Nanotechnology Solutions for Energy

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1 Nanotechnology Solutions for Energy - Innovation and Sustainable Development with nanotechnology - Professor Rüdiger Iden Polymer Research BASF Aktiengesellschaft

2 Definition Nanotechnology We define nanoscience as the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale and nanotechnologies as the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. [i] Nanoscience and nanotechnologies July 2004; A Report by The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering

3 Change of Properties at the Nanometer Scale Next to quantum effects surface properties are playing a major role due to the increased surface-volume ratio at the nanometer scale Chemical reactivity is higher Electronic properties depend on the exact size Optical properties are changing (absorption, scattering) Mechanical properties (hardness) Transport properties (heat, current) Bioavailability

4 Humanity s Top Ten Problems for next 50 years 1. ENERGY 2. WATER 3. FOOD 4. ENVIRONMENT 5. POVERTY 6. TERRORISM & WAR 7. DISEASE 8. EDUCATION 9. DEMOCRACY 10. POPULATION Billion People Billion People Source: Prof. R.E. Smalley, Our Enery Challange, Colombia University, NYC, 23 September

5 The energy challenge Sustainable Development with nanotechnology Shortage of fossil fuels Increase of energy costs Import dependence Climate change Nanotechnology leads to sustainable developments in new materials Energy sources Energy conversion Energy storage Energy conservation

6 Nanotechnology in chemical products for conserving fossil resources sustainable solutions Household Transportation Home

7 Nano-Research for energy systems Nanocubes Hydrogen storage MOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasing the amount of stored gas per system volume Nanostructure Insulation material Decrease pore size of polymer foams to around 100 nm Use a process which is cost efficient and environmentally friendly Nanoparticle Fuel additive Novel catalyst technology for diesel fuels based on nanoparticles Improvement in fuel economy and reduction in particulate emissions Cerium dioxide nanoparticle coated 8-25 nm Nanoparticle Lithium-Ion-Battery Nanomaterials based separator for safety Ultra high capacity with tailor made nanomaterial electrodes Nanoparticle Solarcells > Dye Solarcells > Organic solarcells New design, new processes, eco-friendly, low production costs, not commercially available

8 Energy conservation Nanocomposite Dispersions Nanostructure Problem Architectural paints have insufficient dirt pick-up resistance and are formulated using organic solvents to achieve curing at ambient temperature Solution Using nanocomposites (polymer and nm silica particles) as paint binder 100 nm

9 Energy conservation Nanocomposite Dispersions Advantages cominbation of high hardness and low film formation temperature solvent-free formulations are possible high water vapour permeability high solvent resistance high adhesion to mineral substrates low dirt pick-up

10 Energy conservation Nanocomposite Dispersions AND No energy wasted for cleaning Longer Durability, less repainting Less Energy needed for production

11 Energy storage Nanocubes Nanostructure Problem Need for low cost and low weight storage system For hydrogen to be applied in mobile FC applications or for gaseous energy carriers Solution MOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasing the amount of stored gas per system volume 20 µm

12 Novel Materials Metal-organic frameworks MOF Superior performance in gas processing and gas storage Gas-Uptake [g Gas / L system ] + = + + BASOCUBE Pressure [bar] State-of-art MOF-materials (BASOCUBE ) allow triple amount higher gas uptake per volume and 100-times faster gas uptake

13 Nanotechnology and Energy Why nanofoams? Thermal conductivity: λ total = λ matrix + λ gas + λ radiation Typical commercial polymer foam λ total : EPS = 37 mw/m*k λ matrix : EPS = 1.8 mw/m*k λ gas : EPS = 25.4 mw/m*k λ radiation : EPS = 9.8 mw/m*k Target: Minimation of LAMBDA in nanoporous foams

14 Thermal Insulation Our Vision for Nanofoams State-of-the-art The vision ΔT ΔT Bulk Diffusion Gas-Gas Collisions Knudsen Diffusion Gas-Wall Collisions

15 The Smart Energy Home Concept Lead Market Smart Energy Efficient Home Energy / Resources Smartness Health / comfort Thermal insulation Fuel cells/ batteries Efficient domestic appliances Efficient lighting Phase changing materials Photovoltaics Water and waste management Awareness enhancing technologies Domotics Smart materials Security Remote shopping Self cleaning surfaces Remote diagnostics - monitoring Sound insulation Personalized nutrition Sustainable consumer products Air quality

16 What s new in the SEH Integration vs. fragmentation Much more than another prototype of the house of the future : In summary the Smart Energy Home will provide Energy / resources Partner platform to facilitate testing and scaling up Demonstration platform to showcasing the importance of chemistry and material development for a sustainable future in Europe Health/ comfort Smartness Direct feedback from end users living innovations Implementing results of leading FP projects in real life solutions for consumers With the right support considerable market uptake could be achieved within 3 to 5 years rather than 10 to 15 years

17 The Smart Energy Home Concept Triple C Concept The potential of technologies for the creation of world class markets Consumer driven resource Conservation enabled by Chemistry Develop a wide range of NanoMaterials Appliances Equipment and integrated technologies to create next generation efficiencies in areas such as energy use and consumer convenience without extra CO 2 emissions

18 4 Product categories for lead markets Highly efficient next generation construction materials Ultra efficient next generation appliances (in the widest sense) that have been validated for the required consumer acceptance by actual in home use Service, know-how and licensing opportunities from integrating new power generation technologies within a house in a manner that is acceptable from a social, appearance, consumer use and economic perspective Modular home building technologies applicable to both individual homes, but also to larger scale construction opportunities such as social housing and public buildings

19 Building the Lead Market Smart Energy Efficient Home Harmonization of regulations, accelerate market development, Public promotion, increase awareness and SME support stimulate research and market speeding up market uptake strengthen European competitiveness (Research & Industry) implementation of new eco-efficient production methods and facilitate next generation high value-added products

20 Visionary Project Smart Plus Energy Home New Nanomaterials for Innovative energy conversion, management and storage systems (fuel cells, thin film solar cells, small biorefineries, biogas, ) Photovoltaic, self cleaning facade paints White OLEDs for lighting thermal insulation (e.g. nanofoams)

21 The Strategic Research Approach - Lead Market Initiative Home as self sufficient energy generators, e.g.: Photovoltaics Battery technology Home as eco-efficient environment, e.g.: New washing processes Superior insulation Feeling at home in a healthy house, e.g.: Sustainable consumer products Home health systems We need an integrated funding effort to achieve this bold vision

22 Summary & Outlook Promising product properties can already be achieved using nanoscale materials Future developments will be towards complex formulations and multifunctional materials for various energy applications Nanotechnology helps us to satisfy customer expectations (costs, resources, savings ) And is the key for sustainable development and innovation in the chemical industry and many downstream industries If the gap between research and market can be closed

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