SY 2018/ st Final Term Revision. Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B. Subject: Biology

Transcription

1 SY 2018/ st Final Term Revision Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B Subject: Biology

2 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Ecologists call the physical location of a community its habitat. 2. The number of species living within an ecosystem is a measure of its biodiversity. 3. Ecosystems include only the biotic factors in an area. 4. Succession after a glacier retreat includes soil formation. 5. Succession takes place in an area after there has been a disturbance of the natural environment, such as a forest fire. 6. A biome is characterized by its latitude. 7. The three major groups of terrestrial biomes are tropical, temperate, and desert. 8. The biome nearest the equator is temperate. 9. Wetlands are a type of terrestrial biome. 10. The bottom of a food chain is occupied by consumers. 11. Producers absorb energy from organisms by breaking down dead tissues. 12. Producers in an ecosystem transfer all of their energy to first-level consumers. 13. Plants release water into the atmosphere through condensation.

3 14. Carbon is returned to the atmosphere by photosynthesis, combustion, and decomposition. 15. Nitrogen gas makes up about 78 percent of Earth s atmosphere. 16. Phosphorus is often found in the atmosphere as calcium phosphate. 17. The study of populations helps to understand population growth. 18. Logistic growth of a population means that it is growing without limitations. 19. Wastes tend to be reduced in the environment as a population reaches the carrying capacity. 20. Very small populations are less likely to become extinct than larger populations. 21. Science and technological developments are responsible for the ability of the human population to grow beyond the size that is sustainable by the natural environment. 22. A change in the number of predators or prey in a food web can alter the entire ecosystem in which they live. 23. Predation is an example of an abiotic interaction. 24. A long-term relationship in which both participating species benefit is known as parasitism. 25. When two dissimilar species live together in a close association, they are part of a symbiotic relationship. 26. An organism s niche includes its habitat. 27. An organism s habitat is the sum of all its interactions in its environment.

4 28. The total niche an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem is its realized niche. 29. The competitive exclusion principle states that predation usually results in the elimination of one of the species. 30. When two species compete for limited resources, competitive exclusion is sure to take place. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a a. community. c. biome. b. population. d. habitat. 2. In which of the following could one not reasonably measure biodiversity? a. ecosystem c. population b. habitat d. community 3. Which of the following factors is not helpful in defining a biome? a. climate conditions b. a season s average rainfall c. latitude d. types of organisms 4. Which two key factors determine the climate of a region? a. biodiversity and habitats b. temperature and precipitation c. soil type and day length d. organism types and bodies of water 5. In biomes where precipitation is low, most organisms have adaptations to a. conserve water. c. find shade. b. hunt at night. d. blossom in winter.

5 6. A bayou is an example of a(n) a. coral reef. c. freshwater ecosystem. b. wetland. d. estuary. 7. An area where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from an ocean is a(n) a. wetland. c. freshwater ecosystem. b. marine ecosystem. d. estuary. 8. The diverse regions in the world s bodies of water are called a. biomes. c. aquatic ecosystems. b. marine ecosystems. d. wetlands. 9. Animals that feed on plants are at least in the a. first trophic level. c. third trophic level. b. second trophic level. d. fourth trophic level. 10. Which of the following is a decomposer? a. worm c. plant b. vulture d. moisture

6 11. Refer to the illustration above. The diagram, which shows how energy moves through an ecosystem, is known as a a. habitat. c. food net. b. food chain. d. food web. 12. Refer to the illustration above. Killer whales feed at the a. first and second trophic levels. c. second and third trophic levels. b. second trophic level only. d. third and fourth trophic levels. 13. Refer to the illustration above. On the diagram, animals that feed on plant eaters are no lower than a. level A. c. level C. b. level B. d. level D. 14. Refer to the illustration above. At each trophic level, the energy stored in the organisms in that level is about a. ten percent of the energy in the level below it. b. ten percent of the energy in the level above it. c. 50 percent of the energy in the level below it. d. 100 percent of the energy in the level below it.

7 15. Refer to the illustration above. Which is an accurate assumption about why there are not more than four trophic levels in this diagram? a. Carnivores do not eat other carnivores. b. The fourth level consumers do not have enough energy to support another tropic level. c. Fifth level consumers are also herbivores. d. Fifth level consumers are always decomposers. 16. Precipitation that percolates into the soil becomes a. runoff. c. water vapor. b. groundwater. d. lakes. 17. The water cycle continuously moves water between the atmosphere, land, and a. trees. c. humans. b. oceans. d. groundwater. 18. Plants use carbon dioxide to build organic molecules during the process of a. transpiration. b. photosynthesis. c. respiration. d. combustion. 19. All living things are made of a. carbon. b. boron. c. silicon. d. mercury. 20. Which of the following is not descriptive of coal, oil, and natural gas? a. absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere b. are fossil fuels c. release carbon dioxide when they are burned d. are formed from decayed plants

8 21. Nitrogen is a component of a. proteins. c. carbohydrates. b. fats. d. water. 22. denitrification : nitrogen gas in the atmosphere :: a. more rain : transformation of rain forests b. more transpiration : arid weather c. burning fossil fuels : carbon in the atmosphere d. combustion : groundwater 23. ammonification : ammonia :: a. denitrification : nitrogen gas c. nitrification : ammonia b. oil : gasoline d. nitrification : oxygen 24. Phosphorus is often found in soil and rock in which form? a. calcium carbonate c. phosphate b. calcium phosphate d. carbonate 25. Because individuals in a population usually tend to produce more than one offspring, a. populations tend to increase in size. b. populations remain stable in size. c. individuals tend to die quickly. d. the number of individuals declines rapidly.

