India - Science Technology Innovation Challenges an Ecosystem Approach"

Transcription

1 India - Science Technology Innovation Challenges an Ecosystem Approach" Makarand Phadke March 22, 2012

2 Outline Science, Technology & Innovation Landscape Innovation Ecosystem FICCI s Science Technology & Innovation Committee 2

3 What is Innovation? Ideas New questions New customer needs Obstacles Technology Integration Out-of-the-box thinking New products & service Values Action Credit: Pravin Rajpal 3

4 What is Innovation? Innovation is a successful exploitation of a new idea. Keywords: 1. new idea, 2. exploitation, and 3. successful - Dr Mashelkar 4

5 What is Innovation? New/Novel: - world, country, sector, person. Exploitation: - lab demonstration of novelty is not enough - execution is the key Successful: - speed, scale, sustainability - Dr Mashelkar 5

6 Innovative Companies Deliver Higher Sales Growth and Margins Innovative Companies 10 Yr Median Growth in Net Margin (%) 3.40% Most Innovative Companies 5 Yr Sales Growth (%) 346% Standard & Poor's % Source: Business Week 2006 Less Innovative Companies 138% 5 Yr Sales Growth (%) Source: Pricewaterhouse Coopers

7 S&T, Innovation Challenges in India Bottom-of-pyramid focus Market-driven Research Low investments in R & D by private sector Apatite for Risk Taking Weak linkages between the Academia Industry Govt Human Resources in S&T 7

8 Growth in Indian R&D Manpower/Labs Source: Background Paper, FICCI Conference R&D

9 India Lags in R&D Spend as % of GDP 75% of R&D Spend in India is Public Sector/Government R&D Source: Background Paper, FICCI Conference R&D

10 India Lags in Patent Applications 10

11 Indian Companies Lag Multi Nationals in Patenting Activity Source: Battle Estimaet 11

12 India s Efforts Lack of financial and human capital R&D/GDP: 0.8% compared with China s nearly 1.7% in 2009 (And China s economy is three times Indian economy) Number of core researchers : 1.5 (India):10 (China) Tertiary education institutions Extremely uneven in quality Teaching focused rather than research focused 12

13 Mega trends : Water-Food-Energy Climate change may impact India s hydrological cycle, increasing overall daily rainfall intensity and rainy days in the Godavari and Krishna basins and decreasing rainy days in the western Ganga basin. Clim ate In 2010, India s CO 2 emissions reached 1,633 million metric tons and is projected to increase 86% by Water Agriculture is responsible for withdrawing 688 billion m 3 / year of w ater 90% of India s total w ater w ithdraw al. Water, food, energy, and climate must be responsibly managed in order to ensure long-term economic, societal, and environmental sustainability. Food Energy 90% of Indian bioethanol is produced from molasses, a sugar processing byproduct. Secondgeneration biofuels will use non-edible feedstock to reduce competition between fuels and food. Would megatrends impact Indian growth story? 13

14 Water Energy are interlinked Some of the cities in US and Singapore are already recycling waste water to drinking water using micro filtration, reverse osmosis and further purification with hydrogen peroxide and UV light and other advancing technologies Toilet to tap concept for reusing wastewater is becoming routine 14

15 Challenge Ahead Depleting Water Table Water Table Monsoon Key for Agriculture Parts of India are on track for severe water shortages, according to results from NASA's gravity satellites. The water table is falling by about 4cm (1.6 inches) per year. Water for Irrigation (90% of water usage): Inefficient Flood Irrigation India is a water-scarce country, with 16% world population but less than 4% of the world's water resources Water Conservation and Large-scale Storage Need Advanced Agro Technologies for Efficient Use of Water Wars may be fought over water before oil - Water consumption pattern must change 15

16 Challenge Ahead Mitigate Urbanization Consequences For all developing countries, urbanization is going to rapidly increase The new middle class will acquire more cars, major appliances and more energy intensive lifestyle. We Need Disruptive Innovative Solutions to Sustainably meet this Demand 50% of World Population Lives in and around cities Unplanned & Congested areas of West Delhi Planned Sub City Solitude will be a luxury may be a traded commodity 16

17 Challenge Ahead Climate Change Melting of the Himalayan glacier will cause heavy floods, but in the long run could convert India s wheat belt into a desert It will also affect the eco system of the entire region including Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar (>50 % world population) UN Report warns of dire consequences to the developing nations due to climate change Global Challenge Requires Mobilization of efforts on Global Scale 17

18 India will gradually turn middle-class West of the Kanpur- Chennai line East of the Kanpur- Chennai line 50% 50% Kanpur- 32% 22% Chennai 8%

19 ASPIRATION OF FICCI S&T COMMITTEE Advocate appropriate public policy to boost science, technology and innovation sector in India Improve industry awareness about national & bi-lateral programs in the arena of S&T Help Create new and inclusive innovation ecosystem with special focus on Bottom-of-Pyramid solutions Create enabling platforms for industry, academia and research labs to collaborate and co-create new knowledge Expand and enlarge basic science infrastructure in the country Explore and exploit international S&T collaboration 19

20 R&D 2011 Industry Academia Linkages Mr. Sam Pitroda, Advisor to PM & Chairman, National Innovation Council Dr. R. Chidambaram, Principal Scientific Advisor to PM 20

21 Agenda FICCI S&T Committee POLICY ADVOCACY EVENTS RESEARCH PROJECTS INTERNATIONAL S&T COOPERATION 21

22 THANK YOU THANK YOU