Solar Energy - Securing Energy for Tomorrow Today. Dr. Vinay Hasabnis

Transcription

1 Solar Energy - Securing Energy for Tomorrow Today Dr. Vinay Hasabnis

2 THE CONCEPT What is Energy Security - Concept The need & urgency for action Role of Renewable Energy Resources Solar Energy - Specific to Photo-Voltaics Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis through Case Studies Challenges Conclusion - Open

3 Every 15 minutes, the amount of Energy from the Sun, that strikes the EARTH, is sufficient enough to supply the Energy requirement of the whole World for One year! Perhaps most alarmingly, Peak oil expert Mike Ruppert has claimed that for every calorie of food produced in the industrial world, Ten calories of oil and gas energy are invested in the forms of fertilizer, pesticide, packaging, transportation, and running farm equipment.

4 5 S ENERGY SECURITY supply (having resources, such as fossil fuels and renewable energy) sufficiency (adequate quantity of fuel and services from these sources) surety (having access to them) survivability (resilient and durable sources of energy) sustainability (reducing waste and limiting damage to the environment) 4 A availability accessibility affordability acceptability

5 ENERGY SECURITY THREATS? Energy Dependence Transportation to Communication National Security to Health Services Crude Oil forms the largest form of Source of Energy World s Large dependence on Supply of Oil from few counties Disruption in supply of Oil - Direct Economic & Political Impact 1973 Oil Crises initiated the worlds attention on Energy Security

6 GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS? Global Oil Supply : 40 Billion Barrels per Year Oil Producing Counties : 10 Counties commend 75 % production Oil Trading Turn-Over : 4 Trillion US $ per Year CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : = 35 Billion Metric Tonnes INDIA ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS? Oil Import : 1.6 Billion Barrels per Year Oil, Gas & Coal Import Cost : 185 Billion US $ per Year India s GDP : 1,850 Billion US $ India s Fiscal Deficit % of GDP : 4.8 % ( Cause for Inflation) CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : = 2.0 Billion Metric Tonnes

7 ENERGY RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN INDIA Source Capital cost (Crores/MW) Emissions (T CO2 eq / Mwh) Reserves Longevity Coal ,5820 MT 70 years Oil ,200 MT ~ 10 years Gas TCM ~ 20 years Hydro 6-20 (Site and size dependant) GW NA Nuclear ,000 Tonnes of Uranium ~ 200 Tonnes of Pu 40 years with Uranium Source : BP Statistical Review Report, NHPC,NTPC

8 ELECTRICAL ENERGY STATUS IN INDIA Current Capacity Energy Generation : 173,855 MW (utility) : 600 Billion KWHrs 5th largest in the world Low per capita electricity consumption India 717 kwh US 14,000 kwh China 2500 kwh World 2800 kwh Peak shortage ~ 15% 800,000 MW in ~ 25,000 MW per year Environmental concerns India 3rd largest emitter of CO2 behind China and US 38% of emissions from power sector Energy security concerns 67% power from coal-based thermal plants - need to depend on imports Prototype breeder reactors to exploit thorium reserves

9 PROJECTED FUEL MIX BY 2020 Required capacity in 2020 assuming 8% growth = 387,280 MW in BAU scenario

10 HOW TO GROW AND BE SUSTAINABLE? How do we grow to ~ 2,000 billion kwh by 2020 How do we get 3,00 billion kwh of low-carbon power? What fuel options & technologies? Wind Nuclear Solar Hydro Bio-fuels Hydrogen & fuel cells Investments, research, policies?

11 THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTION Photo - Thermal Use of Thermal Component of Solar Spectrum Heating Applications Photo - Voltaics Use of Visible Light Component of Solar Spectrum Electricity Generation

12 WHY SOLAR PV? Highly Matured & Proven Technology ( 30 Years!) India has abundant Solar Insolation - One of the best in the world! It is highly Consistent & Reliable - about 300 Clear days per year SPV Plants are stationery - No moving parts Scalable from KWp to MWp - Capacities can be added Non-Polluting & Localized

13 SOLAR ENERGY - POTENTIAL Land Available Roof-top & Barren Land Area Available Solar Usable Area Available Approx. Solar Insolation receivable area Solar Insolation Receivable per Year Approx. Electricity Generation 10 % potential tapped India s Entire Energy Consumption : 305 Million Hectors : 30 Million Hectors : 15 Million Hectors : 100 Billion Sq. Meters : 150 Trillion KWhrs : 22.5 Trillion KWHrs : 2.25 Trillion KWHrs : 600 Billion KWhrs

14 THE SOLAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC MODULE

15 INVERTER

16 CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS On-Grid : It is the on-line generation of DC electricity from Solar PV Modules, which is converted into AC by means of a smart Grid-tie Inverter. This power is evacuated into power Grid by way of synchronization. Thus one does not need the Solar Energy Generated to be stored into battery.

