SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Transcription

1 XXI FICEM-APCAC GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND MEMBERS CONGRESS INSTITUTES FORUM - Concrete Solutions For Sustainable Cities SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT October Quito, Ecuador Dr Jean-Marie CHANDELLE CEMBUREAU Chief Executive

2 THE CEMENT INDUSTRY An energy intensive industry A CO 2 intensive industry A capital intensive industry A low labour intensive industry A heavily regulated industry 2

3 AN ENERGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 60 to 130 kg of fuel oil or equivalent fuelling amount per tonne of cement Plus 110 kwh of electricity per tonne 3

4 kg CO 2 /Euro A CO 2 INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 5% of worldwide CO 2 emissions 3% of EU CO 2 emissions High intensity per unit of sales (> 9kg CO 2 per ) CO 2 emissions vs. turnover for different industrial sectors (Germany 1999) ETS: direct & indirect CO 2 cost = 45.5% GVA cement lime refractory bricks ceramics steel NF metals chem. industry paper glass 60% of CO 2 emissions = process emissions 40% of CO 2 emissions = < fuels combustible 4

5 A CAPITAL INTENSIVE INDUSTRY 150M per million tonnes of capacity Three years of turnover before first earned 5

6 LOW LABOUR INTENSITY EU27 CEMBUREAU direct employment in EU minus Cyprus and Slovakia 6

7 A HEAVILY REGULATED INDUSTRY EU ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ( )

8 KEY EU REGULATION APPLICABLE TO THE CEMENT INDUSTRY Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC), now Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, including former Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community revised by Directive 2008/101/EC Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) Council Directive 89/106/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products (CPD) to be replaced by the Construction Products Regulation (to be published in the OJ EU) 8

9 KEY EU REGULATION APPLICABLE TO THE CEMENT INDUSTRY Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (EPRTR) Directive 2004/35/EC on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (ELD) Council Directive 96/82/EC of 9 December 1996 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (SEVESO II) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes A Global legally binding instrument on mercury is in negotiation Energy Efficiency Directive >90% EU regulation or EU based national rules 9

10 High need for predictability and stability! 10

11 Process Reduction of CO 2 Emissions 11

12 THE EU ROADMAP TO 2050 Cost-efficient pathway to an 80% domestic reduction in % 40% 60% 80% COM(2011) 112 European Commission Communication A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in

13 THE IEA CEMENT ROADMAP TO

14 WHAT CAN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY DELIVER? Process? Product? 14

15 PROCESS: EU ETS BENCHMARKS Grey cement clinker: 766 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker White cement clinker: 987 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker will require a huge effort: 60% process emissions fuel related emissions minus 30% Average emissions : 858 kg CO 2 per tonne clinker (grey cement clinker) Access to biomass critical! 15

16 Free Allocation = BM x HAL [Median ] NIMs in preparation 16

17 Process Co-processing of Alternative Fuels 17

18 FACTS & FIGURES ON EU WASTE MGMT Huge potential of reducing disposal and increasing the use of waste as a resource Total EU-27 waste generation: 3 billion tonnes/year 6 tonnes/person/year More than 50% disposed Less than 50% recovered (recycling + energy recovery) 18

19 CO-PROCESSING IN THE WASTE HIERARCHY 19

20 Fuel Energy in MJ/t clinker Source: CEMBUREAU EL December 07 REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION Development of the specific fuel energy consumption in CEMBUREAU countries since Existing technologies do not provide further potential (<2%) for significant improvement in terms of energy efficiency Breakthrough technologies are not in sight

21 Thermal energy by fuel EU27 - Year 2009 coal + anthracite + waste coal 12% coal + anthracite + waste coal petrol coke Alternative fossil fuels* 28% petrol coke 54% (ultra) heavy fuel diesel oil natural gas shale lignite 2% lignite shale 0% Alternative fossil fuels* * Including biomass fuels Source: WBCSD CSI - GNR natural gas 1% diesel oil 0% (ultra) heavy fuel 3% 21

