Vietnam s Perspective Presenter : MSc. Vuong Xuan Hoa

Transcription

1 Vietnam s Perspective Presenter : MSc. Vuong Xuan Hoa

2 Content Section I II III IV V Details NAMAs in Vietnam 1. A specific NAMA in Vietnam 2. NAMA intervention-need assessment 3. Lesson learned and success factors INDC of Vietnam NAMA supporting INDC Where can you find more about our NAMA?

3 NAMA potential in policies/plans/progra mmes Orientation on mitigation in strategies Mitigation targets in Decision 1775/QĐ- TTg dated 21/11/2012) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHG) for Viet Nam National Communications to UNFCCC I. NAMAs in Vietnam Policies, institutions for NAMA/MRV is in the process of completion. Some Activities for NAMA preparation is underway. Some NAMA proposals have been developed but not yet accessible to international assistance Developing and identifing mitigation options (E.g. CDMs) Decision No. 187/QĐ-BTNMT dated 21/02/2013 The working team (DMHCC) for integrating NAMA was established by MONRE Currently, DMHCC is a representative for national focal point for NAMA registry to the UNFCCC Secretariat Completing the technical guideline for developing NAMA in Viet Nam (IMHEN&UNDP) Develop NAMA framework in Viet Nam Decree 21/2013 / ND- CP dated 03/04/2013 MONRE is responsible for: Developing and deploying systems for domestic and international MRV

4 NAMAs ongoing in Vietnam No. NAMA Projects/Proposals Organizations Involved/Donors Time frame 1 NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste-to-resource for cities in Viet Nam IMHEN; UNESCAP Pilot programme for supporting up scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector Nordic Partnership Initiative 3 Vietnam Japan Capacity building Cooperation and Joint Study Project for NAMA in waste sector in a MRV manner (Phase 1 & 2) Oversea Environmental Corporation Center (OECC) ; IMHEN; sponsored by MOEJ Vietnam Japan JCM Project Finding and NAMAs Capacity Building Cooperation Programme OECC 5 Support wind power development in Viet Nam IMHEN; DMHCC; UNEP Risoe Wind NAMA proposal MOIT; GIZ Support bioenergy development in Viet Nam Climate change and Sustainable Development Center; DMHCC; UNEP Risoe Production and application of hybrid and electric cars in Vietnam (Phase 1 & 2) IMHEN; Mai Linh Corporation Energy efficiency in commercial buildings DMHCC; UNEP Renewable energy Development Fund (REDF) 11 Biogas electricity production in Medium and large sized Livestock farms MOIT; GIZ 2013 Center for climate change and sustainable development; DMHCC, UNEP Risoe 12 Low-carbon bus NAMA GIZ; IMHEN NAMAs Supported by Fast Start Climate Finance: Danish Support for the Vietnam Energy Efficiency Programme (Phase 1 & 2) Danish

5 II.1. NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste to Resources for Cities in Vietnam Objective: To support Viet Nam in reducing GHG emissions from the solid waste sector through the implementation of waste management practices that are in line with the principles of 3R and the recovery of resources from waste, while at the same time contributing to sustainable development goals in Viet Nam. A baseline and emission reduction (NAMA) scenarios were modelled to assess the GHG emission reduction impacts of fully implementing the NAMA programme A complete transformation of Viet Nam s solid waste sector whereby all waste generated by 2030 is collected and treated through the methods and technologies endorsed by the NAMA GHG emissions from the solid waste sector could be reduced by 71% by 2030, i.e. by 41.4 million ton CO 2 eq in relation to the business-as-usual scenario

6 II. 1. NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste to Resources for Cities in Vietnam (cont) Economic benefits Reduction of waste disposal costs incurred by municipalities; Potential source of revenues through the sale of compost, biogas, electricity, heat, RDF, etc. GHG reduction benefits Environmental benefits Social benefits Reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers by capture and reuse of nutrients; The use of compost enriches soils with nutrients; Protection of groundwater and surface water resources. Elimination of malodorous compounds; Reduction of vermin and pathogens; Deactivation of weed seeds; Potential for creating new jobs; One ton of waste processed can directly benefit 2,000 3,000 people; Increases the awareness of the community to 3R principles. A typical IRRC facility can process up to 20 ton organic waste per day, which can potentially reduce 6,600 tonnes of methane per year compared to BAU

7 II.2. NAMA intervention-need assessment Criteria when developing/prioritizing NAMAs: development benefits; mitigation potential; cost; other barrier during NAMA implementation Steps in NAMA activity and measure identification and planning -Identify and prioritise mitigation (NAMA) opportunities Multi criteria analysis, development priorities, marginal abatement costs, local employment, etc - Barrier analysis for market penetration Legal, institutional, social, knowledge - Identify policy and measure options Legal, institutional, Finance Assess the policy and measure options, and select policies and measures to be included in a NAMA Steps in prioritization Identifying technologies / measures Assessing the technologies through Multi Criteria Analysis Making the final decision

8 II.2. NAMA Financing National public finance International climate finance Public funds Private sector investmen ts Enabeling environment: Policies, regulation, capacities, information Source: GIZ Source of Funds International Public Finance GEF, GCF, Bilaterals, Multilateral Banks, etc. Domestic Public Finance Budgetary resources, Development Financial Institutions National and International Financial institutions Banks, Large Scale Investment Funds (e.g., Pension Funds, VEPF) Equity Investors the Private sector (e.g., operator of the wind power plant) Carbon markets The order of the financial leverage from various sources Source: UNDP, UNFCCC, UNEP RisØ 2013

