LIFE ENVIRONMENT STRYMON

Transcription

1 LIFE ENVIRONMENT STRYMON Ecosystem Based Water Resources Management to Minimize Environmental Impacts from Agriculture Using State of the Art Modeling Tools in Strymonas Basin LIFE03 ENV/GR/ Task 2. Monitor Crop Pattern, Water Quality and Hydrological Regime Action 2.3: Water Quality and Hydrological Regime monitoring network Establishment of a water Quality and Hydrological regime Monitoring Network in Strymonas Basin Date of submission of the report: 30/11/2004

2 The present work is part of the 4-years project: Ecosystem Based Water Resources Management to Minimize Environmental Impacts from Agriculture Using State of the Art Modeling Tools in Strymonas Basin (contract number LIFE03 ENV/GR/000217). The project is co-funded by the European Union, the Hellinic Ministry of Agriculture, the Goulandris Natural History Museum - Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre (EKBY), the Prefecture of Serres Directorate of Land Reclamation of Serres (DEB-S), the Development Agency of Serres S.A. (ANESER S.A.) and the Local Association for the Protection of Lake Kerkini (SPALK). This document may be cited as follows: Chalkidis, I., D. Papadimos, Ch. Mertzianis Water Quality and Hydrological Regime monitoring network. Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre (EKBY). Thermi, Greece. 21 p.

3 PROJECT TEAM Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre (EKBY) Papadimos Dimitris (Project Manager) Chalkidis Iraklis (Agricultural Engineer) Anastasiadis Manolis (Agricultural Engineer) Apostolakis Antonis (Geographic Information System Expert) Hatziiordanou Lena (Geographic Information System Expert) Prefecture of Serres Directorate of Land Reclamation of Serres (DEB-S) Bartzoudis Georgios (Scientific Coordinator) Metrzianis Christos (Agronomist) Loukanis Vaios (Technician) Pantelidis Pantelis (Workman) Development Agency of Serres S.A. (ANESER S.A.) Akritidis Alexandros (Fieldworker) Ouzounoudis Pashalis (Fieldworker) Local Association for the Protection of Lake Kerkini (SPALK) Naziridis Theodoros (Steering Committee) i

4 Establishment of a water Quality and Hydrological regime Monitoring Network in Strymonas Basin CHAPTERS 1. Water quality monitoring network in Strymonas Basin 1 2. Hydrological regime monitoring network Surface water level monitoring network Groundwater monitoring network Meteorological station network 18 References ii

5 1. Water quality monitoring network in Strymonas Basin The main objective of water quality monitoring network is to provide for adequate information for the assessment of the pressure that imported pollution and intensive agriculture put on its surface water. The network includes 16 sampling stations where eleven parameters are monitored every 15 days. Temperature (T), ph, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (ECw) and REDOX are measured using a portable multi-parameter device while NO 3, NH + 4, PO 3-4, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K +, Na + are measured through the analysis of water samples in the laboratory. Also BOD 5 is measured at certain sample stations (No 1, 3, 13 and 16) For the spatial distribution of the 16 stations the functioning and the management of surface water network in the catchment was taken into account. Hence the stations were established at the inlets and outlets of either the natural water bodies (e.g. Strymon River, Lake Kerkini, Ag. Ioannis River etc) or the main irrigation and drainage networks in the catchment. Also care was taken in order the position of the stations to be identical to that ones where water level auto-recorders have been established (see next paragraph) The 1 st sampling station (No 1) has been established in Strymonas River, just upstream the flow control structure Ypsilon 1 (Y1) (map1.1), aiming at the monitoring of water that comes from Bulgaria. The distance from the borders is about 10 Km, and there is no any human activity in the area that could effect the quality and quantity of the water that inflows from the neighbor country. Also, since this position is too close (less than 500m) to the flow control structure Ypsilon 1 (Y1) (see maps 1.1 and 1.2) it can give the quality of the water that diverts into the irrigation networks Iraklia and Sidirokastro (see map 2). A sampling station (No 9) has been established downstream of Agios Ioannis springs (map 1.1), aiming at monitoring the quality of water that inflows into the irrigation network of Ag. Ioannis (map 1.2). The sampling station No 13, has been established at Aggitis River, aiming at monitoring of the quality of water that comes from its catchment. Also this station gives information with regard the quality of the water that fed a part of Dimitra s irrigation network (map 1.2). 1

