the Degradation of TCE by Zero Valent Iron

Transcription

1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Long-Term Effects of Dissolved Carbonate Species on the Degradation of TCE by Zero Valent Iron Parbs, A., Ebert, M.* & Dahmke, A. Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Strasse, Kiel, Germany *) Phone: +--, Fax: +-- Number of pages: Number of figures: Number of tables:

2 Table SI : Mean flow rates, residence times, compositions of feed solutions, and loads of TIC in column experiments C C (concentration is given in mm, in brackets: target concentration, mean concentration and standard deviation calculated from sampling events). flow rate [ml min - ] residence time [h] C C C C C C ±.. ±.. ±.. ±.. ±.. ±. Ca (.). ±. -- (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. Na (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. TIC (.). ±. -- (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. Cl (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. (.). ±. TIC load [mmol d - ] TIC mass flux [mol m - d - ].±. --. ±.. ±..±.. ±.. ±. --. ±.. ±.. ±.. ±. Analytical. was measured using a glass combination electrode and alkalinity was determined by titration with HCl to. immediately after the samples were taken. The analyses of chlorinated ethenes (TCE, cis-dce, trans-dce,,-dce, VC) and hydrocarbons (methane, ethene, ethane, ethyne, propene, propane, butane, butane, pentane, hexane) were performed using a Hewlett- Packard gas chromatograph equipped with a headspace autosampler and a combination of flame ionisation detector and electron collision detector (FID/ECD). Total dissolved concentrations of Ca, Fe and Na were determined by ICP-AES analysis (VARIAN VISTA AX), and chloride concentration by ion chromatography (Dionex DX ). TIC concentration was obtained from the analytical results by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using PHREEQC (V..) (). The TIC concentration was measured in selected samples using a TIC/TOC analyzer and the results generally show a good agreement between measured and calculated TIC concentrations (+- mg/l or better than %). Solid phase concentration of inorganic carbon was determined using a carbon coulometer.

3 R [mmol kg Fe - d - ] Operation Time [days] C C C C C C Figure SI : Development of iron corrosion rate (R) in experiments C to C, estimated by eq..

4 column C PV () PV () PV () PV () column C column C PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () column C column C PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () Figure SI : Development of in column experiments C to C. Profiles are shown for selected exchanged pore volumes (in brackets: experiment runt time in days)

5 column C column C PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV (). column C. column C.. PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () Figure SI : Development of dissolved Ca concentration in column experiments C to C. Profiles are shown for selected exchanged pore volumes (in brackets: experiment runt time in days)

6 column C column C PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () column C column C PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () PV () Figure SI : Development of dissolved TIC concentration in column experiments C to C. Profiles are shown for selected exchanged pore volumes (in brackets: experiment runt time in days)

7 column C column C column C column C Figure SI : Solid phase inorganic carbon at the end of the experiments (dashed line based on mass balances calculated from water composition and flow rate; bars indicate solid-phase characterisation). m.b.w.f s.p.c. column C column C column C column C Figure SI : Comparison between solid phase inorganic carbon determined by solid-phase characterization (s.p.c.) and based on mass balances calculated from water composition and flow rate (m.b.w.f.). Excluding the two outliners at small s.p.c. values, in the mean the m.b.w.f. values are % higher with respect to the s.p.c. values.