Industrial Use of Electron Beam in the Area of Environmental Protection, Material Modification and Food Processing

Transcription

1 Industrial Use of Electron Beam in the Area of Environmental Protection, Material Modification and Food Processing Sylwester Bulka, Yongxia Sun, Andrzej G. Chmielewski Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland

2 Fossil fuels

3 Environmental impact

4 Fig.1. Scheme of EB process for SO 2 and NOx removal in the presence of NH 3

5 Time scaled processes and reactions.

6 Off-Gas emission sources Coal fired boiler Oil fired boiler Diesel engine

7 Pollutants from Coal fired boiler off-gases SO2 and NOx PAHs Dioxins VOCs

8 Changdu, China

9 Fig.3. EPS Pomorzany - general view

10 Fig.4. EPS Pomorzany Plant layout

11 Fig.11. Control room

12 Fig.12 By-products NPK Fertilizer

13 PAH treatment naphtalene acenaphtene anthracene fluoranthene pyrene benzo(a)pyrene dibenzo(a,h) anthracene

14 Fig. 17 Schema of possible dioxin decomposition (Hakoda T. et al.)

15 Fig.19. Dioxin removal by EB from waste incinerator (Hakoda T. et al.) 150 t solid waste produce 40,000 m 3 /h flue gas

16 Fig.20 Dioxins removal (MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION JAERI, Takasaki, Japan) Stack Electron accelerator & Irradiation vessel House for test Self-shielded type and Curtain beams 300 kev max. and 40 ma max.

17 VOCs removal by EB EB, EB + catalyst Most are lab-based experiments, pilot test was performed by Prof. Kim from Konkuk Uni., ROK.

18 EB/Catalyst Konkuk, ROK Acceleration of Electron Irradiation of Electron VOC Removal by Radical Reaction VOC Decomposition by EB e - VOC N 2, O 2, H 2 O, etc. OH, N, H, HO 2, O radicals CO 2, O 3, Byproducts Activation of Catalyst & Oxidation of by-products Oxidation by Catalyst Catalyst radical O 3 e - Surface Activation Surface Reforming Oxidation of by-products & VOC

19 Oil fuel combustion off-gases Electron beam flue gas treatment (EBFGT) technology for simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NOx from combustion of liquid fuels Ahmed A. Basfar, Osama I. Fageeha, Noushad Kunnummal, Seraj Al-Ghamdi,Andrzej G. Chmielewski, Janusz Licki, Andrzej Pawelec, Bogdan Tyminski, Zbigniew Zimek, FUEL, 2007

20 Fig.26. Saudi Arabia pilot plant process units 1. Ammonia addition, 2. EB-TECH mobile unit, 3. cyclone, 4. cartridge filter 5. ID fan 6. stack

21 Table 3. By-Products Cl NO SO NH Na Mg Ca Element Concentration, mg/kg Arsenic <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Cadmium <0.003 < Chromium Cobalt Lead Mercury <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Nickel Zinc Fulfilled heavy metal requirement for fertilizer

22 EBFGT for NOx removal from flue gas emitted from diesel engine Cargo ships SO 2 emission NO x emission Fig. 33 SO 2 and NOx emission from cargo ship

23 Summary EB can be applied for mutilple pollutants treatment (SOx, NOx, VOCs, PAHs and dioxins) from flue gas. EB + catalyst is better effective for VOC removal than EB or catalyst.

24 Industrial Use of Electron Beam in the Area of Environmental Protection Material modification Food processing

25 Environmentally-friendly products Modification of biodegradable polymers for practical applications (as Green products) Crosslinking to improve thermal deformation of Dummy Lens Crosslinking to synthesize hydrogel for Washi improvement and Soil Conditioner Degradation to synthesize Plant Growth Promoter Products for environmental remediation Production of metal adsorbents using Graft polymerization

26 Development of Radiation Processed Environment-friendly Products Crosslinking of Poly-lactic acid with 3 wt % Triallyl isocyanurate to (TAIC) at kgy to improve thermal deformation of Dummy Lens (> 60C, deformation) Ref.: M. Tamada, TARRI, Japan

27 Crosslinking of Cellulose Derivatives 30-70% Carboxymethyl cellulose(cmc) at 50 kgy dose Obtained hydrogel 1. Swell hundreds times in water without dissolving 2. Water is not released by pressure 3. Biodegradability is maintained after crosslinking

28 Development of Radiation Processed Environment-friendly Products super water absorbent (SWA) (Carboxymethyl cellulose gel) can be applied for soil conditioner in arid area, addition 3 % dry SWA to sandy soil in arid area, available soil water content increased 2 times 3% SWA, 31 tons/ha 0% SWA, 19 tons/ha Ref.: M. Tamada, TARRI, Japan

29 Development of Radiation Processed Environmentfriendly Products Decomposed marine polysaccharides such as chitosan from crab and shrimp shells play role of the plant growth promoter (PGP) in shoot elongation and harvesting yield % increase of harvesting yield of rice, chili, potato, carrot etc. In Asian country.

30 Different type Electron Accelerators in INCT 30

31 Industrial Use of Electron Beam in the Area of Environmental Protection Material modification Food processing

32 Industrial Use of Electron Beam in the area of food processing Purpose of food irradiation Prevention of foodborne illness Preservation - to destroy or inactivate organisms that cause spoilage Delay of sprounting and ripening of fruits and vegetables to increase longevity Sterilization- for hosptial patients Ref.:U.Gryczka et al., Application of electron beam accelerators for food irradiation, p.50-58, in the industrial and Environmental application of electron beams, ISBN:

33 Electron beam facilities approved for food irradiation in the EU Facility BGS Beta-Gamma-Service GmbH & Co, KG BGS Beta-Gamma-Service GmbH & Co, KG Ionmed Esterilización SA Ionison SA Ionison SA INCT Location Bruchsal, Germany Wiehl, Germany Tarancón, Spain Chaumesnil, France Dagneux, France Warsaw, Poland

34 INCT food irradiation facility

35 Operational hall of the INCT food irradiation facility

36 Accelerator Pilot 10 MeV, 1 kw Accelerator Elektronika 10MeV, 10kW

37 Dose used in food irradiation process

38 Thank you for your kind attention. Thank you for your kind attention. Thank you for your kind attention!