AP Environmental Science Summer Assignment ( )

Transcription

1 AP Environmental Science Summer Assignment ( ) Dear Prospective AP Environmental Science Student, Welcome to AP Environmental Science (APES)! I am excited that you have signed up for the class this year and am looking forward to a great group of students. APES is a challenging and fun class that requires a lot of hard work from you. This class has high expectations and no time to waste. Therefore, to ensure your success in this program and on the APES exam in May, we need to start right away. I have put together this assignment for you to complete and turn in to me by the third day of school i.e. on or before August 7 th, The idea is to get you thinking ahead to some of the work we will be doing this year and to review some skills you already have. You will receive a grade on the successful completion of the summer assignment. Late work is not acceptable. In this packet, you will also find directions on how to access your textbook online. The book we will be using in the class is Living in the Environment by Tyler G. Miller, 15 th edition. If you are stuck on any of the tasks, please don t hesitate to ask for help. If you would like to me with questions, please feel free to do so. I would love to hear from you. You may me at sandhya.rajput@henry.k12.ga.us I will be out of town periodically, so allow a few days for response. Have a great summer. I hope that you get some good rest, have fun, and learn some interesting Environmental science doing your summer assignment. I look forward to getting to know you all and working with you this school year. See you in a few weeks! Ms. Sandhya Rajput Science Instructor Dutchtown High school Pg. 1

2 What assignments do I have to do over the summer break? Following is the list of the assignments you need to complete over the break. You will find the details of the assignments in the subsequent pages of this packet. 1. Introduction- 5 Points----Pg Basic Math Skills- 20 Points ----Pg. 3 through Pg.5 3. Environmental laws- 20 Points----Pg Vocabulary and Symbols- 15 Points----Pg Environmental disasters- 40 Points----Pg Current Events- 90 Points----Pg. 7 through Pg.8 Assignments 1 through 5 will receive a consolidated process skills grade for a maximum possible score of 100. Assignment 6 will receive a project grade. All assignments must be turned in together. Please place a cover page on the front of your work. Your Cover page should look like this- APES Summer Assignment Your name Pg. 2

3 Task #1: Introduction Provide a brief introduction about yourself and mention why you are taking the APES course. Also mention why you think you will be successful in the APES exam. This task will be given a grade of 5 points upon completion. Task # 2: Basic math Skills Review the following information before proceeding to solve the problems A.) Percentage 17% =17/100=.17 - Remember that percent literally means divided by Percentage is a measure of the part of the whole: (part/whole) x million is what percentage of the US population? 15 million/300 million =.05 or 5% - What is 20% of this $15 bill so that I can give a good tip? $15 x.20 = $15 x (20/100) = $3 - What is the percentage growth? New old/old X 100 B.) Scientific Notation Thousand = 10 3 = 1,000 Million = 10 6 = 1,000,000 Billion = 10 9 = 1,000,000,000 Trillion = = 1,000,000,000,000 -When using very large numbers, scientific method is often easiest to manipulate. For example, The US population is 300 million or 3 X When adding or subtracting, exponents must be the same. Add the numbers in front of the ten and keep the exponent the same. -When multiplying or dividing, multiply or divide the number in front of the ten and add the exponents if multiplying or subtract the exponents if dividing. Ex. 9 x 10 6 /3 x 10 2 = (9/3) x 10(6-2) = 3 x 10 4 Pg. 3

4 C.) Dimensional Analysis You should be able to convert any unit into any other unit accurately. You will be expected to write all problems in this format. You can go to the following sites for guidance if you are not familiar with this method. D.) Prefixes You must also be able to make simple conversions and know the following prefixes- Tera (T): Giga (G): 10 9 Mega (M): 10 6 Kilo (k): 10 3 Hector (h): 10 2 Deka (da): 10 Deci (d): 10-1 Centi (c): 10-2 Milli (m): 10-3 Micro (μ): 10-6 Nano (n): 10-9 For example: 1 mg (milligram) = 1/1000 g (gram) 1 km (kilometer) = 1000 M (meters) Now answer the following questions and show all of your work. For any conversions questions, be sure to use dimensional analysis! Each question is worth 2 points for a total of 20 points for this task. 1) What is one million times one thousand? Show your work in scientific notation. Give the answer in scientific notation and in words. 2) A population of deer had 200 individuals. If the population grows by 15% in one year, how many deer will there be the next year? Pg. 4

