Badhrulhisham Bin Abdul Aziz 5 th April 2016

Transcription

1 GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION FORUM 2016 The Role of Higher Education In Developing Societal Resilience & Sustainability THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN MANAGING CONFLICT SITUATIONS IN SOCIETY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF UMP S CONTRIBUTION IN THE CONTROVERSIAL LYNAS RARE EARTH PROJECT Badhrulhisham Bin Abdul Aziz 5 th April 2016

2 KNOWLEDGE & UNIVERSITY IN SOCIETY Drew Faust, President Harvard Univ (2010) university's place as a paramount player in a global system increasingly driven by knowledge, information and ideas. Knowledge is replacing other resources as the main driver of economic growth and education has increasingly become the foundation for individual prosperity and social mobility

3 KNOWLEDGE & UNIVERSITY IN SOCIETY Hiroshi Matsumoto, President Kyoto University [2012] universities are unique communities within society; and therefore the university perpetually integrates with society, shaping its future.

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5 LYNAS Issues : Big Questions

6 INVESTMENT: MERITS & RISKS TECHNICAL FINANCIAL POLITICAL OPERATIONAL SOCIO ECONOMICS

7 INVESTMENT IN MALAYSIA systems and procedures in place; not as easy as several quarters claimed; All related agencies has their own respective rules and regulations; In LYNAS s case, it took ~ 6 years before approval was secured.

8 Perception (or Politics?) vsscience Science may be vital, but the people with scientific knowledge seem less connected than ever to the people with power The Guardian (2012) STEM CELL RESEARCH, BIRTH CONTROL AND GLOBAL WARMING USA Today (2007) ACID RAIN SCIENCE AND POLITICS IN JAPAN Kenneth E. Wilkening(2011) LYNAS (Gebeng) and RAPID (Pengerang) Parliament Hansard on PSC Lynas(2012)

9 INTRODUCING RARE EARTH

10 ABOUT RARE EARTH MINERALS ARE NOT REALLY RARE ; WIDELY SPREAD THROUGH OUT THE EARTH S CRUST IN SMALL CONCENTRATIONS; CANNOT BE MINED ECONOMICALLY. 10

11 Why Rare Earth? Green Economy Climate Change, Alternative and Conservative Energy Strategic Middle East has Oil, China has Rare Earth (Deng Xiao Peng 1987) Human Capital Development High Technology Experts 11

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19 MARKET DEMAND : SALES OF RE $ 9.2 BILLION $ 3 BILLION Global Demands : 180,000 metric tonnes Commodity Online, 13th Dec

20 Rare Earth Demand 20

21 Australia, 5.4m tonne, 5.48% Brazil, 0.048m tonne, 0.05% Others, 22.0m tonne, 22.32% US, 13.0m tonne, 13.19% China, 36m tonne, 36.52% CIS, 19m tonne, 19.27% Malaysia, 0.03m tonne, 0.03% India, 3.1m tonne, 3.14% The world rare earth resource distribution (USGS 2010) 21

22 Malaysia 0.28% Estonia 1.82% US 1.24% Brazil 0.47% India 1.97% China 94.23% The world rare earth supply in 2009 (USGS 2010) 22

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24 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO OPPOSITION OF THE PROJECT FUKUSHIMA TRAGEDY EXPERIENCE OF A.R.E BUKIT MERAH MISLEADING AND CONFUSION ON THE REAL ISSUE

25 COMPARISONS A.R.E. BUKIT MERAH, PERAK & L.A.M.P. [LYNAS] GEBENG, PAHANG

26 A.R.E. BUKIT MERAH CHRONOLOGY (based on Dr Meor Yusoff s presentation captured in PSC Report)

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31 14 Jan 1994 : ARE announce its closure; citing the low price of rare earth as the main reason

32 LYNAS ADVANCED MATERIALS PLANT [L.A.M.P]

33 LYNAS CORPORATION 33

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37 BASIC FACTS vsmyths Chemical plant vsnuclear power plant; LYNAS, Gebeng is not the same as Asian Rare Earth, Bukit Merah; Radioactivity of Raw Material (Mount Weld vsbukit Merah) ~ x 37

38 COMPARISON ON RAW MATERIAL AND RESIDUES ASIAN RARE EAERTH [ARE] VS LYNAS PLANT Plant ARE Lynas Mineral Monazite Carbonatites Radioactive content Uranium ppm Thorium ppm Uranium ppm Thorium ppm 5,000 80, ,600 Residue Thoria Synthetic Gypsum Radioactive content Uranium ppm Thorium ppm Uranium ppm Thorium ppm 7, , ,614