17 ON GRID ROOF-TOP SOLAR SYSTEM IN MUMBAI

18 CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS Off-Grid : The DC Energy generated from Solar PV Modules, is stored into a battery bank. This stored energy power, whenever needed is converted into AC power to power the load. This technique is very much useful in remote areas where Grid is not available.

19 OFF-GRID SOLAR SYSTEM AT HILL-TOP

20 GETTING REDDY TO SECURE ENERGY CASE STUDIES

21 1. MOBILE TOWERS No. of Towers Average Energy Consumption per Tower/Day Total Energy Consumption per Year (All Towers) Average Diesel Consumption per Tower per Year : 7,00,000 Numbers : 70 KWHrs : 10 Billion KWHrs : 8,000 Liters Approx. Diesel Consumption for 4,00,000 Towers : 3.2 Billion Liters Cost of Diesel : 3.2 Billion US $

22 2. CELL PHONES No. of Cell-phones Average Energy Consumption per Charging/Day Total Energy Consumption per Year : 800 Million : 4 Million KWHrs : 1.5 Billion KWHrs Cost of Solar Mobile 5 WHr : INR 500 Cost of Energy Saved per Year : 200 Million US $

23 3. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

24 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION - FACTS No. of Un-Electrified Villages in India : 50,000 Average Cost of Laying Grid Line per Village per of 25 KM from Grid Actual Cost of Energy delivered : / KWHr : / KWHrs Cost of Energy of Stand alone Solar small Local Grid: / KWHrs Benefits like No Transmission & Theft losses, No Power Outage

25 4. RAILWAY STATION ROOF-TOPS No. of Railway Stations in India : 8,000 Total Roof-top area available Approx. Estimate of Energy Generation Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of the 15,000 Ltrs/ Year : 100 Million Sq. Mtr. : 20 Billion KWHrs : 100 Million Ltrs Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 100 Million US $ Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

26 5. BANKS No. of Bank Branches in India : 2,00,000 Energy requirement per branch (UPS) Approx. Estimate of Energy saving per Year Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of the 3,000 Ltrs/ Year (1,50,000 Br) : 20 KWHr/Day : 1.5 Billion KWHrs : 450 Million Ltrs Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 450 Million US $ Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

27 6. SOLAR WATER PUMPING - AGRICULTURE Irrigated Farm Land in India Approx. Estimate of Energy for Water Pumping : 50 Million Hectors : 100 Billion KWHrs Saving of Diesel on account of pumping of water : 10 Billion Liters where no grid power is available (30%) Approx. Forex Savings : 10 Billion US $ Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage

28 7. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE No. of Telephone Exchanges in India No. of Land Line Wired Telephones in India : 27,000 Numbers : 30 Million Average Energy Consumption per Day (All Ex) : 3 Million KWHrs Total Energy Consumption per Year : 1 Billion KWHrs Approx. Diesel Consumption for exchanges per Year on account of Grid Power Outage : 250 Million Liters Cost of Diesel : 250 Million US $

29 8. SOLAR WATER HEATING (INDIA SPECIFIC) Water Heating for General Residential use Average Energy consumed to heat water par day : 100 Million KWHrs Average Energy Consumption per Year : 30 Billion KWHrs Oil Equivalent Cost saving : 10 Billion US $

30 9. SOLAR COOKING (INDIA SPECIFIC) Cooking for General Residential use Consumption of Kerosene per Year for Cooking Consumption of LPG for Cooking : 8 Million Tonnes : 14 Million Tonnes Cost of Kerosene & LPG per Year : 25 Billion US $ Amount of Subsidy offered by Govt. of India : 12 Billion US $ Energy Generation Equivalent to Subsidy Investment : 18 Billion KWHrs

31 CHALLENGES - SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY Cost Reduction - Anticipated Grid Parity by Technology - Improvisation Net Metering - Smart Grid Optimization on Power Consumption Spread of Awareness & Education

32 ENERGY OF FUTURE

33 THANK YOU! Your Reactions, Comments & Suggestions are most welcomed Mail ID : vinay.hasabnis@hotmail.com Cell-phone :