5 3) One year I had 40 APES students and the next year I had 50. By what percentage did the population of APES students grow? 4) Electricity costs 6 cents per kilowatt hour (kwh). In one month one home uses one megawatt hour of electricity. How much will the bill be? (use the prefixes chart on the previous page for the conversion of kilo to mega) 5) Your car gets 15 miles to the gallon and your friend s car gets 25 miles to the gallon. You decide to go on a road trip to Virginia Tech which is 300 miles away. If gas costs $4 per gallon and you decide to split the gas money, how much money will you save in gas by driving your friend s car? 6) Virginia Beach is 10 miles wide and 30 miles long. If one inch of rain falls on Virginia Beach, how many cubic feet of rain fell on the beach? (Hint: convert all units to feet first) 7) The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO 2 ). Two autos are making a trip of 600 miles. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much less carbon (in CO 2 ) will be produced by the second auto on this trip? 8) How many oranges are in a crate if the price of a crate of oranges is $1.60 and the price of oranges is $0.20 per pound and there are 3 oranges per pound? 9) What is the cost to drive to Los Angeles from San Francisco a distance of 400 miles if the cost of gasoline is $2.90 a gallon and the car gets 25 miles per gallon of gas? 10) What is the cost of coal in dollars per ton if it costs $0.04 per kilogram? (1 ton = 1000 kg) Pg. 5

6 Task # 3: Environmental Laws For the following list of laws, state the main objective of each law- 1. Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970, Clean Water Act (CWA) of Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund), Endangered Species Act (ESA) of Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) 8. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA) of Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 Total Possible Points- 20 Task # 4: Vocabulary and Chemical symbols A. Define/explain the following: 1 point each for a total of 10 Points 1. Law of conservation of matter 2. 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics 3. Organic vs. Inorganic 4. Natural vs. Synthetic 5. Half life 6. Equation for Photosynthesis (reactants and products) 7. Equation for Cellular Respiration (reactants and products) 8. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic 9. Climate Change 10. Ecological footprint B. Write the full name of each of these chemical abbreviations: 5 points CO 2, CO, C 6 H 12 O 6, CH 4, H 2, N 2, NO 2, NO 3 -, NH 3, O 2, O 3, PO 4 3-, S, K, SO 2, Pb, NaCl, Hg, Rn, H 2 SO 4 Pg. 6

7 Task # 5: Environmental Disasters Provide a brief description for the following environmental disasters and include the location, chemical of concern, and year it occurred. Chernobyl Bhopal Three mile island Tokaimura nuclear plant Deepwater Horizon Minamata Love Canal Seveso dioxin Baia Mare The Exxon Valdez Total Possible Points- 40 Task # 6: Current Events In environmental science, it s important to know about current issues in the news. One of our goals for this course is to educate you about environmental issues that are important to our community, our country, and our world. We will be reading and discussing a variety of current events throughout the school year as well. This is a great opportunity to start thinking about the environment and how it affects us. Over the course of the summer, find three articles that relate to environmental science. Topics include, but are not limited to: pollution, climate change, environmental legislation, alternative energy sources, fossil fuels, human population growth, renewable resources, recycling/waste management, air quality, water quality, conservation/wildlife, food production/food safety, deforestation, GMOs (genetically modified organisms), etc. This portion of the summer assignment must be typed in 12 pt. Times New Roman or a similar font. It must be double spaced. For each article, you should submit: - a copy of the article (4 points each) - a summary of the article content (12 points each) - a personal reaction (14 points each) Pg. 7

8 Article: All articles should be current ( ) and taken from a reliable source. The sources may be scientific publications, popular magazines, newspapers or the like. Try the NY Times (especially Tuesdays), Washington Post, National Geographic, Discover Magazine, Natural History Magazine, Time, Scientific American, Science, Nature, etc. The articles should be long enough for you to write a substantial summary and well-thought out response. Try to find a variety of articles at the state, national, and global level (i.e. not all articles should be about the Chesapeake Bay) that address multiple environmental issues. Summary: Write a brief summary of each article and point out the major environmental themes discussed. Your summary should be no less than 250 words. Personal Reaction: Your personal reaction should clearly state your opinions and/or reflection on the article. You can offer potential solutions, compare it to another environmental problem, ask questions about the article, or simply reflect on the article s content. Do not simply write, This article was very interesting/good. It should be no less than 250 words. Some questions to drive your discussion: - What are the key points made in the article? - What are the points of view presented about this issue? - Does the article teach you something new? - Does it support or refute other information you've heard or read? How so/in what way? Pg. 8