Wind Energy Integration; What s the Big Deal?

Transcription

1 Wind Energy Integration; What s the Big Deal? Joint CEEM Australia - ISCR New Zealand Workshop on Electricity Industry Restructuring, UNSW, April About Me 2 CEEM,

2 BUT Mt Millar, Tarong Energy Wattle Point, Dave Clark Woolnorth, Hydro Tas Blayney, Eraring Energy Albany, Verve Energy 3 How Much Installed Wind So Far? /124 0/ /807 0/ / /290 4 CEEM,

3 Location of the renewable energy Largest current MW Planning Approved 329MW Under Construction 192MW 5 Growing size of wind farms Largest Wind Farm Built In Australia Size(MW) * 2008** * Under construction ** Planning Approved 6 CEEM,

4 Wind as a generation resource Resource Non-storable, variable and partly predictable Technology 95%+ availability, controllable conversion effects Output Non-storable, variable, partly predictable, controllable down 7 Illustration of complexity: managing supplydemand balance in the electricity industry Turbine mechanical power Thermal Power stations Hydro generators + _ Electrical power Industrial Commercial Wind farms Residential Kinetic energy in rotors of turbine-generators & motor-loads connected via the network For variations in frequency of bandwidth less than about 0.1Hz, KE (frequency) 2 Frequency is a measure of supply-demand balance: always varying due to fluctuations in the power flows associated with particular devices Wind energy is only one of many fluctuating power flows 8 CEEM,

5 Key issues for wind energy integration Physical complexity: Shared, non-storable, time-varying primary energy flow Commercial complexity: Electricity industry infused with short- to long-term risks that are difficult to commercialise (correctly allocate to industry participants) Institutional complexity: Shared issues in wind farm approvals, grid connection & management of power system security 9 Current situation - NEM Scheduled Submission of dispatch offers Compliance with targets Causer-pay for ancillary services Ability to offer ancillary services Publication of individual outputs forecasts, offers and actual output Comply with technical standards Non-scheduled Are treated as negative demand Can only be curtailed (by NEMMCO) if system security is at risk NEW Publication of grouped outputs, forecasts and actual output New Technical Standards 10 CEEM,

6 ESIPC wind report to ESCOSA 2005, available 11 ESIPC wind report to ESCOSA 2005, available 12 CEEM,

7 Classified as.. National Electricity Rules (NER) Under NER (b) (3) NEMMCO may classify a generator as a Non-Scheduled Generator if the output of the generating unit is intermittent. intermittent: A description of a generating unit whose output is not readily predictable, including, without limitation, solar generators, wave turbine generators, wind turbine generators and hydrogenerators without any material storage capability. As a Non-Scheduled Generator they are treated as negative demand Non-scheduled but. 13 Soon changed to Semi-Scheduled Scheduled Submission of dispatch offers Compliance with targets Causer-pay for ancillary services Ability to offer ancillary services Publication of individual outputs forecast, offered and real Semi-Scheduled Submission of dispatch offers Causer-pay for ancillary services Ability to offer ancillary services Are treated as positive supply If involved in a constraint Compliance with targets if less than forecast Comply with technical Publication of data standards Not finalised yet Non-scheduled Are treated as negative demand Can only be curtailed (by NEMMCO) if system security is at risk NEW Publication of grouped outputs forecast and real New Technical Standards 14 CEEM,

8 Other stuff Connection agreements in the NEM TNSPs can require certain performance and technical standards TNSPs are responsible for the dispatch of nonscheduled generation South Australia generator licence conditions Prior to 2005: 7 issued(450mw), 11 applied for(1260mw) Licence conditions added in 2005 Main requirement to register as scheduled generators Since 2005: 3 issued(340mw) 15 Automatic Access Fault Ride Through Stylised fault ride through performance for the NEM 16 CEEM,

9 Fault ride through Example 1 17 Fault ride through -Example 18 CEEM,

10 Risks Changes in 5 wind farms The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 19 Normalised Changes in 5 wind farms The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 20 CEEM,

11 Risks Changes in 5 wind farms The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 21 Normalised Changes in 5 wind farms The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 22 CEEM,

12 Changes and Demand The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 23 Large changes at low demand The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 24 CEEM,

13 Interconnectors & Changes in Wind The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 25 Interconnectors & Changes in Wind The sum of wind farms is assuming no significant network constraints 26 CEEM,

14 Conclusions It is important not only for the wind farms to met legitimate electricity system needs BUT for the electricity industry to effectively accommodate to wind energy CEEM,