22 Alternative fossil fuels EU27 - Year 2009 other fossil based wastes 12% Biomass fuels 18% waste oil 4% mixed industrial waste 21% tyres 16% waste oil tyres plastics solvents impregnated saw dust impregnated saw dust 4% Source: WBCSD CSI - GNR solvents 7% plastics 18% mixed industrial waste other fossil based wastes Biomass fuels 22

23 THE EUROPEAN CEMENT INDUSTRY RECOVERS THE LARGEST VOLUMES OF WASTE AND BIOMASS E U R O P E E U R O P E GNR covers 100% of Europe, 75% of NA and <50% non-annex 1 countries WBCSD/CSI "Get the Numbers Right" data collection

24 WASTE & BIOMASS IN CEMENT PROCESS REDUCE ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS Waste incineration & cement manufacturing Waste used as alternative fuel in cement manufacturing CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Emissions Waste Fossil Fuels Waste Fossil Fuels Resources Waste Incinerator + Cement plant Cement plant Cement Products Cement 24

25 SOLID WASTE IN CEMENT PROCESS (B) PREVENTS METHANE EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILL (A) A) Waste landfilling & cement manufacturing B) Waste used as alternative fuel in cement manufacturing CO 2 Methane GWP 21 CO 2 eq CO 2 Emissions CO 2 CO 2 Waste Fossil fuel Landfill without flare + Cement plant Resources carbon content Waste Fossil fuel Cement plant Landfill & Leachate Cement Products Cement 25 GWP = Global Warming Potential

26 Process Other Emissions 26

27 PROCESS: NO X & SO 2 EMISSIONS 2 nd Cement BREF OJEC C166/5, 25 June 2010 IED 2010/75/EU, formerly IPPC NO x C- total ELV for CO The competent authority may set emission limit values for CO 27

28 PROCESS: MERCURY Mercury INC 2 UNEP Global Legally Binding Instrument to reduce Atmospheric emissions Mercury waste through BAT & BEP + Monitoring & Reporting through sectoral partnership cement specific CEMBUREAU NGO status Cooperation with ECRA (ULg Study) 28

29 After process Product 29

30 PRODUCT: PROGRESS OF NON CEM I CEMENTS = LOW CARBON FOOTPRINT Reduction of clinker ratio in Europe cement 30

31 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

32 DOMESTIC DELIVERIES OF CEMENT BY TYPE AND STRENGTH CEMBUREAU COUNTRIES - SYNTHESIS 2007 Strength Class Ordinary High Very High (32.5 of pren 197-1) (42.5 of pren 197-1) (52.5 of pren 197-1) Unspecified TOTAL Category Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % % Ktonnes % CEM I - Portland cement % 6.7% % 49.1% % 18.4% % 25.8% % CEM II - Portland-composite cements Portland-burnt shale cement % 87.6% % 12.4% % Portland-composite cement % 42.3% % 53.0% 1 0.0% 0.0% % 4.7% % Portland-fly ash cement % 26.1% % 70.4% % 3.4% % Portland-limestone cement % 36.7% % 57.5% % 1.4% % 4.4% % Portland-pozzolana cement % 29.6% % 70.2% % 0.2% % Portland-silica fume cement 0 0.0% 0.0% % 100.0% % Portland-slag cement % 46.4% % 43.2% % 8.2% % 2.1% % Unspecified % 100.0% % TOTAL CEM II % 35.4% % 52.2% % 1.4% % 11.0% % CEM III - Blastfurnace cement % 32.6% % 38.5% % 1.3% % 27.6% % CEM IV - Pozzolanic cement % 97.1% % 2.9% % CEM V - Composite cement & Others % 60.2% % 12.5% % 8.5% % 18.7% % TOTAL % 31.7% % 46.3% % 6.2% % 15.8% % Notes National cement types do not, in some cases, correspond exactly to EN However, for the purpose of producing a summary they have been categorised accordingly Countries not included: AT, IE, LT, LV, LU, NO, RO ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

