Mohsen Nazemi, P.E. Deputy Executive Officer South Coast Air Quality Management District

Transcription

1 Mohsen Nazemi, P.E. Deputy Executive Officer South Coast Air Quality Management District 1

2 Basin designated non-attainment for PM2.5 NAAQS 2012 AQMP adopted in December 2012 to address the 24-hr PM2.5 Standard and approved by ARB Board in January 2013 Modeling demonstrates the effectiveness of episodic controls for reaching attainment Two key measures identified BCM-01 Residential Wood Burning (Rule 445) BCM-02 Open Burning (Rule 444) 2

3 Rule 444 Open Burning Adopted October 1976 Amended most recently May 2013 Rule 445 Wood-Burning Devices Adopted March 2008 Amended May

4 Rule 445 Wood-Burning Devices Standards for new construction Winter sub-regional wood burning curtailment program Rule 444 Open Burning Establishes no burn days based on air quality forecast/met. conditions Other restrictions

5 Lowered the threshold for sub-regional Mandatory Winter Burning Curtailment from 35 to 30 µg/m 3 Applicable to open burning (Prescribed and Ag Burns) below 3,000 feet (R-444) Specified requirements for a Basin-wide Mandatory Winter Burning Curtailment 5

6 Consider restrictions for open burning on beaches June 7 th Board consideration to postpone Hearing to July 5th 6

7 Recent Newport Beach request before the Coastal Commission to remove fire pits Commission staff cited SCAQMD rules as justification to keep fire rings Large number of fire rings close to where people live, work, and play Wood smoke poses a localized health impact for beach goers and nearby residents 7

8 Source of fine particulate (PM2.5) Source of carcinogenic toxic pollutants Benzene, Formaldehyde, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Contains respiratory irritants Acrolein, NOx Wood burning can affect indoor air quality Health effects studies: In communities with high levels of wood combustion During large wildfire events 8

9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5: Annual Average: 12 g/m 3 24 Hour Average: 35 g/m 3 Guidance for Public Health Officials for Wildfire Smoke Recommended protective measures based upon shorter term PM exposure Includes Time frames as short as 1 to 3 hours for both PM2.5 and PM10: g/m 3 - Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (USG) g/m 3 - Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations g/m 3 - Very Unhealthy Lipsett, Michael and Barbara Materna, Wildfire Smoke A Guide for Public Health Officials, Revising the Air Quality Index and Setting a Significant Harm Level for PM2.5, OAQPS Issue Paper for Discussion at National Air Quality Conference, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS,

10 Beach Name City No. of Fire Pits LOS ANGELES COUNTY 79 Dockweiler State Beach Playa del Rey 73 Cabrillo Beach San Pedro 6 ORANGE COUNTY 778 Bolsa Chica State Beach Huntington Beach 178 Huntington City Beach Huntington Beach 112 Huntington State Beach Huntington Beach 240 Balboa Beach Balboa/Newport Beach 33 Corona Del Mar State Beach Newport Beach 27 Aliso Beach County Park South Laguna 7 Doheny State Beach Dana Point 163 Capistrano Beach Park Capistrano 4 North Beach San Clemente 5 San Clemente City Beach San Clemente 9 10

11 LA County, 79 fire rings Orange County, 778 fire rings 11

12 Assessed the emissions of a single fire ring for one evening One fire event assumed to burn 2 bundles of wood (approx. 32 lbs total) Assumed CARB fireplace emission factor Compared emissions to that of an average on-road 2013 Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) One fire pit in one evening estimated to emit as much PM2.5 as one Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck driving 564 miles 12

13 Burnt glass bottles, cans, and plastic eating utensils Pallet and fire lighter in fire ring Burnt nails and construction binding strap in fire ring at Balboa Pier. 13

14 Purpose Assess potential for human exposure to wood smoke from beach fires Approach Deploy a combination of monitoring technologies and sampling strategies Other Considerations Shifting meteorology, variable activity levels, technology limitations 14

15 Objective: Assess the PM impacts of the Beach Fires at multiple locations downwind over the course of an evening Methods: TSI Inc. DustTrak DRX Measures PM1, PM2.5, PM10 on a second-by-second basis Advantages: small, portable, high time resolution, good survey tool for relative measurements Limitations: not certified to federal reference method criteria; a drying inlet implemented to remove humidity effects 15

16 EBAM Aethalometer CPC PM2.5 Filter Sampling Stationary Site 16

17 Background

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19 Fire pits 4.9 Stationary Monitor

