest Results: Demonstrations Over 150 demonstration projects identified Collection of information concerning hydrogen system demonstrations (in process) Majority of demonstrations collected to date consider hydrogen production and methanation 4% 4% 4% 13% Preliminary results 22% 13% 5% 35% Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) Hydrogen-to-Power (HtP) Hydrogen-to-Fuel in a vehicle with Fuel Cell (HtF- H2) Hydrogen-to-Gas for synthetic methane injection to grid HtG-M Hydrogen-to-Gas injected into natural gas grid (HtG-H2) Hydrogen-to-Fuel for Synfuel applications (HtF-S) Hydrogen-to-Chemicals (HtCh) Hydrogen-to-Industry (HtI) 11

12 Task 38 Latest Results: Techno-economic studies and business cases Collection of studies completed: > 200 items gathered Over 75% of the studies issued during the last 5 years 12

13 Task 38 Latest Results: Existing regulatory and legal frameworks in varying countries Several countries regulatory and legal frameworks concerning hydrogen have been collected (in process) Tax benefits (road taxes, tolls, etc.) and exemptions for electric road vehicles are often present. Certificate of origins are being considered more and more relevant, especially in relation to gas associated with the gas grid. Feed-in tariffs (FiT) for bio-methane are present in some countries, but no specific FiT provision is available for hydrogen. Different allowable hydrogen limits in the gas grid 13

14 Task 38 Latest Results: Modelling of energy systems including hydrogen Workshop at the University of Bath on energy system models and the role of hydrogen to discuss the different existing models and recent studies that may include hydrogen Issues and inconsistencies addressed; need for: Updated, available, and reliable data More complete and in-depth models concerning hydrogen to accurately represent the possibilities and capabilities

15 Task 38 Ongoing work: Case studies - 5 case studies were identified: - Power to green ammonia in Chile for blasting industry (mining) - Power to green ammonia produced in Australia and shipped to Japan (to be used as H2) - Power and waste CO2 to green methanol in China - Power to methane in Romania - Power to Hydrogen from Patagonia to Japan 15

16 Task 38 Ongoing work: a subsequent Task on data and modelling? Collaboration with Hydrogen Council: 18 steering members : 13 founding members + Audi AG, GM, Iwatani Corporation, Plastic Omnium, Statoil ASA 10 supporting members: Mitsui & Co, Plug Power, Faber Industries, Faurecia, First Element Fuel (True Zero), Gore, Toyota Tsusho, Hydrogenics, Ballard, Mitsubishi Subsequent Task on modelling and data: opportunity for collaboration with ETSAP? 16

17 The issue of data The data is core issue. Acquiring, processing, interpreting, and sharing data is a key element to this study, roadmap construction, modelling, and communication to policymakers and stakeholders concerning PtH and HtX. Goals Task 38 TF Data/ future Task: 1. Offer a central and structured repository 2. Enable data mining 3. Facilitate data sharing 4. Enable a future open data platform Source: PerSEE 17

18 Conclusions Task 38 of the Hydrogen technology collaboration programme is dedicated to the analysis of PtH pathways, with a final objective of providing business developers and policy makers with recommendations to enable hydrogen as a key energy carrier for a sustainable integrated energy system Recent work was dedicated to collection, review, and state-of-the-art analysis on hydrogen systems Next steps will involve modelling to develop relevant recommendations and continue data collection and analyses: collaboration with ETSAP on hydrogen modelling and data would be beneficial to energy system modelling, and scenario design. 18

19 Contact: 19