39 BASIC FACTS vsmyths Low socio economy benefits (~ 350 employees vs thousands employees) Tax incentive (12 years vs typical 10 years) Raw material and WLP (classified as low level NORM) 39

40 BASIC FACTS vsmyths Avoid building the plant in Australia and came to Malaysia (feasibility); Chased out from China & Terengganu (market control & time); WLP commercialization (6 Bq/g to 1 Bq/g UK s Health Protection Agency : road construction) 40

41 BASIC FACTS vsmyths Radioactivity of Residue (Lynasvs ARE : 60x); Radioactivity Rain from Stack (0.002 msv/yrvspermissible 1 msv/yr); Traveling of Radon and Thorongases (very short half life); 41

42 REPORT BY PARLIAMENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON LYNAS ADVANCED MATERIALS PLANT (LAMP) 12TH PARLIAMENT SESSION, 5TH TERM

43 The PSC Conclusion L.A.M.P is a chemical plant; not a nuclear power plant or a mine. Has fulfilled all the standards and regulation in Malaysia. Has put in place the necessary control system. 43

44 The PSC Conclusion Operation licenses issued for Lynasto operate in stages and at certain limit. A continuous monitoring committee will be established. All 31 recommendations should be implemented. 44

45 31 PSC Recommendations 18 HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUAL 4 STRENGTHENING ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 1 LICENSE AND PERMITTING PROCESS 5 INVESTMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMY 3 COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 45

46 GENERAL LESSONS LEARNT High level of awareness of public on HS&E; Risks are real, need to be understood and can be managed; Scientific-based facts vs. emotions / perceptions; The synergy of science and politics maturity & complementary;

47 GENERAL LESSONS LEARNT Community engagement is very important; Malaysia HS&E standards comparable to the world standard; Can be a model country where risks can be managed efficiently, reliably and with integrity.

48 UMP S ROLES ASM COMMITTEE ON RARE EARTH PARLIAMENT SELECT COMMITTEE L.A.M.P AWARENESS SESSIONS FOR IPT S STUDENTS

49 UMP S ROLES PROFESSORIAL TALK WITH COMMUNITY MEDIA ENGAGEMENT INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE

50 UMP S ROLES RARE EARTH RESEARCH CENTERS, UMP

51 RARE EARTH R&D AREAS AT UMP Rare Earth Processing Rare Earth Metallurgy and Science Rare Earth Process Plant Scale up and Design Safety and Environmental Management on Rare Earth Processes/Plants Rare Earth Application in Petrochemical, Manufacturing and Automotive Industry Responsible and Sustainable Mineral Mining and Production 51

52 BLUEPRINT OF MALAYSIAN RARE EARTH INDUSTRIES [2015] 52

53 MALAYSIAN RARE EARTH BLUEPRINT MainObjective: to provide the necessary information for the policy makers or investors to make an informed decision on establishing industries in mining, in processing or in downstream industriesusingrareearthsmetals. 53

54 What Next? All relevant parties need to work closely and put the national agenda above all interests in investment decision; Public understanding, awareness and engagement are vital in minimizing conflicts; Higher education institution can play significant roles in educating the public research and dissemination of knowledge, without fear or favour.

55 REFERENCES 1) Drew Faust (2010) The Role of the University in a Changing World Speech at the Royal Irish Academy, Trinity College, Dublin. 2) Hiroshi Matsumoto (2012) The Roles of Universities for the 21 st Century STS Forum 2012, Session 204A. 3) Abdul Aziz, B. (2013) Integrity, Science and Perception : Lessons Learnt from Lynas Issue Professorial Talk, UMP, Kuantan. 4) Abdul Aziz, B. (2014) Future Direction of Malaysian Rare Earth Industry: From Establishing R&D to Human Capital Development, Keynote Speaker, The 5th International Workshop on Industrial Technology of Rare Metals, Incheon, Korea. 5) Abdul Aziz, B. (2015) A Perspective on Rare Earth Research and Development in Malaysia, Keynote Speaker, National Conference on Malaysian Rare Earth Technology 2015, Kuantan, Pahang.

56 REFERENCES 6) Laporan Jawatankuasa Pilihan Khas Mengenai Projek Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP); Dewan Rakyat, Ke12, Penggalke5, ) Proceedings International Symposium on Rare Earth; AkademiSainsMalaysia & National Professors Council, ) ASM Report on Rare Earth Industries : Moving Malaysia s Green Economy Forward, August ) Malaysian Parliament Hansard, )LYNAS Investor Presentation; May )StarBizWeek, The STAR, 2nd March, )USA Today, 5 th August )The Guardian, 4 th May )ProEdgeWireOnline, 16 th October, 2012.