ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL PARK ( Acres) AT VILLAGE: PUDI TALUK: RAMBILLI DISTRICT: VISHAKAPATNAM STATE: ANDHRA PRADESH (Schedule 7(c) B Industrial Estates/Parks as per EIA notification Sep 2006 and its Amendment on Dec 2009) Submitted by ANDHRA PRADESH INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATION LTD. Report prepared by HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS PVT LTD., CHENNAI JULY 2015

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3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose of The Report EIA Requirement Classification & Categorization Project Proponent Rationale of Study Applicable Regulatory Framework Scope and Objectives Methodology Adopted EIA Process PROJECT DESCRIPTION Type of the Project Project Location Justification for the Project Land Form and Land Ownership Existing Site Conditions Approach to the Site Proposed Development Plotted Area Internal Access Road Green Belt Area Common Facilities Utilities Power, Fuel and APC measures proposed Water Requirement Sewage Treatment - CSTP Specifications i

4 2.8.4 Effluent Treatment- Specification of 300 KLD Storm Water Drainage Solid and Hazardous Wastes PROJECT SCHEDULE PROJECT BUDGET DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Scope of Study Location Climate Rainfall Micrometeorology Air Environment Reconnaissance Survey Noise Environment Reconnaissance Survey Baseline Noise Status Water Environment Reconnaissance Survey Baseline Water Quality Status Hydrogeology Drainage and water Bodies of the Study Area Land Environment Site Geology Physiography Land Use Soil Environment Soil Type Soil Monitoring ii

5 3.11 Baseline Biological Survey Floral Biodiversity in the Study Area Socio Economic Environment Demographic Profile Social Indicators Economy ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION Nature of Impact Duration of Impact Aerial Extent of Impact Intensity of Impact Impacts due to Development of Industrial Park Impacts on Agriculture and Land Use Impacts on Health and Safety Impacts on Soil and Erosion Impacts on Vegetation Impacts on Wildlife, Habitat, and Biodiversity Impacts on Water Quality Impacts on Air Quality Impacts of Noise Impacts on Infrastructure and Services Impacts on Landscape and Aesthetics Impacts of Construction Camps Impacts on Quality of Life Impacts on Land Use Impacts on Standard of Living Impacts on Traffic and Transport IMPACT ASSESSMENT Matrix Method Alternative Scenarios iii

6 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING IN EIA ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MONITORING METHODOLOGIES REPORTING & DOCUMENTATION ADDITIONAL STUDIES RISK ASSESSMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Major Activities Emergency Plan R & R STUDIES RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION BENEFIT PUBLIC HEARING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OBJECTIVES OF EMP ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP Environmental Management Cell Responsibilities of Environment Management Cell Monitoring of Environment Corporate Social Responsibility iv

7 8.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Social Environment ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE OPERATION PHASE Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Land Environment and Solid/Hazardous Waste Management Energy Conservation Measures Proposed Formation of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Fire Safety Facility Occupational Health and Safety GREEN BELT DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH Protection of Greenbelt Proposed plants for Green belt development Budget for Environmental Management PROJECT BENEFITS SUMMARY & CONCLUSION DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules for the Proposed Project... 5 Table 2-1 Project site and surrounding features Table 2-2 Land use breakup for the project Table 2-3 List of Industries Allotted Table 2-4 List of Industries Proposed Table 2-5 Power, Fuel Requirement and APC measures for Allotted and proposed Industries Table 2-6 Water Requirement for Construction Phase Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase v

8 Table 2-8 Solid & Hazardous Waste details of Allotted & Proposed Industries Table 2-9 Proposed Quantity of Hazardous waste Table 2-10 Project Schedule Table 2-11 Cost breakup of various development activities in the site Table 3-1 Meteorological observations (March-July 2015) Table 3-2 Locations of the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) stations Table 3-3Test methods used for the analysis of ambient air quality parameters Table 3-4 Average Ambient air quality results in different locations Table 3-5 Noise level Monitoring Locations Table 3-6 Noise levels in Day and Night Time Table 3-7 Water Sampling location details Table 3-8 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters Table 3-9 Analytical results on Ground water samples Table 3-10 Analytical results on Surface water samples collected in the study area Table 3-11 Land use Classification Table 3-12 Soil Sampling Locations Table 3-13 Soil quality in the study area Table 3-14 Summary of Trees recorded in the study area Table 3-15 Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area Table 3-16 Herbs recorded in the study area Table 3-17 Aquatic plants in the study area Table 3-18 Mammals recorded in the study area Table 3-19 Fishes present near in the study area Table 3-20 Birds recorded in the study area Table 3-21 Reptiles recorded in the study area Table 3-22 Amphibians recorded in the study area Table 3-23 Insects recorded in the study area Table 3-24 Demographic Profile of Visakhapatnam District Table 3-25 Type of schools in the Rambili Mandal Table 3-26 Availability of health facilities in the district vi