6 A number of sampling stations were established inside Lake Kerkini due to its importance for both its ecosystem and its role as a provider of water for irrigation. Hence the sampling station No 2 has been established at its upper end, sampling station No 3 in the middle of the lake and sampling stations No 4 and No 5 close to the flow control structures Ypsilon 2 (Y2) and Ypsilon 3 (Y3). The later fed with water Strymonas River downstream the dam of the lake and the irrigation networks of Provatas (No 4), Nigritas and Dimitritsi networks (No 5) (see map 1.2). A water body of major importance in the catchment is the drainage ditch of Belitsa (map 1.1 and 1.2). It receives almost all of the drain water that comes from the agricultural area at the west side of Strymonas River, and following fed with water the irrigation networks of the Land Reclamation Agency and Neos Skopos (map 1.2). Four sampling stations have been established in Belitsa ditch No 6, No 7, No 8 and No 10 (map 1.1 and 1.2). The sampling station No 6, is aiming at monitoring the quality of water that drains from the upper part of Sidirokastro network and a very small part of Iraklias irrigation network (see map 1.3). Also station No 6 gives information for the quality of water at the upper end of Belitsa ditch. The sampling station No 7, is aiming at monitoring the quality of water that drains from the agricultural area of Iraklias irrigation network (see map 1.2 and 1.3) and outflows into Belitsa ditch. The sampling station No 8, has been established in the Belitsa ditch just downstream the outlet of the drain water that comes from the upper part of Provatas irrigation network. It is important to be mentioned here that the drain water of this area gives the main discharge of Belitsa ditch, due to the high quantities of irrigation water for the rise crops. The sampling station No 10, has been established in Belitsa ditch just before Ag. Ioannis and Belitsa brunch connection. Sampling station No 11 has been established in Ag. Ioannis springs and aims at monitoring the quality of water before the brunch connection of Ag. Ioannis and Belitsa. Sampling station No 12 is located in Strymonas River before its junction with the Belitsa ditch. It aims at monitoring the water quality of Strymonas River after it has been influenced by the drainage water of Dimitritsi, north part of Nigritas and the south part of Provatas irrigation networks (see map 1.2 and 1.3). 2

7 Sampling station No 15 is located in Strymonas River, just before Agitis River outflows in it. It aims at monitoring the water quality of Strymonas River after it has been influenced by the drainage water (see map 1.2 and 1.3) of the following areas: The south part of Nigritas irrigation network The west part of Dimitras network and The right and left Strymonas banks irrigation networks commanded by the General Land Reclamation Agency. The sampling station No 14 is located in Agitis River just before it outflows into Strymonas River and after it has been influenced by the drainage water of the east part of Dimitras irrigation network. Finally a sampling station, No 16, has been established at the outlet of Strymonas River (2 km before Strymonikos Gulf). It is near by the position where the innovated construction of discharge recorder is going to be established. 3

8 Map 1.1.Water quality sampling stations in Strymonas Basin. 4

9 Map 1.2. Water quality sampling stations & irrigation networks in Strymonas Basin. 5

10 Map 1.3. Drain flow rooting in Strymonas Basin. 6

11 2. Hydrological regime monitoring network 2.1. Surface water level monitoring network The surface water level monitoring network includes 12 water level auto-recorders and its main objective is to provide for an adequate number of water depth time series for the calibration and validation of the hydraulic model of the catchment. Additionally, the monitoring network will include discharge measurements at the same positions where the water level auto-recorders have been established in order water level discharge diagrams to be produced. The type of the devise that has been selected constitutes an advanced data logging probe. It is completely self-contained and features an internal data logger with a pressure/level and a temperature sensor. It is used by water professionals around the world to collect real-time information for analysis of both short- and long-term water level trends. Features: Diameter only 18.3mm Onboard data logger - up to 1MB User-replaceable AA batteries - no need to return to the factory! High quality vented Quick-Connect cable (FEP or Polyurethane) - Fully detachable! Ultimate 4-way level compensation including auto barometric compensation Direct-Read cables Networking and telemetry capable Accuracy certified to NIST-traceable standards System Components: The main body of the devise includes the following components: 1. Sensor/Analog Electronics (Front) 2. Digital Electronics (Middle) 3. Power Management/Battery Compartment/Connector (Back) 7

12 Electronics Internal data logging High accuracy real-time-clock ±2 min/year over the operating temperature range. Field Upgradeable Product Upgrades Networking and Smart Data Retrieval File System allowing Multiple Test Storage An internal data logger (1MB of memory) is used to real-time profiling and long-term monitoring with user-selectable sampling rates from 0.5 second to 7 day and up to 220,000 data points memory storage (level & temperature). For Strymonas River Basin monitoring network devises have been set up to record the water level measurements every 5 minutes. For the distribution of the 12 instruments (there were 13 auto-recorders but one of them is out of order after its vandalism) the functioning of the surface water network in the catchment was taken into account. Hence the instruments were established at the inlets and outlets of either the natural water bodies (e.g. Strymon River, Lake Kerkini, Ag. Ioannis River etc) or the irrigation and drainage networks in the catchment. The 1 st water level recorder has been established in Strymonas River just upstream the flow control structure Ypsilon 1 (Y1) (map 2.1) aiming at the monitoring of Strymonas inflows into the catchment. A schematic cross section of Strymonas River at that position is shown at figure 2.1 [9]. 8