33 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

34 ICCT Congress-Cordoba-Sustainable cement-jmc

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36 120yr 30yr FROM CEMENT TO CONCRETE: NETTING CO 2 DOWN THE VALUE CHAIN 60yr 40yr 60yr 36

37 CO 2 EMISSIONS OVER 60-YEAR LIFE CYCLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION (heating, cooling & lighting) 10% 90% 2-3% CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 37

38 CARBON STRATEGY: THE HOLISTIC VIEW Embodied impacts 90% of the environmental impact occurs during the in-use phase (from heating, cooling and lighting) In-use impacts 10% is from the embodied energy used to produce the fabric of the building itself (taken over a 60 year life-cycle) 38

39 CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS CO 2 emissions from buildings in the EU: 40% The Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) Directive 2002/91/EC Recast Directive 2010/31/EU Elimination of the 1 000m 2 threshold for existing buildings minimum energy performance requirements for all existing buildings undergoing a major renovation All new buildings in the EU as from December 2020 (2018 for public buildings) will have to be nearly zero energy buildings 5-6% saving of EU s total energy consumption by % saving of EU s total CO 2 emissions by

40 CO 2 Emissions (tonnes) DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION / MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE THE CASE FOR THERMAL MASS 220 Whole life CO 2 Emissions from House Heavyweight: Offset achieved in about 21 to 25 years Mediumweight: Offset achieved in about 11 years Concrete thermal mass: Year Reduced heating energy consumption by 2-15% When combined with ventilation, it can reduce the energy used for cooling up to 50% 40

41 12. Is convinced that the problem of urban congestion, which causes 40% of CO 2 emissions and 70% of other pollutant emissions from vehicles, needs to be tackled more ambitiously, without infringing the subsidiarity principle, by applying a Europe-wide cooperation and coordination strategy; 41

42 tonnes of oil equivalent/year 42

43 PRODUCTS: ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Concrete roads Reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicles Dykes To prevent flooding Use of thermal mass in concrete buildings 43

44 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS - ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Adaptation in flood risk areas: Resilience to flood damage Raised concrete houses Floating houses with concrete basements 44

45 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION / MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS SUDS: Gravity drains surface water runoff from hard standing areas into the system Can be designed to reduce the risk of flooding Also can reduce the pollutant load in the surface water runoff Can help organisations to save money on their use of non-potable water 45

46 Costs Benefits THE BUSINESS CASE: SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING EXAMPLE: Employment (direct indirect) Use of alternative fuels Use of alternative raw materials Investment in local community Employment (direct / indirect) Designs for minimal energy use / CO 2 emissions Future or Climate proofed housing and offices Use of recycled materials in construction Raw material extraction Cement manufacture Concrete Manufacture plus (cement & concrete placing) Building infrastructure in use End-of-life Land use / sensitive land use Use of fossil fuels CO 2 SO x, NO x, CO Health & safety Dust CO 2 Waste 46

47 IMAGE OF CEMENT & CONCRETE among Architectural Educators Felt to be better known than any other material Recognised well for cost performance Rated average on saving energy over lifetime Rated far below average on innovative potential Recommended least for the future as a material in construction as a priority in architectural education -a yesterday commodity, overused material- 47 Source: EAAE-Survey, 846 Architectural Educators across Europe, 2001

48 IMAGE OF CEMENT & CONCRETE JUNCTIONS TOWARD IMPROVEMENT Priorities of Materials Subjects in compulsory Courses... CURRENTLY Varieties Properties Aesth. Qualit. Constr. Qualit Cost Effic. Envt l Impact Health Safety iron and steel 58 timber masonry, bricks CONCRETE glass nat. stone, ceramics plastics, foams in the FUTURE Source: RI QUESTA

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