9 Table 3-27 Land Utilization Table 4-1 Number of trees available at site Table 4-2 Emission Details calculated for Air Dispersion Modeling Table 4-3 Predicted GLCs from the Proposed Project Table 4-4 Projected no of Vehicles, PCU during operational phase Table 4-5 Traffic impact during operational phase V/C Ratio & LOS Table 4-6 Traffic impact in Projection V/C Ratio & LOS Table 4-7 Summary of Findings Table 4-8 Overall Impact Classification Table 4-9 No-Project Scenario Table 4-10 Project Scenario without EMP Table 4-11 Project with EMP Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Program for Construction and Operation Phase Table 6-2 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Monitoring Table 7-1 Details of Monetary benefits Table 7-2 Issues Raised during Public Hearing and Reply Table 8-1 Responsibility for EMP implementation Table 8-2 Budget for Environmental Management Table 11-1 Details of the Consultant LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 EIA Process Cycle Figure 2-1 Location map of the site Figure 2-2 Satellite map of the site and 10 km radius from the site Figure 2-3 Topo map showing 15 km around the site Figure 2-4 Satellite Imagery of the project site Figure 2-5 Satellite map showing Boundaries Figure 2-6 Existing Site conditions Figure 2-7 Photograph of Approach road to site vii

10 Figure 2-8 Water Balance Figure 3-1 Administrative Map showing the project site Figure 3-2 Monthly and Annual Rainfall pattern in Vishakhapatnam District Figure 3-3 Wind rose diagram of Visakhapatnam District Figure 3-4 AAQ Monitoring locations in the study area Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring Locations within 10 Km radius Figure 3-6 Water Sampling Locations within study area Figure 3-7 Hydrogeology map of Vishakhapatnam District Figure 3-8 Depth to water level Pre-monsoon (May 2012) Visakhapatnam district Figure 3-9 Depth to water level Post-monsoon (May 2012) Visakhapatnam district Figure 3-10 Drainage & Water body Figure 3-11 Geological formation in the study area Figure 3-12 Physiography of the site area Figure 3-13 Land Use Map of the project site Figure 3-14 Soil Classification Figure 3-15 Google map showing soil sampling locations Figure 4-1 SOx Emission from the proposed stack Figure 4-2 NOx Emissions from Proposed Stack Figure 4-3 PM Emissions from the Proposed Stack Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Notice in Newspapers Figure 7-2 Photographs of Public Hearing Figure 8-1 Organogram for Environmental Management LIST OF ANNEXURE 1. Annexure-1 ToR issued by MoEF 2. Annexure-2 Land Documents 3. Annexure-3 Master Plan of Industrial Park showing the area break up 4. Annexure-4 Traffic Movement Plan within the Industrial Park 5. Annexure-4 Power Supply request letter 6. Annexure-6 GO regarding water supply for the project. viii

11 7. Annexure-7 Water supply line to the industries 8. Annexure-8 Storm water line layout 9. Annexure-9 Contour map 10. Annexure-10 GO regarding Land acquisition 11. Annexure-11 Public Hearing Minutes. 12. Annexure-12 Public Hearing reply by APIIC. 13. Annexure KLD CSTP specifications, process flow and layout 14. Annexure-14 Sewer line from industries connecting to CSTP 15. Annexure KLD CETP specifications, process flow and layout 16. Annexure-16 Effluent line from industries connecting to CETP PROJECT MILE STONES S.No Details Dates 1. EC Application submitted to MoEF & CC 21 April, TOR Presentation held 24 April, TOR received 04 June, Monitoring Period March July EIA prepared date 31 July Public Hearing held 1 April, EIA Submission Date 5 August, 2016 ix

12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The following peoples are gratefully acknowledged for their fullest support in rendering needful information regarding the project and kind co operation in fulfilling the report. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd., (APIIC) Mr.B.V.Siva Reddy Environmental Engineer Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd, Chennai Dr.J.R.Moses FAE Dr.Rajkumar Samuel FAE Mr. Abishek Moses Team Member Mr. A.Monoharan FAE Mr.V.Dhivakar FAE Mrs.Raama Prakash FAE Mr.R.Navaneeth lakshman Team Member Ms.Kavya Team member Mr.N.Varadharajan Team Member Mr.Chengalvarayan Team Member Laboratory Details Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Ashok Nagar, Chennai Approved by MoEF & CC x

