Global Collaboration for Green Innovation

Transcription

1 November 8, 2013 Global Collaboration for Green Innovation Tomoaki WADA Affiliated Senior Fellow, NISTEP Professor, Tokyo University of Science Japan-China-Korea Science & Technology Seminar Busan 1

2 Important R&D Items in Energy Field (Top 10) (S&T Foresight, 2010) R&D Item % Technological Realization Social Realization Safe and rational decommissioning technology for commercial LWRs Wide-area thin solar battery with more than 20% efficiency Next-generation high-efficiency lighting with more than 150 lm/w (LED, organic EL) Fast-breeder reactor cycle technology Low-cost secondary battery for automobiles ( >100 Wh/kg, >2,000 W/kg, <30,000/kwh, ) Land-disposal technology of high-level radioactive waste Super-high-efficiency heat pump for houses (COP > 8 for AC, COP > 6 for boilers) Next-generation light water reactor technology ( more than 5% LEU fuel, plant life of 80 years) New material technology with higher energy conversion efficiency than Si/Ga-As batteries Large-scale combined-cycle power generation using a high-efficiency gas turbine ( >1,700 C)

3 Sectors that will play a Major Role in the Realization of Energy Field Technology (S&T Foresight, 2010) University Public Institute Industry Nuclear Energy Nuclear Fusion Fossil Fuel Renewable Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cells Energy Transportation Efficient Power Storage System Low-carbon Transportation Energy Management Low-carbon Production Technology Energy Saving Assessment Tools for Technologies (Unit:%) 3

4 Innovation in Manufacturing Industries Rate of Major Innovation Source Process Innovation Product Innovation Fluid Phase Transitional Phase Specific Phase Dominant Design New technology is produced from many innovations. When technologies are combined, and a dominant design emerges, selection (competitive market) begins, and the market matures. 4

5 Trends in R&D Expenses in Major Overseas R&D bases (R&D trends in Japanese industries, surveyed by NISTEP, 2011) Comparison of today s R&D expenses versus those three years ago North America Europe China Other Asian Countries Decrease more than 10% Decrease 5-10 % -5 % to +5 % Increase 5%-10 % Increase more than 10% 5

6 Location and Number of Overseas R&D Bases N Number of companies having more than one base Rate North America % Europe % China % India % Korea % Other Asian Countries % Other Countries % (NISTEP) 6

7 R&D Activities in Overseas R&D Bases North America N Basic research Applied research Development for local market Development for Japanese market Development for global market Support for production & sales External relations etc % 24.5% 37.7% 0.0% 22.6% 1.9% 5.7% Europe % 32.0% 24.0% 0.0% 32.0% 0.0% 4.0% China % 10.3% 59.0% 2.6% 15.4% 2.6% 7.7% Other Asian Countries % 5.9% 41.2% 5.9% 29.4% 0.0% 5.9% Total % 18.4% 42.6% 1.4% 23.4% 2.1% 5.7% (NISTEP) 7

8 Basic Concept of the Environmental City of the Future Creation of Environmental Value Low Carbon Biodiversity Circulation Water/Air Environment Lifestyle Basics Education Medical & Care service Energy ICT Mobility Houses & Buildings Creation of Social Value Health Social Capital Medical & Health Care Services Sense of Community Lifelong Education Child Care Services Safety & Security Culture Creation of Economic Value Stable Employment New Industry Increasing Urbanization Knowledge-based society Tourism High Degree of Information Accumulation 8

9 Images of a Smart City Smart Meter Smart Building Data Center Next-Generation SS Smart House Smart Charge Smart School Smart Store 9

10 Four Smart Community Demonstration Areas in Japan Kitakyushu City Industrial city type Demonstration of area management of energy including 5 MW solar power, hydrogen energy, and smart grid. Participants: Kitakyushu City, Nippon Steel corporation, Japan IBM, Fuji Electronic Systems Toyota City Local city based on everyday residential living Effective use of energy including a low-carbon transportation system ( 3100 next-generation vehicles). Participants: Toyota City, Toyota, Denso, Chubu Electric Power, Toyota Home, Fujitsu, Sharp, etc. Yokohama City Major city, large scale 27 MW solar power, 4,000 smart houses, 2,000 nextgeneration vehicles Participants: Yokohama City, Accenture, Toshiba, Nissan Motors, Panasonic, TEPCO, Tokyo Gas, Meidensha Keihanna Eco-City Academic research town based on new technologies Demonstrations of technologies for visualizing energy and energy control in each home and building Participants: Kansai Science City, Doshisha Urban City Commission, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas, etc. 10