13 Ground level Water level recorder No Figure 2.1: Cross sections of Strymonas River at flow control structure Ypsilon 1 (Y1) The flow control structure Ypsilon 1 (Y1) diverts water from Strymonas River to the main canal called 2K, and to the Trimeristis canal which in turn diverts water to the canals of Ditiki dioriga, Kentriki dioriga and Anatoliki dioriga (map 2.2). The canals of Kentriki dioriga and Anatoliki dioriga supplies with water the 1 st irrigation network of Serres plain (6.230 ha) and the canal Ditiki dioriga irrigates the region of Hrisohorafa (4.930 ha) (map 2.2). Three water level recorders have been established in the upper end of each one of the above canals aiming at monitoring the discharges that are supplied to the above irrigated regions. The cross sections of these three irrigation canals where the instruments have been established are shown in figures Figure 2.2: Cross sections of irrigation canal Ditiki dioriga 9

14 Figure 2.3: Cross sections of irrigation canal Kentriki dioriga Figure 2.4: Cross sections of irrigation canal Anatoliki dioriga The canal of 2K has a discharge capacity of 7 m 3 /s and supplies the irrigation networks of Sidirocastro region (7.360 ha) (map 2.2). A water level auto-recorder (No 5) has been established about 3 km downstream its upper end and before water distribution occurs to secondary canals. The cross section of 2K where the instrument has been established is given in figure

15 Figure 2.5: Cross sections of irrigation canal 2K The sixth water level recorder has been established just downstream the flow control structure Ypsilon 2 (Y2) under the bridge of Enotiki Dioriga (map 2.1). Enotiki Dioriga (map 2.2) supplies with water the 2 nd irrigation network of Serres that covers an area of ha. At figures 2.6, the cross sections of irrigation canal Enotiki dioriga is shown. Figure 2.6: Cross sections at bridge of irrigation canal Enotiki dioriga The seventh water level auto-recorder has been established downstream the Ypsilon 3 (Y3) flow control structure through which water diverts to the 5K canal. The canal 5K supplies with water the 4 th irrigation network of Serres and the Dimitritsi irrigation network, covering an area of ha and ha respectively (map 2.2). At figures 2.7, the cross sections of irrigation canal 5K is shown. 11

16 Figure 2.7: Cross sections of irrigation canal 5K The 8 th, 9 th and 10 th water level auto-recorders are located in Belitsa drainage ditch. The No 8 instrument has been established in Belitsa ditch just before the outlet of Annageniseos ditch (map 2.1), aiming at monitoring the water flow at its upper end. The instrument No 9 has been established under the bridge near the villages Ano Mitrousi and Kato Mitrousi (map 2.1). The water flow at this point comes from drainage water from the up stream cultivated areas during the summer while during the rest period, comes mainly from the upstream torrents. The 10 th water level auto-recorder is located under the bridge of village Skoutari. At this position the flow regime in Belitsa ditch can be calculated taking into account the measurements of the 9 th and 10 th water level auto-recorders. The cross section of Belitsa ditch, where the above instruments have been established are shown at figures Old bridge at Tyroloi Water level recorder No Figure 2.8: Cross sections at Belitsa Ditch where the 8 th water level recorder has been established 12

17 Bridge at Mitrousi Water level recorder No Figure 2.9: Cross sections at Belitsa Ditch where the 9 th water level recorder has been established Water level recorder No10 Bridge at Skoutari Figure 2.10: Cross sections at Belitsa Ditch where the 10 th water level recorder has been established The 11 th water level auto-recorder has been established at Agitis River near the Agistas Railway Station (map 2.1). At this point the net inflow of Agitis into the catchment can be estimated. The cross section of the river where the instrument has been established is shown in figure Agiti s Bridge Water level recorder No Figure 2.11: Cross sections of Agitis River at Agistas Railway Station. The last water level auto-recorder (12 th ) has been established 2km upstream of Strymonas outlet into Strymonikos Gulf aiming at monitoring the total runoff of Strymonas catchment into the sea. This water level auto-recorder will be operating 13