13 Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIA I hereby certify that I was involved EIA report for project titled Proposed Industrial Park at Pudi at Pudi village, Rambilli Mandal, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh by Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited along with the Functional Area Experts listed below during February 2014 to till date. EIA Coordinator Name: Dr. J.R. Moses Signature : Contact Information: Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., A-21, Phase III, Thiru-vi-ka Industrial Area, Guindy, Chennai Functional Area Experts: S. No. Functional Name of the Duration of Involvement Areas Expert 1 AP Dr.J R Moses March 2015 Signature 2 WP Mrs.Ramaa March 2015 April 2015 Prakash 3 WP Dr.Rajkumar August October 2015 Samuel 4 SHW Dr.J R Moses March March SHW Mrs.Ramaa March 2014 Prakash 6 SE V Dhivakar Feb 2015 March SE A. Manoharan October, December EB Dr.Rajkumar August October 2015 Samuel 9 EB A. Manoharan March May SC A. Manoharan May - June 2015 xi

14 11 AQ Dr.J R Moses March RH Dr.J R Moses April HG Dr.T.P.Natesan March LU Dr.T.P.Natesan May GEO Dr.T.P.Natesan April 2015 *See below the expansion of Functional Areas Second Revision Additional Experts Involved: S.No Functionary-Area Name Duration Signature 1 Team Member EIA A. Manoharan March 2014 to Co-ordinator till date 2 Assistant EIA Coordinator Dr.Rajkumar February 2014 Samuel to till date 3 Team Member N.Varadharajan June 01, 2016 to till date 4 AFAE, AQ&RH Ragadharani June 01, 2016 to till date 5 AFAE, WP&SHW Kalaimathi June 01, 2016 to till date 6 Team Member Abhishek Moses June 01, 2016 to till date 7 Team Member Thangam Jasintha Marry June 01, 2016 to till date 8 Team Member Dr.K.Karupaiyan June 01, 2016 to till date xii

15 Functional Area Code LU AP AQ WP EB NV SE HG GEO SC RH SHW Abbreviation of the Functional Areas Land Use Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control Ecology and Biodiversity Noise and Vibration Socio-Economics Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation Geology Soil Conservation Risk Assessment and Hazards Management Solid and Hazardous Waste Management xiii

16 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization I, Dr.J.R.MOSES hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA Proposed Industrial Park at Pudi at pudi village, Rambilli Mandal, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh by Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement. Signature: Name: Dr. J.R.MOSES Designation: CEO Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: 78, 11 August, xiv

17 Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

18 Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is prepared for proposed development of Industrial Park at Pudi village, Rambilli Mandal, Vishakhapatnam District in Andhra Pradesh State. The Park is proposed to be spread over acres and cater to the socio-economic development of the region. The project scope involves development of various Industrial units and associated facilities within an area of Acres of land. The project is proposed by Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC). 1.2 EIA REQUIREMENT The Government of India (GoI), Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), New Delhi, vide Notification No. S.O dated 14 th September, 2006 (subsequently amended by S.O. 3067(E) dated ), has made it mandatory to obtain Prior Environmental Clearance for projects or activities within the schedule of that notification from MoEF & CC (for Category A projects) or from SEIAA (for Category B projects). 1.3 CLASSIFICATION & CATEGORIZATION As vide MoEF & CC EIA Notification 2006, Schedule 7c- Category B warrants: Atleast one industry must be B Category Project in the Industrial Park for Area less than 500 Ha. Area of Industrial Park Ha (Acres ) & present Allotted Industries consist of B Category Industries namely Kernos India Aluminate Technologies 8.31 Ha (Acres ), located at Plot No: 1 ( EC obtained) A Category Industries are not planned in the proposed Industrial Park (IP). Thus this project comes under 7(c) B Thus the proposed project of industrial park is classified as Category B, under Schedule 7(c) of the said Notification. 2

