Cool and Photocatalytic Materials

Transcription

1 Cool and Photocatalytic Materials HISTORIC BUILDINGS SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION INTELLIGENT MATERIALS Perdikis Prokopis Αbolin Co COST 540, Application of photocatalytic technologies for cultural heritages protection, NCSR

2 Historical Buildings and Cultural Heritage Monuments: Background Identification Sustainability Trends and Approaches Related Problems ( Urban Heat Island, Air Quality, Energy Use) Why and Where Cool and Photocatalytic Materials

3 I challenge you to put technology (the work of man) and deserts (the work of God) to the service of mankind and nature. Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan

4 The Biggest Problem? Urban buildings use more energy, water and materials than any other consumer They also produce more waste than any other source - The world needs a new vision of urban building and a new architecture of sustainable

5 Historic buildings are inherently sustainable: Historic buildings were traditionally designed with many sustainable features that responded to climate and site. ANCIENT THEATRE IN EPIDAUROS

6 When effectively restored and reused, these features can bring about substantial energy savings. Taking into account historic buildings' original climatic adaptations, today's sustainable technology can supplement inherent sustainable features without compromising unique historic character. GALERIUS GATE (KAMARA Thessaloniki)

7 Modern Approaches? There are Standards for four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties--preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction: preservation, rehabilitation, restoration and reconstruction. 36 CFR Part 67 US Std. LEED-EB SYSTEM

8 Preservation focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property's form as it has evolved over time. (Protection and Stabilization have now been consolidated under this treatment). Rehabilitation acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses while retaining the property's historic character. Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods. Reconstruction re-creates vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes.

9 The following issues require special attention: 1) Sustainable Sites - Heat Island Reduction 2) Water Efficiency - Water Use Reduction 3) Energy and Atmosphere Energy Use Reduction 4) Materials and Resources - Use of natural materials from the near site, use of existed damaged materials from the building, - Environmental and Sustainable criteria for new materials 5) Indoor Environmental Quality - Ventilation, Outdoor Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome - Lighting and Daylighting

10 PROBLEMS RELATED WITH URBAN HEAT ISLAND URBAN HEAT ISLAND Thermal discomfort Increase of energy and cost consumption for cooling Increase of Smog

11 COOL Barrier KNOW-HOW High solar reflectance High infrared emittance Lower solar radiation absorption Radiate faster the absorbed heat Lower surface temperature Lower thermal incomes into buildings Lower ambient air temperature

12 (x 0.67 km) ÄÔ (oc) -3.0 to to to to to to to to 3.0 Consequences in city level (x 0.67 km) Reduction of ambient air temperature 1-2 C on average Mitigation of urban heat island phenomenon

13 Consequences in Building level Cool Barrier Roof Prefecture of Athens: 43 C 25 C Reduction of Cooling Load up to 40% Mitigation of urban heat island phenomenon

14 Urban Air, Indoor Environment and Human Exposure:European Collaborative Action Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term referring to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. For more than 16 years now the European Collaborative Action ECA "Indoor Air Quality & it's Impact on Man" has been implementing a multidisciplinary collaboration of European scientists the ultimate goal of which was the provision of healthy and environmentally sustainable buildings To accomplish this task ECA has dealt with all aspects of the indoor environment including thermal comfort, pollution sources, the quality and quantity of chemical and biological indoor pollutants, energy use, and the ventilation processes, which may all interact with indoor air quality. Ordinary pollutants are referred as the follows : CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, O3, Benzene, Bacteria, Fungi, formaldehyde, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon and more

15 Temperature The problem Sunlight Fungal growth Algae growth Nutrients Humidity Humidity

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17 Temperature The problem Pollution Pollution

18 Urban pollution changes the aesthetic value of the building, decreases the durability of the materials, influences the intensity of the whole construction

19 Photocatalysis Photo-Catalysis is defined as "acceleration by the presence of as catalyst ( i.e. TiO2)". A catalyst does not change in itself or being consumed in the chemical reaction. This definition includes photosensitization, a process by which a photochemical alteration occurs in one molecular entity as a result of initial absorption of radiation by another molecular entity called the photosensitized. Photocatalytic-Active Cool

20 Know- How Abolin Active Cool-Photocatalytic Coating UV light intensities 1mW/cm 2 (outdoor) photon/sec Photon Decomposition W A L L λ< 380nm

21 KNOW-HOW

22 RESULT TEST EYGENIDEIO HOSPITAL GREECE 2008 Application of Active Cool - Interior B A C T E R I A (VOC) - 40% PM 2,5-25%

23 Cool and Photocatalytic Materials Rome--a city rich in historical projects its vision of a sustainable built environment using ancient materials: concrete, glass Jubilee Church - Rome Breakthroughs: -Self-cleaning photocatalytic mortar exterior -Architect: Richard Meier

24 Historical Buildings and Cultural Heritage Monuments: Why and Where Cool and Photocatalytic Materials Historical buildings in the majority of the times cannot be subject of (re) painting works, due to archeological issues. The use of Cool and Photocatalytic materials even on a microclimatic scale ( surrounding urban area and buildings if any) can positively contribute to the Improvement of the microclimate conditions and therefore to eliminates harsh environmental factors and phenomena: Urban Heat Island consequences reduction ( less heat stress in microclimate, Energy Savings, Smog mitigation) Harmful Pollutants Decomposition ( Nox, Ozon, SO2, Bacteria)

25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION PERDIKIS PROKOPIS ΑBOLIN Co