International linkages in e-waste management: Managing waste and substances from refrigeration and air conditioning appliances

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1 International linkages in e-waste management: Managing waste and substances from refrigeration and air conditioning appliances 2. European Resources Conference, IFAT 2018, 16 May 2018 Franziska Frölich, GIZ Proklima Seite 1

2 Refrigeration and climatisation appliances and their waste have a huge impact on the ozone layer and our climate Seite 2

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4 Source: GIZ Proklima Use of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and Fluorinated Gases (F-Gases) in the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors Seite 4

5 Source: GIZ Proklima What are ODS and HFC banks? Banks are defined as the total amount of substances contained in existing equipment, chemical stockpiles, foams and other products not yet released to the atomosphere (IPCC/TEAP, 2005) Management of banks today CFC (unusable) HCFC contaminated HFC contaminated Management of banks in the future CFC (unusable) HCFC (starting 2020) HFC Seite 5

6 Context and amounts increasing demand of refrigeration and air conditioning appliances (RAC) in DCs increasing volume of ODS stocks increasing volume of old appliances stocks, no environmentally sound disposal ODS are released to the atmosphere Current ODS bank estimated at 9.2 Gt CO2eq (year 2016) Annual emissions from the global ODS bank are 1.5 Gt CO2eq equal to the annual emissions from 441 coal power plants! When ODS is not properly recovered and released to the atmosphere it is too late for management measures negative effects of emitted ODS from the bank on ozone layer and the climate cannot be reversed. The window of opportunity is now! Source: GIZ 2017: Global Roadmap on ODS bank management Seite 6

7 Emissions from the global ODS bank Source: GIZ 2017: Global Roadmap on ODS bank management Seite 7

8 Source: GIZ Proklima Why is it challenging to set up an ODS banks management system? Montreal Protocol regulates only production and consumption Various barriers, including financial assistance and suitable financial mechanisms, information and awareness, political issues (e.g. informal sector), logistics and technological barriers Costs: recycling and destruction costs are higher than the revenues; generally high upfront and maintenance costs for environmentally friendly systems Burden to administration: interdisciplinary issue requiring coordination between different competent authorities and focal points Many different stakeholders are involved Seite 8

9 Source: GIZ Proklima BMU IKI ODS Banks Project Funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) within the framework of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) Project duration: November 2013 October 2020 Global project with 5 partner countries/regions (Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Iran and Tunisia) Partner institutions: ministries of environment / industry / technology and their national ozone units Objective: Partner countries achieve a significant reduction of emissions resulting from ODS banks through implementation of national strategies and regional cooperation Seite 9

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11 Source: City Waste Group, Ghana Country example Ghana International hot spot shipment of WEEE from industrialised countries, ban established since 2013 About refrigerants ready for recycling International projects on stage I, but stage II unresolved incl. replacement Various private initiatives to recycle fridges with manual recycling of stage I and II Seite 11

12 The challenge in Ghana Continued supply of refrigerators for disposal Potential refrigerator waste stream: Ca. 300,000 units/year Currently dismantled in about 15 shops: Ca. 27,000 units/year Recovery of gas from refrigeration circuit: Ca. 1,000 units/year Insulation foam is only collected so far and stored under unsafe conditions. No efforts have been made to address these foams. Recovery of gas from insulation foam: None 1 2 Many refrigerators are disposed of each year without proper management at all. Seite 12

13 Country example Colombia Front runner in the region to establish ODS banks management and suitable framework First initiatives with the private sector (voluntary agreement) to establish financial mechanism, infrastructure, administration and monitoring for fridge recycling Collection and monitoring organised by the specialised organisation RedVerde operating nationwide but with a current focus on pilot cities Advanced waste managers with manual dismanlting skills Upscaling of infrstructure in future through higher waste streams Seeking international support via climate mitigation projects (NAMA Facility) to upscale national projects and initiatives Seite 13

14 Publications, technical posters and guidelines: Seite 14

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16 Source: GIZ Proklima Management of ozone depleting substances (ODS) banks: Watch our awareness clip on adequate collection, recovery and destruction of ODS banks! Franziska Frölich, GIZ Proklima GIZ Proklima Website: 25/05/2018 Seite 16