19 Introduction The Proposed project falls under Category B, requisite application in prescribed Form-1 was submitted to MoEF&CC on 21/04/2014, since APSEAC was not formed. The ToR presentation was made on 24 April, Based on the information furnished and presentation done before the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) and after giving due consideration to various aspects of the project, scoping of the project was done by EAC and Terms of Reference (TOR) were assigned on 4 June, 2015 for the EIA study. The TOR s along with its point wise compliance are given at end of the report. ToR copy is enclosed in Annexure-1 Thus, the proposed unit is required to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study Report for the final appraisal by SEAC. With a view to evaluate likely impacts on various components of the environment of the proposed project, APIIC took service of Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd, Chennai for preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report. This report will give information about baseline data collected to identify, quantify, predict and assess impacts on various environmental components like air, water, noise, land etc. for the months of March to July, PROJECT PROPONENT Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC), an undertaking of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, is a premier organization in the state, vested with the objective of providing Industrial infrastructure through development of Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones. Over 253 Industrial Parks have been established throughout the State, covering an extent of over 1,30,000 acres. The Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones are playing a pivotal role, in attracting investments to the State both domestic & foreign by providing multiple incentives. Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1973 by the GO No: 831 dated 10-SEP-1973 issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh. APIIC is spread over in all districts of Andhra Pradesh having 15 Zonal Offices. APIIC has manpower of all sectors including Administration, Engineering & Quality Assurance, Legal, Marketing, Finance & Internal Audit etc., 3

20 Introduction APIIC will undertake infrastructure development in its Industrial parks and takes up regular maintenance. APIIC is also delegated with Local Authority Powers under Panchayat Raj & Municipal Act by GoAP. 1.5 RATIONALE OF STUDY The development of industries within the Pudi Industrial estate should be done in such a way that the water resources, biodiversity, health of the local people and visitors will not get affected. However, on the reverse side, these same industries will become an important source of revenue for the local people. The adverse impacts caused by industrial expansion within the zone needs to be identified and assessed to protect the biodiversity of the region by promoting the sustainable development of the surrounding communities in a deliberate and tactful way. Furthermore, environmental pollution by the emerging industries around the industrial estate needs to be assessed. In order to assess the situation, comprehensive information about the proposed industries; multi-dimensional impacts expected by the industries; land use planning for the promotion of livelihoods of the locals using non-carbon emissions sources of income generation; and preservation of cultural values of the Rambilli Mandal area needed to be integrated into the conservation and development plan of the region in order to reduce the environmental degradation. 1.6 APPLICABLE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The following are applicable Acts and Rules related to the proposed project: The details of Acts and Rules with applicability for the proposed project are given in Table

21 Introduction Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules for the Proposed Project S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No Reason for Applicability 1. The Environment To protect and improve Yes All the industries proposed Protection Act-1986 overall environment attract this Act Authority MoEF & CC. GoI; CPCB;SPCB 2. Environmental Impact To provide Yes The project falls under MoEF & CC, SEIAA Assessment Notification environmental clearance Schedule 7 (c) Category B as 14 th Sep 2006 and to new development per the notification. subsequent amendments activities following time to time. environmental impact assessment 3. The National Address Grievances Yes Grievances if any will be NEAA Environment Appellate regarding the process of dealt with, within this act. Authority Act (NEAA) environmental clearance The Land Acquisition Set out rule for Yes Acquisition of land for Revenue Department State Act 1894 & 1989 acquisition. of land by development. Government. government 5

22 Introduction S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No 5. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 amended The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Act 1990 Prevention, control and Yes abatement of air pollution Prevention and control of Yes water pollution and also maintaining or restoring the wholesomeness of water The standards for noise Yes for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses. Reason for Applicability During construction of roads, piling works inside the industrial park, During operation -Air pollutants from Industries in the Industrial park Water Pollutants generated from industries in the Industrial park has to be treated to prescribed standards This act will be applicable as vehicular noise, to assess for future years and necessary protection measure needs to be considered in design. Authority CPCB and SPCB CPCB and SPCB CPCB and SPCB 6

23 Introduction S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No Reason for Applicability 8. Environmental Protection and Yes As all environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986 Improvement of the notifications, rules and (Amendments in 1999, Environment Schedules are issued under 2001, 2002, 2002, 2002, this act. 2003, 2004) 9. Hazardous Waste Management & Handling Yes Industries will generate (Management and of hazardous wastes in hazardous waste which may Handling) Rules, 1989 line with the Basel be from process, utilities etc amended 2000 and 2003 convention and they have to be managed as per the Rules 10. Manufacture Storage and Regulate the Yes Some Industries mainly Import of Hazardous manufacture, storage and synthetic Organic Chemical Chemicals Rules, 1989 import of Hazardous Industries will use Hazardous amended 2000 Chemicals Chemicals - Toxic, Explosive, Flammable, Reactive Authority MoEF&CC, GoI; CPCB and SPCB MoEF&CC, CPCB, SPCB, DGFT, Port Authority and Customs Authority Ministry of Environment & Forests, CPCB, SPCB, Chief Inspector of Factories, Chief Inspector of Mines, AERB, Chief Controller of Explosives, District Collector or District Emergency Authority, CEES under DRDO 7

