IGP: Modeling Tools and Evolving Technology Trends

Transcription

1 IGP: Modeling Tools and Evolving Technology Trends Vahan Gevorgian Chief engineer for Grid Integration 2017 IGP Symposium Honolulu, HI November 16, 2017

2 Transforming the grid at a pace and scale that matter % Variable Renewable Energy (of annual energy) Alaska Village Lanai 3 5 Maui Actual Operating System 4 2 Denmark* 0 Germany* Ireland 1 Cont. USA 4 CA* * Part of a larger synchronous AC power system Modeled System System Size (GW) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY DOE 2050 Goals 35% Wind (404 GW) % PV (632 GW) CA 50% WWSIS REF ERGIS Deep Decarbonization 1400 GW wind 900 GW Solar 78 Extremely Difficult Much harder Relatively Easy

3 IGP for Secure and Reliable Island Grids Need in methodological framework using multi-model approach to assess and evaluate options for enhancing system security and reducing associated risks at different time frames Island grids are exposed to various types of vulnerabilities Island power system security must be defined as multidimensional system property optimized to cope with wide range of potential risks: o Resilience o Economic Efficiency o Low or zero emissions o Adequacy o Stability o Robustness NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 3

4 Software Tools for Grid Integration used by NREL NREL In-house Modelling Tools REEDS Regional Energy Deployment System model RPM Resource Planning Model Tool REPRA - Renewable Energy Probabilistic Resource Assessment tool FESTIV Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Renewables MAFRIT Multi-area Frequency Response Integration Tool Gap with the existing commercial software tools NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 4

5 ReEDS Tool Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model to optimize and visualize the build-out of electricity generation and transmission systems Identifies cost-optimal mix of technologies based on: o Regional demand requirements o Grid reliability requirements o Resource and policy constraints Renewable Electricity Futures Study SunShot Vision Study NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 5

6 REPRA and RPM Tools Renewable Energy Probabilistic Resource Adequacy (REPRA) tool o Helps understand how different generation types can contribute to the resource adequacy from a reliability point of view Resource Planning Model (RPM) capacity expansion model designed for a regional power system o Optimization model to find the least-cost investment and dispatch solution over a 20-year planning horizon o Dispatch modeling within RPM is conducted using hourly time-steps sampled throughout a year, and the model considers energy balance, reserves, and many generator constraints NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 6

7 Enhancing PLEXOS Production Cost Model NREL works with Energy Exemplar to add the new capabilities to model system operation at a 1 sec resolution and then build on this capability to provide AGC and estimates of NERC CPC metrics Use cases under development: o Quantifying the operational benefit of flexible energy storage o Refined market designs with improved reliability model NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 7

8 FESTIV and MAFRIT Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Variable Generation (FESTIV) tool o Evaluates impacts of variability and uncertainty on power system operations (multiple-timescale, interconnected simulation ) o Produces both economic and reliability metrics o Evaluates trade-offs in economic and reliability benefits, and incentive structures Multi-Area Frequency Response Integration Tool (MAFRIT) allows integrating primary frequency response with AGC o Simulates the power system dynamic response in full time spectrum with variable time steps, from millisecond to minutes to hours and days o Simulate both normal and event conditions, can represent real power system operations and evaluate the primary and secondary reserves adequacy o Can be used for a single-area island system NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8

9 Linking MAFRIT and FESTIV NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 9

10 Testing 300-MW PV Plant for Grid Services NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 10

11 Snapshot of PREPA AGC Display #4 No conventional unit is selected for AGC, AES Ilumina is the only active unit NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 11

12 Active Power Curtailment Test NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 12

13 Plant AGC Performance Mismatch due to error in available power estimation Mismatch since plant reached its minimum power setpoint (40% of available) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13

14 Changing Flexibility Resources Landscape NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 14

15 Energy Storage vs. Combined Cycle for Ancillary Services Potentially 4:1 flexibility benefit for the same installed power capacity NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 15

16 BESS for PV Curtailment Reduction and Ramp Control Typical Spring Day Reduced morning ramp No PV curtailment Reduced evening ramp Actual 3-hour ramp 10,892 MW on February 1, 2016 Net Load 11,663 MW on May 15, 2016 Reduce PV curtailment Limit morning and evening net load ramps PV as a dispatchable source and provider of essential reliability services NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 16

17 Dispatchable Hybrid Wind-BESS Plant Demonstration Total plant power Plant stays on schedule after loss of Siemens GE 1.5MW Siemens 2.3 MW Siemens stopped Discharhing Charging NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 17

18 BESS Providing POD Response Demonstration of Power Oscillations Damping control by BESS POWER (kw) TIME (sec) Magnitude of POD response Frequency of oscillations Decay time Phase angle of oscillations Important to trigger with correct phase angle (right time) and frequency! NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 18

19 Reactive Power and Voltage Control Services 2-quadrant P-Q characteristic for wind and PV inverters Full 4-quadrant P-Q operation with energy storage NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 19

20 Submarine Inter-island Power Transmission Oahu Big Wind Study Puerto Rico USVI BVI Study NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 20

21 Thank you! NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.