11 Kitakyushu Smart Community Project 1.Outline A wide range of demonstrations of new technology including communication, town construction, transportation, and lifestyle to demonstrate to the public the potential of the smart use of electricity 2. Operator Kitakyushu Smart Community Association (Kitakyushu City, Shin-Nihon Steel, Japan IBM, Fuji Electronics, and other 49 firms) 3. Area Yahata East area (approximately 120 ha) in Kitakyushu City 4. Period (5 years) 5. Budget 16.3 billion Japanese yen over 5 years 11

12 Kitakyushu Smart Community Project (Energy Field) [Smart Meter] Receiving the notice of electricity cost and transmitting electricity consumption Cogeneration System [CEMS] (Cluster Energy Management System) -Connected with renewable energy, BEMS, HEMS, Electricity grid, and IT network - Optimized control of local energy Storage battery Controlling energy usage in homes automatically, connected with CEMS Solar Power IT Network Building Home Smart Meter Home Display Controlling energy usage in buildings automatically, connected with CEMS Load Air Conditioner Illumination Storage Power Generation Load Storage Air Conditioner Illumination Air Conditioner Power Generation Maintaining stable electric supply to factory, connected with CEMS and its own renewable energy 12

13 Project Progress (Renewable Energy) (As of FY 2012) Apartment Building, Dormitory Hydrogen demonstration house Tenant office Building (CEMS) [Apartment] Solar Power HEMS Smart Meter [Dormitory] Solar Heat System Geothermal System BEMS Fuel Cell Solar Power Storage Battery Solar Power Wind Power BEMS Hospital Eco-museum, Eco-house History Museum Solar Heat System BEMS Solar Power Wind Power Storage Battery Solar Power Fuel Cell Storage Battery BEMS 13

14 Demonstration of Dynamic Pricing Real-time pricing Hours during which electricity use is not recommended because of high energy demand Cost Hours during which electricity use is recommended because of high levels of solar power generation Basic Pricing temporary price cut temporary price increase Daily Pricing To determine the next day s cost according to the demand forecast. Time 14

15 Toyota Smart Community Project 15

16 Chinese Eco-city In China, the development of more than 100 cities using low-carbon energy is planned. Tianjin ( 天津 ), Caofeitian ( 曹妃甸 ), Wuxi( 無錫 ), and Shenzhen ( 深圳 ) are the advanced eco-cities ( 生態城 ) at present. These cities have the technological goal to achieve low-carbon emissions. Tianjin, for example, aims to attain 20% as a rate of renewable energy introduction. Caofeitian Eco-city (Future plan) Tianjin Eco-city (Future Plan) 16

17 Green Technologies Goals in Tianjin Eco-city Energy consumption per person is reduced by 20% compared to other domestic cities. Rate of renewable energy utilization is 20%. Introduction of solar water heating systems, solar PV systems, geothermal heat supply systems, gas cogeneration systems for air-conditioning and power generation, and power generation by methane gas. Eco-houses are constructed in cooperation with Japanese companies. Utilization rate of electric vehicles in the eco-city is 90%. Recycle rate of trash is 60%. Rain water and sewage are 100% reused. 17

18 Asian Urban Challenge Globally, 6.2 billion people live in urban areas, and 53% will live in Asia by By 2050, 64% of the Asian population will live in urban areas. 44 million people are added to city populations in Asia every year (that is approximately onethird of the total Japanese population) this is equivalent to 120,000 people each day requiring the construction of more than 20,000 new dwellings, and the associated additional infrastructure to supply more than 6 megaliters of potable water (Source: Asian Development Bank) 18

19 Smart Cities in Asian countries Indonesia North Sumatera Cambodia Phnom Penh Bangladesh Dhaka Philippines Makati Manila Malaysia Iskandar (Johor Bahru) Penang Thailand Bangkok Vietnam Fiji Da Nang Hue Suva 19

20 Estimating Future Costs of Power Generation (JPYen/kWh) Nuclear LNG Oil Wind Geothermal Solar 20

21 Change of Opinion Among Japanese People Regarding the Future Use of Nuclear Energy After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Source: NISTEP,

22 Growing Future Requirements for Eco-houses Distribution of Images and Books Electricity Sharing in Local Areas Monitoring Systems for Family Members Remote Maintenance E-Learning Introduction of DC Appliances Safety & Security Systems Health & Medical Checks Connection to Solar Battery & Storage Battery Control by HEMS Connection to EV Visualization of Electricity LED Lighting 22

23 Challenges in Green Technology Development in Asia Human resource development for green technology Further promotion of research cooperation among Asian countries Public awareness & acceptance (Reasons) Rapidly increasing energy demand Volatile oil prices Climate change & global warming Energy security 23

24 Trilateral Cooperation among Korea, China & Japan 三人寄れば文殊の知恵 如果集聚三人文殊菩萨的智慧 3명모이면문수의지혜 24