24 Introduction S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No Reason for Applicability Authority 11. Chemical Accidents Emergency Planning Yes Some Industries mainly CCG, SCG, DCG, LCG (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and synthetic Organic Chemical and MAH Units Preparedness and Response) Rules, Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 amended 1992 Response to chemical Industries will use Hazardous accidents Chemicals - Toxic, Explosive, Flammable, Reactive To control the hazardous Yes Lead Acid Batteries SPCB, CPCB and MoEF waste generation (lead waste) from used lead acid batteries To provide immediate Yes Protect the staff working in Ministry of Environment & relief to persons affected the Industry due to use of Forests, District Collector by accident involving Hazardous Substances hazardous substances 14. The Factories Act, 1948 Control of workplace Yes All the industries to be Ministry of Labour, environment, and established attract the Act. DGFASLI and Directorate providing for good health and safety of workers of Industrial Safety And Health/Factories Inspectorate 8

25 Introduction S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No 15. The Petroleum Act, The Petroleum Rules, The Gas Cylinder Rules, 2004 Regulate the import, Yes transport, storage, production, refining and blending of petroleum Regulate the import, Yes transport, storage, production, refining and blending of petroleum Regulate the import, Yes storage, handling and transportation of gas cylinders with a view to prevent accidents Reason for Applicability Some Industries may use petroleum products for storage. Some Industries may use petroleum products for storage. Some industries may use Gases (Toxic, non toxic and non flammable, non toxic and flammable, Dissolved Acetylene Gas, Non toxic and flammable liquefiable gas other than LPG, Authority Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Environment & Forests or SPCB Chief Controller of Explosives, district authority Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Chief Controller of Explosives, collector, DGCA, DC, DM, Police (sub inspector to commissioner) 9

26 Introduction S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable Yes/ No 18. The Static and Mobile Regulate the import, Yes Pressure Vessels manufacture, design, (Unfired) Rules, 1981 installation, transportation, handling, use and testing of mobile and static pressure vessels (unfired) with a view to prevent accidents 19. The Central Motor For transportation of Yes Vehicle Act 1988 and dangerous goods Central Motor Vehicle Rules1989 Reason for Applicability Some of the industries may use boilers/ Thermic Fluid Heaters/ Thermo Pack for process. Some of the industries may transport solvents/ petroleum products etc. Authority Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Chief Controller of Explosives, collector, DGCA, DC, DM, Police (sub inspector to commissioner) Ministry of Road Transport and Highways 10

27 1.7 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Introduction The scope of the study included the following areas of work: Collection of detailed information on industries proposed within the industrial area including their location, size, nature of production, capacity, use of raw materials and use of energy sources in order to establish the baseline condition. Their emissions, wastage and by-products if any, are accounted for evaluating their multiple impacts on the prevailing environment of the area. Preparation of an environmental management plan, monitoring strategies, and proposals for the most effective mitigation measures, including auditing plans and matrices for the monitoring of various pollution parameters at the industrial site. The major objective of this study is to prepare a detailed Environment Impact study of the Industrial Park at Pudi Village. The specific objectives of the study were: To ensure environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated into the development decision-making process. To anticipate and avoid, minimize or offset the adverse significant biophysical, social and other relevant effects of the above project proposal. To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and the ecological processes which maintain their respective functions. To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resources used as well as management opportunities. To fully recognize the scope and requirements of the ToR and comply with the same. 1.8 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact, whether positive or negative, that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects, i.e., aiming at Sustainable Development due to the project activities. 11

28 1.8.1 EIA Process Introduction The EIA process followed for this EIA report is composed of the following stages: Study of project information Screening & Scoping Environmental pre-feasibility study & application for approval of ToR Collection of detailed project management plan/report Baseline data collection Impact identification, Prediction & Evaluation Mitigation measures & delineation of EMP Risk assessment and safety & disaster management plan Review & finalization of EIA Report based on the ToR requirements. Submission of Draft EIA report public for Public Hearing. Incorporation of Issues raised in Public Hearing and measures to solve the issues in the EIA report and Submission of the EIA report for implementation of mitigation measures & EMP as well as necessary clearances from relevant Authorities. The EIA Cycle based on the above stages has been illustrated in Figure