18 until the completion of the prototype discharge station. The cross section of Strymonas River at this position is shown at figures Water level recorder No12 Ground Level Figure 2.12: Cross sections at Strymonas River where the 12 th water level recorder has been established 14

19 Map 2.1. Surface water monitoring network in Strymonas Basin. 15

20 Map 2.2. Surface water monitoring network & irrigation networks in Strymonas Basin. 16

21 2.2. Groundwater monitoring network The main objective of the groundwater monitoring network is to provide for adequate information regarding the fluctuation of the water table and piezometric head in Strymonas River Basin. For this purpose a number of 24 wells (figure 2.13) uniformly distributed in the basin, have been selected taking into account the following: 1. The geology in the basin. In the case of Strymonas Basin a number of geological lenses exist, consisting of gravels, alluvium materials and sediments stretched and interconnected. For that reason for the hydrological investigation of the basin, geological lenses are assumed to constitute a uniform aquifer [1-8], [11-13]. 2. The condition of the wells. Care was taken in order the monitoring wells to be in use, as well as their geological section and characteristics to be known. 3. The access to the wells, to be free for the monitoring teem at any time of the year Figure Spatial distribution of monitoring wells in Strymonas Basin 17

22 2.3. Meteorological station network The purpose of the meteorological station network is to provide data related to precipitation and all the required parameters for the estimation of evapotranspiration in Strymonas Basin. Ten precipitation stations and a meteorological one are included in the above network providing daily measurements (Table 3.1). Table 3.1. Precipitation stations located in Strymonas River basin Location Latitude Longitude. Altitude 1 Serres 41 05' 23 32' 34 2 Kato Orini 41 12' 23 36' Ano Vrontou 41 18' 23 41' Nea Zihni 41 02' 23 50' Alistrati 41 04' 23 58' Aidonohori 40 50' 23 44' Nigrita 40 55' 23 30' Lithotopos 41 08' 23 13' 50 9 Ano Poroia 41 18' 23 02' Sidirokastro 41 14' 23 24' Ahladohori 41 20' 23 33' 500 For the spatial distribution of the precipitation in the basin the method of Thiessen [10] was selected, dividing the area in eleven polygons of uniform rainfall for each one of them (map 2.3). 18

23 Map 2.3. Meteorological stations in Strymonas River Basin. 19

24 References 1. Chatzigiannakis, St Kerkini s area soil study. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture. Land Reclamation Institute. Sindos Thessaloniki. 57 p. (in Greek) 2. Chatzigiannakis, St Description of the coastal zone of Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs. Koutrakis, E., Lazaridou, E. (Editors). Fisheries Research Institute NAGREF, Greek Biotope/ Wetland Centre (LIFE 96 ENV). Nea Peramos, Kavala p. (in Greek) 3. Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works Pre- study of Serres plain area Soil study. Volume 1. Hydraulic Works Office Study Department. Athens. 90 p. (in Greek) 4. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture Soil study of 2 nd irrigation network of Serres plain area.volume 1. Land Reclamation Office. Thessaloniki. 96 p. (in Greek) 5. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture Soil study Megalohori - Hrisohorafa, Serres plain area. Volume 1. Land Reclamation Office. Serres. 27 p. (in Greek) 6. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture Soil study of 5 th irrigation network of Serres plain area. Land Reclamation Office. Athens. 66 p. (in Greek) 7. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture Soil study of centre part of 5 th irrigation network of Serres plain area. Land Reclamation Office. Athens. 44 p. (in Greek) 8. Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture Soil study Mirkinos, Paleokomi and Kainartza, 5 th irrigation network of Serres plain area. Land Reclamation Office. Athens. 63 p. (in Greek) 9. Mertzianis, Ch Study Case of Flood Waves at Strymonas River. M.Sc. thesis. School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. 133 p. (in Greek) 20

25 10. Papamichail, D.M Technical Surface Hydrology. S.& M. Giahoudis S. Giapoulis. Thessaloniki 394 p. (in Greek) 11. Psilovikos, A., A. Almpanakis and E. Papafilipou-Penou Research of Lake Kerrkini s and Stryonas River bands illuviation problem and deal with proposals. Research committee of Aristotle University Thessaloniki. 205 p. (in Greek) 12. Psilovikos, A Study - Research of environmental impacts from protected areas constructions at upstream and downstream of Strymonas River at Lake Kerkini at torrents and at the plain area of Serres. 2 nd Volume. Research committee of Aristotle University Thessaloniki. (in Greek) 13. Vouvalidis, K Morphological, sedimentologic, oceanographic fermentations and anthropogenetic interventions witch contribute in development of estuary system of Strymonas River. Doctoral thesis. School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. 198 p. (in Greek) 21