9 II.2. NAMA Financing (cont) (Source: World Bank group) A sustainable investment in a NAMA improves liquidity, (transformation will increase capital flows in targeted market) revenue, (transformation secures long-term profitability and enhances enabling environment) risk reduction (sustainable goals will secure public protection of investments to a certain degree) (compared to a non-sustainable investment, which is characterized by equal quantitative financial values)

10 II.2. NAMA Financing (cont) Initial investment guidelines will be composed of the following criteria: Impact potential Paradigm shift potential (transformational change) Sustainable development potential Needs of the recipient (host countries) Host country ownership Efficiency and effectiveness

11 II.3. Lesson learned and success factors Leadership and Political Commitmen t Engaging and Managing Stakeholders Mainstreami ng and Institutionali sing Finance Success Factors for Mitigation Initiatives Transparent, Verifiable Information Technical Capacity Target, Incentivise and Enforce Mitigation Actions Process and Framework Source: Nicholas Harrison, 2014

12 II.3.Lesson learned and success factors (cont) Lesson learned Financial support: securing adequate financial resources and implementing the right incentives. Ensuring financial transparency and active stakeholder engagement Building on existing policies/structures: Integrating actions with existing policies Involving the right partners at the right time, deciding on ideal size of the group: have a large impact on the success of projects, avoid problems later. Providing a long-term perspective: to reassure and convince private companies and other stakeholders about the benefits and potential return on investments, can enhance political acceptability. Involvement of subnational actors: to act and support delivery of national policies, better information for national adaptation and mitigation planning.

13 Objectives III. INDC of Vietnam Vietnam s INDC puts forward a target to reduce emissions by 8% relative to BAU in 2030, and proposes that a 25% reduction can be achieved conditional on support. While Vietnam has made no formal commitments or pledges under the Cancun Agreements, the country s INDC builds largely on existing policies and incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy generation, as well as forestry and land use policies (CCAP, 2015) The INDC describes intended sectoral actions in broad terms, based on mitigation options developed and assessed using macroeconomic models. Key challenges identified in this process included some inconsistency in baselines (Tran Mai Kien, 2015) The INDC does not specify a national system for GHG accounting and measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) (CCAP, 2015)

14 Type of contribution Scope GHGs GHG emission reduction compared to the Business-As-Usual scenario (BAU scenario) Entire economy (Energy; Agriculture; LULUCF, Waste) CO2, CH4, N2O Period 01/01/ /12/2030 Methodologies Data Metric Applied Baseline scenario Contribution Mitigation component IPCC guidelines; CDM methodologies National statistics; National socio-economic development plans and sectoral activity data GWP 100y values published in IPCC AR4 (CO2e): CO2 = 1 CH4 = 25 N2O = 298 based on the assumption of economic growth in the absence of existing CC policies. GHG emissions in 2010 & projection for 2020, 2030: 2010: million tco2e 2020: 466 million tco2e 2030: million tco2e 10%-20% with and without international support

15 Adaptation component Capacity building in prediction and warning natural disasters, climate monitoring; Actively prevent natural disaster and reduce loss and damage; Implement measures to ensure food and water resource safety, gender equality, social security, public health, enhance life and protect natural resources in the context of CC; Protect coastal deltas and avoid flooding in big cities.

16 IV. NAMA supporting INDC The roles of NAMAs in the new post-2020 global climate agreement can be summarised as follows: NAMAs can be a part of national climate change mitigation efforts and the Green Growth Strategy, a means for international technical and financial support, and a tool for implementing international commitments under the new post-2020 global climate agreement. NAMAs comply with the principles of the new post-2020 global climate agreement: it requires the participation of relevant parties, the inclusion of diversified efforts and the possibility to combine different tools, such as market mechanisms and other commitments. At present, a number of mechanisms support NAMA development and implementation, such as the NAMA Facility and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). NAMAs can be transformed or mainstreamed into a country s INDC and link to other mechanisms within the Convention on Climate Change.

17 IV. NAMA supporting INDC (cont) Timeline Prior to Post 2020 Annex I Economy-wide GHG emissions reduction targets Quantitative GHG emission reduction targets according to Kyoto Protocol (Period 1) Quantitative GHG emission reduction targets according to Kyoto Protocol (Period 2) INDCs Non Annex I Voluntarily mitigate GHG emissions NAMAs Source: Prof. Tran Thuc, IMHEN

18 IV. NAMA supporting INDC (cont) NAMAs can be actions to implement INDCs; can be an entry point for the determination of INDCs; can be considered a contribution, which means that once an INDCs becomes a commitment NAMAs will no longer be voluntary efforts; Parties who already submitted NAMAs that contain GHG emission reduction targets under the Copenhagen agreement can transform them into their INDCs. INDCs and NAMAs are closely linked, but they are not the same thing NAMAs are voluntary (a key to this approach s success) INDCs are implicitly legally binding (especially when INDCs are converted into official commitments).

19 NAMA INDC a flexible framework to diversify GHG emission reduction efforts while also contributing to national development strategies NAMAs can be considered as a part of INDCs and represent an entry point for determining INDCs using a bottom up approach. If NAMAs contain clear objectives, they can be an important tool for the implementation of a country s INDC. Therefore, a country s INDC acts as a general target while NAMAs clarify necessary action. INDCs can accelerate NAMA development and implementation.

20 V. Find more about our NAMA? Links to website, reports, articles, etc. International climate finance sources: UNEP Risø Center URC NAMA pipeline: Ecofys Ecofys NAMA database: Contact details of national focal point for this NAMA DMHCC website:

21 Thank you for your attention!