29 Introduction Study of Project Screening and Reconnaissance Feasibility Study and Application of TOR Scoping and Application of TOR Collection of Detailed Project Plan/Report Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status Identification of Monitoring, Locations For Monitoring & Sampling, Analysis Of Samples And Generation Of Primary Data Identification of Secondary Data Sources & Collection of Data Compilation, Verification and Validation of data Identification, Prediction & Evaluation of Impacts Citation of Necessary Mitigation Measures, Delineation of Environment Monitoring And Management Plan Consequence Analysis & Risk Assessment Citation of Necessary Preventive, Control & Precautionary Measures. Delineation of Safety and Disaster Management Plan Preparation of Draft EIA Report & Review Public Hearing Preparation & Issue of Final EIA Report Submission, Appraisal by Authorities for necessary clearance Figure 1-1 EIA Process Cycle 13

30 Project Description CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 14

31 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Description 2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT APIIC proposes the development of an Industrial Park at Pudi village, Rambilli mandal, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh State. The Park is proposed to be spread over acres and caters to the socio-economic development of the region. Total plotted area for the proposed site acres. There are totally 22 plots proposed for the site. Only B category industries are proposed as per the EIA notification 2006 and its amendments. 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION An Industrial Park is being proposed at Pudi village in Rambilli Mandal, Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh State. The site is located at 5.9 Km from Atchutapuram Junction along Pudimadaka Road within an area of Already APIIC has a site office at Atchutapuram and APIIC has got Environmental Clearance for Multiproduct SEZ at Atchutapuram. The co-ordinates of proposed area in the South '19.44"N, 82 59'59.45"E, North '54.44"N, 82 59'51.19"E, West-17 30'45.55"N 82 59'43.21"E, East '45.32"N, 83 0'22.83"E. Table 2-1 depicts the project location details. The location of the site is shown in Figure 2-1 and the 10 km radius map is given in Figure Topo map showing 15 km and 10 km radius around the site is provided in Figure 2-3 and Satellite image of the project site is given in Figure 2-4. The project site boundary is given in Figure 2-5. Table 2-1 Project site and surrounding features S.No Particulars Details 1. Geographical Location South 17 30'19.44"N, 82 59'59.45"E North 17 30'54.44"N 82 59'51.19"E East 17 30'45.32"N 83 0'22.83"E West 17 30'45.55"N 82 59'43.21"E 2. Survey no.s 245/1, 245/2, 245/3, 245/4, 246/1, 246/2, 246/3, 246/4, 246/5, 246/6, 246/7, 246/8, 246/9, 246/10, 246/11, 246/12, 247/1, 247/2, 247/3, 247/4, 247/5, 247/6, 247/7, 247/8, 247/9, 247/10, 247/11, 247/12, 15

32 Project Description 247/13, 247/14, 247/15, 247/16, 248, 249/1, 249/2, 250/1, 250/2, 250/3, 250/4, 250/5, 250/6, 250/7, 250/8, 250/9, 250/10, 250/11, 251/1, 251/2, 251/3, 251/4, 251/5, 251/6, 251/7, 251/8, 251/9, 251/10, 251/11, 251/12, 251/13, 251/14, 251/15, 251/16, 251/17, 251/18, 251/19, 251/20, 251/21, 251/22, 251/23, 251/24, 251/25, 251/26, 251/27, 251/28, 251/29, 251/30, 251/31, 251/32, 252/2, 252/3, 252/4, 252/5, 252/6, 252/7, 252/8, 252/9, 252/10, 252/11, 252/12 252/13, 252/14, 252/15, 252/16, 253/1, 253/2, 253/3, 253/4, 253/5, 253/6, 253/7, 253/8, 253/9, 253/10, 253/11, 253/12, 253/13, 253/14, 253/15, 253/16, 253/17, 253/18, 253/19, 254/1, 254/2, 254/3, 254/4, 254/5, 254/6, 254/7, 254/8, 254/9, 254/10, 254/11, 254/12, 254/13, 254/14, 254/15, 254/16, 254/17, 254/18, 254/19, 254/20, 254/21, 254/22, 254/23, 254/24, 254/25, 255/1, 255/2, 255/3, 255/4, 255/5, 255/6, 255/7, 255/8, 255/9, 255/10, 255/11, 255/12, 255/13, 255/14, 255/15, 255/16, 255/17, 255/18, 255/19, 255/20, 256/1, 256/2, 256/3, 256/4, 256/5, 256/6A, 256/6B, 256/6C, 256/7A, 256/7B, 256/7C, 256/7D, 256/7E, 256/7F, 256/7G, 256/7H, 256/8A, 256/8B, 256/8C, 256/9, 256/10A, 256/10B, 256/10C, 256/10D, 256/10E, 256/10F, 256/10G, 256/10H, 256/10I, 256/11A, 256/11B, 257/1, 257/2, 258/ Part, 259, 259/1, 259/2, 259/3, 260, 260/1, 260/2, 260/11, 260/3A, 260/3B, 260/3C, 260/4, 260/5, 260/6, 260/7, 260/8, 260/9A, 260/9B, 260/9C, 261/1, 261/2, 261/3, 261/4, 262/1, 262/2, 263/1, 263/2, 263/3, 264/1, 264/2, 264/3, 264/4, 264/5, 264/6, 265/1, 265/2, 265/3, 265/4, 265/5, 265/6, 265/7, 265/8, 265/9, 265/10, 265/11, 265/12, 265/13, 265/14, 265/15, 265/16, 266, 268/1, 268/2, 268/3, 268/4, 268/5, 268/6, 268/7A, 268/7B, 268/8, 268/9, 292/1, 292/2, 292/3, 292/5, 292/7, 292/8, 292/9, 292/10, 292/4, 292/6, 293, 294, 295/1, 295/2, 295/3, 295/4, 295/5, 16

