Gli atti dei convegni e più di contenuti su.

Transcription

1 Termotecnica Cogenerazione Pompe di Industriale Calore Gli atti dei convegni e più di contenuti su

2 I benefici e le nuove strade della cogenerazione Giuseppe Messina Convegno mcter L ATTUALITA DELLA COGENERAZIONE 25 Giugno 2015 San Donato Milanese

3 UTTEI UNITA TECNICA TECNOLOGIE AVANZATE PER L ENERGIA E L INDUSTRIA

4 Outline q The context q Decarbonizing heating and cooling q A new opportunity for the cogeneration growth q Conclusions

5 The context: the 2-4-6DS scenarios To achieve the 2DS, energy-related C0 2 emissions must be halved until From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

6 The Context Technology portfolio to reach 2DS Cogeneration can play as a multi-player From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

7 Decarbonizing heating and cooling is a must Renewable heat Integration with electricity District heating and cooling network Co-generation Surplus heat Heating and cooling account for 46% of global energy use. Their huge potential for cutting CO 2 emissions is often neglected. From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

8 Decarbonizing heating and cooling Heat demand in the current context Worldwide, 66% of heat is generated by fossil fuels. The large proportion of heat generation from fossil fuels in OECD countries is in many cases used to provide lowgrade heat services (i.e. heat below 100 C), which can be supplied by a wide range of low-carbon alternatives. From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

9 Decarbonizing heating and cooling Residential heating and cooling trends In OECD countries, more than two-thirds of existing older buildings will still be standing in Energy demand for space heating is expected to remain substantially flat. However, in non-oecd countries, an estimated 52% to 64% of the building stock that will exist by 2050 has not yet been built. The demand for thermal comfort is expected to increase, combined with the risk of locking in older technologies in building stocks. From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

10 Decarbonizing heating and cooling Heat pumps and cogeneration The simultaneous use of cogeneration and heat pumps flattens the load profile, can lower costs and help the decarbonization path. From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

11 Decarbonizing heating and cooling Heat demand by sector Industry is the larger heat-consuming with shares of 44% globally and 43% in OECD countries Residential commercial and public services combined, are responsible for over 50% of heat demand From: IEA Co-generation and Renewables 2011

12 Decarbonizing heating and cooling Heat quality by sector Meeting heat demand is a question of both quantity and quality of heat. High temperature heat demand is about 43%, medium and low temperature demands correspond respectively to 30% and 27 %. From: IEA Co-generation and Renewables 2011

13 Renewables growth: a new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth? 42% Average annual growth in Solar PV 75% Cost reduc7ons in Solar PV in just three years in some countries 27% Average annual growth in wind From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

14 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Renewables and load-flexibility From: SBC ENERGY INSTITUTE ANALYSIS BASED ON 50 HERTZ DATASET

15 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Solar Eclipse: a real stress-test 34 GW 10:41 CET From: ENTSOE - Solar Eclipse Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015

16 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Solar Eclipse: a real stress-test From: ENTSOE - Solar Eclipse Impact Analysis, 19 February 2015

17 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Flexibility from power generation Start- up 7me [hours] Ramp rate [% per min] Time from 0 to full rate [hour] Minimum stable load factor [%] Nuclear Hydro Coal (conven7onal) OCGT CCGT Hydro generation can respond more quickly than other technologies, but the resource is geographically limited Open Cycle Gas Turbines (OCGT) are therefore very often considered For the traditional base load power plants, a change in operation would translate into reduced load factors, while maintenance cost increase and thus lower financial revenue From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012

18 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Flexibility from power generation Start- up 7me [hours] Ramp rate [% per min] Time from 0 to full rate [hour] Minimum stable load factor [%] Nuclear Hydro Coal (conven7onal) OCGT CCGT From: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 It is likely that the growth of wind capacity will have to be matched to a large extent by back up fossil plant... It is also possible that in response to market signals due to the intermittency of wind power, investors are likely to favour fast response technologies as backup, such as open-cycle gas generation which have high carbon emissions (EDF Energy, 2009)

19 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Flexibility from Power Generation Several renewables are inherently both variable and umpredictable The auspicable growth of renewables is exponential and they will be the most important contribution in the future energy scenarios OPGC are some of the fastest to ramp up or down making them good candidates for backing-up variable renewables OCGT due to the relatively high emissions can partially frustrate the advantages gained by the growth of renewables As it is likely that OCGT wiil be good candidates for the grid back-up, it make sense to use the most efficient ones: cogeneration OCGT plants

20 A new oppotunity for the cogeneration growth Technology is ready HRSG THERMAL Storage SOLAR Gas Turbine New utilities plant at LAX has 1.5-million-gallon thermal energy storage tank and a 8.4 MW cogeneration plant consisting of gas-turbine-driven generators Ben Welter, May 01, 2015

21 Conclusions 2DS scenario implies a strong reinforcement on the use of cogeneration in traditional application fields The coupling of cogeneration with technologies as heat pumps, traditionally seen as competitors, can enhance the primary energy saving The new needs of electrical grid power backup, due to the dramatic growth of non programmable renewables, could open a new era for cogenerative gas-fired power plants

22 & Processes Labor ator y Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustanaible Economic Development G iuse p p e Me ssina Me c ha nic a l Eng ine e r Sustanaible Combustion Technical Unit Advanced Technologies for Energy and Industry Phone FAX Mob. Mail giuseppe.messina.cas@enea.it & Processes Labor ator y C. R. Casaccia Via Anguillarese Santa Maria di Galeria Rome Italy Thanks for your a=en?on! giuseppe.messina.cas@enea.it