20 Night Wind 1.0 Lowest Measurements: 7pm to 10pm average 15 Fire pits Mobile Measurements: Relative Ratio to lowest observed measurement Fire pits 20

21 Fire pits

22 Gradient 1 Gradient 2 Gradient 3 22

23 Estimated PM2.5 Relative to Background Level Distance from Beach (m) Gradient 1 Gradient 2 Gradient 3 23

24 Objective: Assess the PM impacts of the Beach Fires at a fixed locations, continuously over time Methods: E-BAM Measures PM2.5 on an hourly basis Advantages: portable, low power, same measurement principle as a Federal Equivalent Method Limitations: less accurate at low levels Aethalometer Measures Black Carbon, an indicator of combustion, on a continuous basis Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) - Measures Ultrafine particles, indicative of nearby sources of combustion 24

25 4/12/13 0:00 4/12/13 12:00 4/13/13 0:00 4/13/13 12:00 4/14/13 0:00 4/14/13 12:00 4/15/13 0:00 4/15/13 12:00 4/16/13 0:00 4/16/13 12:00 4/17/13 0:00 4/17/13 12:00 4/18/13 0:00 4/18/13 12:00 4/19/13 0:00 4/19/13 12:00 4/20/13 0:00 4/20/13 12:00 4/21/13 0:00 4/21/13 12:00 4/22/13 0:00 4/22/13 12:00 4/23/13 0:00 4/23/13 12:00 4/24/13 0:00 4/24/13 12:00 4/25/13 0:00 4/25/13 12:00 4/26/13 0:00 4/26/13 12:00 4/27/13 0:00 4/27/13 12:00 4/28/13 0:00 4/28/13 12:00 4/29/13 0:00 4/29/13 12:00 4/30/13 0:00 4/30/13 12:00 5/1/13 0:00 5/1/13 12:00 5/2/13 0:00 Hourly Average PM2.5 ug/m Date/Time EBAM 1 E-BAM 5 USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations 25

26 4/27/2013 0:00 4/27/2013 3:00 4/27/2013 6:00 4/27/2013 9:00 4/27/ :00 4/27/ :00 4/27/ :00 4/27/ :00 4/28/2013 0:00 4/28/2013 3:00 4/28/2013 6:00 4/28/2013 9:00 4/28/ :00 4/28/ :00 4/28/ :00 4/28/ :00 4/29/2013 0:00 4/29/2013 3:00 4/29/2013 6:00 4/29/2013 9:00 4/29/ :00 4/29/ :00 4/29/ :00 4/29/ :00 4/30/2013 0:00 4/30/2013 3:00 4/30/2013 6:00 4/30/2013 9:00 4/30/ :00 4/30/ :00 4/30/ :00 4/30/ :00 5/1/2013 0:00 Hourly Average PM2.5 ug/m Sat Sun Mon Tues Date/Time EBAM 1 E-BAM 5 USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Evening Hours USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 26

27 PM2.5 Estimated Concentration ug/m3) /7/13 12:00 5/6/13 12:00 5/5/13 12:00 5/4/13 12:00 5/3/13 12:00 5/2/13 12:00 5/1/13 12:00 4/30/13 12:00 4/29/13 12:00 4/28/13 12:00 4/27/13 12:00 4/26/13 12:00 4/25/13 12:00 4/24/13 12:00 4/23/13 12:00 4/22/13 12:00 4/21/13 12:00 4/20/13 12:00 4/19/13 12:00 4/18/13 12:00 4/17/13 12:00 4/16/13 12:00 4/15/13 12:00 4/14/13 12:00 4/13/13 12:00 4/12/13 12:00 4/11/13 12:00 4/10/13 12:00 4/9/13 12:00 4/8/13 12:00 4/7/13 12:00 4/6/13 12:00 4/5/13 12:00 4/4/13 12:00 4/3/13 12:00 4/2/13 12:00 4/1/13 12:00 3/31/13 12:00 3/30/13 12:00 3/29/13 12:00 Date and Time Corona Del Mar PM2.5 (ug/m3) Balboa Beach PM2.5 (ug/m3) Corona Del Mar PM2.5 B (ug/m3) USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations 27

28 Maximum Hourly PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) Station Fire (2009) July 4th, 2012 South Coast Basin (2012) Huntington Beach Corona del Mar Balboa Beach USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations 28

29 Beach fire activity is impacting PM2.5 levels at the beach and extending into neighboring communities Concentrations can be up to 10 times background levels for short periods of time in beach parking areas, up to 3 times background at residential locations 1-hour average PM concentrations can exceed public health guidance levels Some measurements are higher than observed across the Basin over a whole year 29

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