33 Project Description 295/6, 295/7, 295/8, 295/9, 295/10, 295/11, 295/12, 295/13, 295/14, 295/15, 369/1, 369/2, 370/1, 370/2, 370/3, 370/4, 370/5, 370/6, 370/7, 370/8, 370/9, 370/10, 370/11, 370/12, 370/13, 370/14, 370/15, 370/16, 370/17, 370/18, 370/19, 370/20, 370/21, 370/22, 370/23, 371/1, 371/2, 371/3, 371/4, 371/5, 371/6, 371/7, 371/8, 371/9, 371/10, 371/11, 371/12, 371/13, 371/14, 371/15, 371/16, 371/17, 371/18, 371/19, 371/20, 371/21, 371/22, 371/23, 371/24, 371/25, 371/26, 372/2, 372/3, 372/4, 372/5, 373/1, 373/2, 373/3, 373/4, 373/5, 373/6, 373/7, 373/8, 373/9, 373/11, 373/12, 373/13, 373/14, 373/15, 373/16, 373/17, 373/18, 373/19, 373/20, 373/21, 374/2, 374/3, 374/5, 374/6, 375/1, 375/2, 375/4, 376/1, 376/2, 376/3, 376/4, 376/6, 376/7, 377/1, 377/2, 378/1A, 378/1B, 378/1C, 378/1D, 378/2, 378/3, 378/4A, 378/4B, 378/4C, 378/4D 3. Toposheet no. 65O-02, 65K14 and Mean Sea Level 5-15 m 5. Nearest Railway Station Yelaminchilli Km 6. Nearest Airport Visakhapatnam Airport Km 7. Highway NH Km 8. Sea port Gangavaram km Visakhapatnam Port 35.8 Km 9. Nearest habitation Pudimadaka Village -1Km (South) 10. Densely populated area Atchutapuram 5 Km (North) 11. Inland water bodies Kondakarla Lake 9 Km ( North) Krishnampalem Cheruvu 3.4 Km ( East) 12. Notified Forest/Wildlife Nil within 10 Km radius Sanctuary Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary 8.4 Km* *The Bird Sanctuary is not notified by MoEF & CC. 17

34 Figure 2-1 Location map of the site Project Description 18

35 Project Description Figure 2-2 Satellite map of the site and 10 km radius from the site 19

36 Project Description Figure 2-3 Topo map showing 15 km around the site 20

37 Project Description Figure 2-4 Satellite Imagery of the project site 21

38 Project Description Figure 2-5 Satellite map showing Boundaries The Google image clearly shows that the site is vacant. 2.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT APIIC with the aim of industrial development has been developing industrial parks through-out the state. Visakhapatnam district has the port and Air port which will be an added advantage for the business & socio-economic development and improvement for the district. Hence APIIC has proposed the plans for the Industrial park in this district. The connectivity of the site to port, airport, railway and road is as follows: a. Port Connectivity- The site is about 27 Km away from the Visakhapatnam Port. b. Airport Connectivity- The site is about 31 from the Visakhapatnam Airport. c. Rail Connectivity- The site is about 15.8 Km from Eellamanchilli Railway Station from which railway lines could be drawn in for goods carrier. d. Road Connectivity- The site is about 17 Km from NH- 5 connecting Chennai - Kolkata. 22

