JSPS Multilateral Cooperative Research Programme Coastal Marine Science Melaka, May 2008

Transcription

1 JSPS Multilateral Cooperative Research Programme Coastal Marine Science Melaka, May 2008 Spatial Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Different Soft Tissues of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) from Tebrau Straits, Peninsular Malaysia Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Ph.D Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed, Ph.D and Azadeh Shahbazi Environmental Forensics Laboratory Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia

2 Biomonitoring of Pollutants using Mussels Mussel Watch Monitoring methodology of coastal pollution using bivalves as sentinel organism Buoy Coastal Water Wharf Wall Organic micropollutants e.g. Hydrocarbons PCBs Pesticides Heavy Metals Uptake Accumulation MUSSEL (e.g.mytilus edulis)

3 History of International Mussel Watch 1970s 1980s - Mussel Watch concept was proposed by Professor Edward Goldberg of Scrip s Institution of Oceanograp hy. national and regional mussel watch programs in Europ ean and North American countries First meeting on The International M ussel Watch Project (Hawaii) Initial Phase program in South and Central America. under the ausp ices of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanograp hic Commission, and the UNEP Ocean and Coastal Areas Program Efforts Second Phase program: Asian Mussel Watch sup p orted by M inistry Education of Jap an, Grant-in Aid for International Scientific Research Program

4 Advantages of Using Mussels as Sentinel Organisms Cosmopolitan and widely distributed throughout the world. Sedentary and better representative of the study area than mobile species. Mussels accumulate contaminants by factors of compared to seawater in their habitat. High tolerance to pollution. low or undetectable activity of enzyme systems that metabolize many xenobiotics. Stable local populations. Reasonable size for analysis. Commercially valuable seafood species on a worldwide basis.

5

6

7 Sampling Locations JOHOR BHARU Kg. Pasir Puteh Singapore No Location Sampling date Shell length (mm) (min-ma x) Latitude ( 0 N) Longitude ( 0 E) Site description Kg.Pasir Puteh ± Industries, shipping, and urban runoff Kg.Pasir Puteh ± Industries, shipping, and urban run off

8 Mussel Tissue (wet) Homogenize Polytron Extraction DCM with sodium sulfate anhydrous Silica gel column chromatography 5%H2O deactivated 25% DCM in Hexane Hydrocarbons Alkylphenols Fully activated silica gel column chromatography 6 ml Hexane Alkanes Hopanes 40% DCM in Hexane Wax es ters (Sigm a, SIL-A-200, 0.46 cm i.d. x 18cm ) 44 ml 65% DCM in Hexane Alkylbenzenes (LABs & TABs) & PCBs, DDE 80%DCM in Hexane Phthalates Alkylphenolm onoethoxylates 25% DCM in Hexane 8 ml PAHs DDT, DDD 100% DCM 30%Acetone in DCM Phthalates Bisphenol A 17 -Estradiol Estrone TMS derivatizarion Activated carbon column Coplanar PCBs Analytical Procedure of Organic Pollutants and Molecular Markers in Mussel Samples

9

10 PAHs fingerprinting in different tissues of green mussels (P.viridis) Kg.Pasir Puteh 1(Heavy Shipping Traffic) Tissues LMW/HMW MP/P Fluo/Py Phen/Anth Mantle Gill Foot Gonad Muscle Remainder Byssus Shell <1 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <0.5 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <1 >1 Budzinski(1997) <10 >25 Scolo(1986)

11 Total PAHs in different Soft tissues and hard tissues of P.viridis

12 PAHs fingerprinting in different tissues of green mussels (P.viridis) Kg.Pasir puteh (near restaurant) Tissues LMW/HMW MP/P Fluo/Py Phen/Anth Mantle Gill Foot Gonad Muscle Remainder Byssus Shell <1 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <0.5 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <1 >1 Budzinski(1997) <10 >25 Scolo(1986)

13 Relative distribution of LMW PAHs

14 Diagnostic Ratio using Perylene/penta-aromatic isomers The concentrations of perylene relative to the penta-aromatic isomers were calculated for the tissues of mussels collected from coastal waters of Pasir Puteh which characterized by a low abundance of perylene relative to the penta-aromatics. Therefore it can be concluded that low abundance of perylene indicating a probable pyrogenic origin in different tissues

15 Conclusions PAHs concentrations in the different soft tissues of p. viridis were accumulated mainly in the lipids Gonad and gills of p. viridis as biomonitors of bioavailability and contamination of PAHs in semienclosed waters and bays The ratios of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene and perylene to penta-aromatic ratios indicate that Tebrau Straits suffer widespread input of petrogenic PAHs along Tebrau Straits.

16 Acknowledgments Funding for this study has been partially provided by MOSTI through Science Fund Project # SF0681. Several graduate students are kindly acknowledged for their kind assistance.