9 Population Growth Over Time 26. Refer to the illustration above. Which time period shows exponential growth of the population? a. period A c. period C b. period B d. period D 27. Refer to the illustration above. During which time period are the birthrate and death rate equal? a. period A c. period C b. period B d. period D 28. Refer to the illustration above. During which time period will the growth rate of the population be zero? a. period A c. period C b. period B d. period D 29. Refer to the illustration above. The time period during which the rate of growth of a population would have a negative value is a. period A. c. period C. b. period B. d. period D. 30. plentiful resources : increasing growth rate :: a. competition : exponential growth b. carrying capacity : decreasing growth rate c. limited resources : decreasing death rate d. emigration : increasing birthrate

10 31. The human population began to grow exponentially during the middle of the 1700s due to the a. development of agriculture. c. Industrial Revolution. b. increased immigration. d. decline of the Ice Age. 32. One of the few species that has no predator in nature is the a. buffalo. b. killer whale. c. milkweed plant. d. eel. 33. Most animals are both a. parasites and hosts. c. herbivores and carnivores. b. predators and prey. d. producers and consumers. The diagrams below show different kinds of interactions between species. 34. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in diagram 2 is a. commensalism. c. mutualism. b. competition. d. parasitism.

11 35. Refer to the illustration above. The relationship shown in diagram 4 is a. commensalism. c. mutualism. b. competition. d. parasitism. 36. Which of the following usually results when members of the same species require the same food and space? a. predation c. succession b. competition d. symbiosis 37. Refer to the illustration above. Diagram B indicates that the barnacle Balanus balanoides prefers to live in deep water. Deep water is the barnacle s a. competitive niche. c. fundamental niche. b. realized niche. d. exclusive niche. 38. If the niches of two organisms overlap, a. the organisms may have to compete directly. b. the two organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship. c. both organisms will disappear from the habitat. d. one organism usually migrates to a new habitat.

12 39. Sea stars are fierce competitors of marine organisms such as clams and mussels. An ecologist studying an ocean ecosystem performed an experiment in which the sea stars were removed from the ecosystem. After the removal of the sea stars, a. the ecosystem became more diverse. b. the size of the ecosystem was reduced. c. food webs in the ecosystem became more complex. d. the number of species in the ecosystem was reduced. 40. A species that is critical to an ecosystem because the species affects the survival and number of many other species is known as a(n) a. predatory species. c. keystone species. b. parasitic species. d. endangered species. FILL IN THE BLANKS: 1. Producers are also called. 2. are also called heterotrophs. 3. The process in which organisms form carbohydrate using chemicals is called. 4. is the sequence of feeding relation. 5. Animals that eat detritus or dead compounds are. 6. are animals that eat both plants and animals. 7. A is a consumer that primarily eat one specific organism. 8. A is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological or geological or living or non living parts of an ecosystem. 9. is when gaseous nitrogen is converted to ammonia. 10. The principle of states that when two species are competing for the same resource one will be better suited.

13 11. are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographic region. 12. is the relation in which one receive benefit other one is not harmed. 13. The close long term relationship between the organism is. 14. is the measure of the number of individual living in a defined area. 15. is the general diagram showing the number of surviving members. 16. is the movement of into a population from another population. 17. Population begins with a period of slow growth before exponential growth called. 18. are limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area. 19. are aspects of the environment that limits population growth regardless of density of population. 20. is the sequence of biotic change that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in an uninhabited area. 21. is establishment of an ecosystem in a previously uninhabited area. 22. The first organism that live in an uninhabited area is called.

14 23. The _ are the levels of nourishment in food chain. 24. are detritivore that breakdown organic matter into simpler compound. 25. Organism that eat only animals are. 26. Herbivore are animals that eat only. 27. are organism that get energy by eating other living or once living resource. 28. is diagram that compare energy used by producer, primary consumer and other tropical levels. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING: 1. Secondary succession:. 2. Limiting factor:. 3. Population crash:. 4. Carrying capacity :. 5. Exponential growth:.

15 6. Emigration :. 7. Population dispersion:. 8. Parasitism:. 9. Mutualism:. 10. Competition:. 11. Predation :. 12. Habitat:. 13. Biomass:. 14. Hydrologic cycle:. 15. Generalist :.

16 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING : 1. How does the stability of the ecosystem depend on it s producer?. 2. What are the two processes used by producer to get energy?. 3. Explain why few producers live deep below a lakes surface.. 4. What happens to the energy as it flows through a food web?. 5. Why are food chain useful for describing the relationship of specialist?. 6. What are four elements that cycle through the ecosystem? Why are they important?. 7. How does water cycle move water through environment?. 8. What are the three part of an organism s ecological niche?. 9. Name the three types of symbiosis..

17 10. Differentiate parasitism and predation What four factor determine the growth rate of a population?. 12. How does carrying capacity affect the size of the population?.