Vocabulary for Section 1.1: Pressure. Atmosphere. Troposphere. Ionosphere O zone Layer. Ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Stratosphere

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1 Name: Date: Module I: Section 1.1 Vocabulary and Study Guide for: Atmosphere Objectives: You will learn to identify the gases in Earth s atmosphere. You will learn to describe the structure of Earth s atmosphere. You will learn to explain what causes air pressure. Vocabulary for Section 1.1: Pressure Atmosphere Troposphere Ionosphere O zone Layer Ultraviolet radiation Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere

2 Importance of Atmosphere (Pg. 8) 1. What is the purpose of Earth s atmosphere? What would days and nights be like here on Earth if the atmosphere did not exist? Makeup of the Atmosphere (Pg. 8) 2. What elements were in Earth s early atmosphere? How did they differ from Earth s present atmosphere? _ 3. What does the ozone layer protect us from? _ 4. What do living organisms, including humans, depend on in order to survive on Earth? (Pg. 9) 5. is the most abundant gas, making up 78 percent of the atmosphere. 6. Oxygen makes up only percent of Earth s atmosphere.

3 7. Approximately what fraction of Earth s atmosphere is oxygen? Show your work. 8. Approximately percent of the atmosphere is water vapor. 9. How does driving a car affect the composition of the atmosphere? _ 10. Why is it so critical that the amount of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere does NOT increase too much? _ 11. What solid particles are present in the atmosphere? How do they get there? _ Layers of the Atmosphere (Pg. 10) 12. List the five layers of the atmosphere in sequential order starting with the layer closest to Earth s surface

4 13. Describe at least 3 characteristics of the troposphere: Describe at least 3 characteristics of the stratosphere: Describe at least 2 characteristics of the mesosphere: Describe at least 2 characteristics of the thermosphere: Describe at least 2 characteristics of the exosphere: Atmospheric Pressure (Pg. 12) 18. Atmospheric gases have. 19. As Earth s pulls the gases toward its surface, the weight of these gases presses down on the air below.

5 20. The molecules nearest Earth s surface are closer together. This air exerts more force than the less air near the top of the atmosphere. Force exerted on an area is called. 21. Air pressure is near Earth s surface and higher in the atmosphere. 22. Where is air pressure greater in the exosphere or in the troposphere? Why? 23. Why do people find it difficult to breathe in high mountains? _ (Pg. 13) Temperature in Atmospheric Layers 24. The is the source of most of the energy on Earth. 25. Some layers of the atmosphere contain gases that easily absorb the Sun s energy while other layers do not. Therefore, the various layers have different. 26. Molecules that make up air in the are warmed mostly by heat from Earth s surface. Temperature in the decreases with altitude. 27. Approximately how many degrees Celsius does the air temperature drop for every kilometer you climb?

6 28. Why does the temperature in the stratosphere rise with increasing altitude? 29. Temperature in the mesosphere with altitude. The Ozone Layer (Pg. 14) 30. The ozone layer lies within what layer of the atmosphere? 31. What can too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation do to people? 32. When are chlorofluorocarbons used? 33. Why are chlorofluorocarbons harmful?

7 (Pg. 15) 34. What is the ozone hole? 35. When did governments start banning the production of CFCs?