39 Project Description 2.4 LAND FORM AND LAND OWNERSHIP The proposed area for the Industrial Park of Acres falling within Survey No. 245/1, 245/2, 245/3, 245/4, 246/1, 246/2, 246/3, 246/4, 246/5, 246/6, 246/7, 246/8, 246/9, 246/10, 246/11, 246/12, 247/1, 247/2, 247/3, 247/4, 247/5, 247/6, 247/7, 247/8, 247/9, 247/10, 247/11, 247/12, 247/13, 247/14, 247/15, 247/16, 248, 249/1, 249/2, 250/1, 250/2, 250/3, 250/4, 250/5, 250/6, 250/7, 250/8, 250/9, 250/10, 250/11, 251/1, 251/2, 251/3, 251/4, 251/5, 251/6, 251/7, 251/8, 251/9, 251/10, 251/11, 251/12, 251/13, 251/14, 251/15, 251/16, 251/17, 251/18, 251/19, 251/20, 251/21, 251/22, 251/23, 251/24, 251/25, 251/26, 251/27, 251/28, 251/29, 251/30, 251/31, 251/32, 252/2, 252/3, 252/4, 252/5, 252/6, 252/7, 252/8, 252/9, 252/10, 252/11, 252/12 252/13, 252/14, 252/15, 252/16, 253/1, 253/2, 253/3, 253/4, 253/5, 253/6, 253/7, 253/8, 253/9, 253/10, 253/11, 253/12, 253/13, 253/14, 253/15, 253/16, 253/17, 253/18, 253/19, 254/1, 254/2, 254/3, 254/4, 254/5, 254/6, 254/7, 254/8, 254/9, 254/10, 254/11, 254/12, 254/13, 254/14, 254/15, 254/16, 254/17, 254/18, 254/19, 254/20, 254/21, 254/22, 254/23, 254/24, 254/25, 255/1, 255/2, 255/3, 255/4, 255/5, 255/6, 255/7, 255/8, 255/9, 255/10, 255/11, 255/12, 255/13, 255/14, 255/15, 255/16, 255/17, 255/18, 255/19, 255/20, 256/1, 256/2, 256/3, 256/4, 256/5, 256/6A, 256/6B, 256/6C, 256/7A, 256/7B, 256/7C, 256/7D, 256/7E, 256/7F, 256/7G, 256/7H, 256/8A, 256/8B, 256/8C, 256/9, 256/10A, 256/10B, 256/10C, 256/10D, 256/10E, 256/10F, 256/10G, 256/10H, 256/10I, 256/11A, 256/11B, 257/1, 257/2, 258/ Part, 259, 259/1, 259/2, 259/3, 260, 260/1, 260/2, 260/11, 260/3A, 260/3B, 260/3C, 260/4, 260/5, 260/6, 260/7, 260/8, 260/9A, 260/9B, 260/9C, 261/1, 261/2, 261/3, 261/4, 262/1, 262/2, 263/1, 263/2, 263/3, 264/1, 264/2, 264/3, 264/4, 264/5, 264/6, 265/1, 265/2, 265/3, 265/4, 265/5, 265/6, 265/7, 265/8, 265/9, 265/10, 265/11, 265/12, 265/13, 265/14, 265/15, 265/16, 266, 268/1, 268/2, 268/3, 268/4, 268/5, 268/6, 268/7A, 268/7B, 268/8, 268/9, 292/1, 292/2, 292/3, 292/5, 292/7, 292/8, 292/9, 292/10, 292/4, 292/6, 293, 294, 295/1, 295/2, 295/3, 295/4, 295/5, 295/6, 295/7, 295/8, 295/9, 295/10, 295/11, 295/12, 295/13, 295/14, 295/15, 369/1, 369/2, 370/1, 370/2, 370/3, 370/4, 370/5, 370/6, 370/7, 370/8, 370/9, 370/10, 370/11, 370/12, 370/13, 370/14, 370/15, 370/16, 370/17, 370/18, 370/19, 370/20, 370/21, 370/22, 370/23, 371/1, 371/2, 371/3, 371/4, 371/5, 371/6, 371/7, 371/8, 371/9, 371/10, 371/11, 371/12, 371/13, 371/14, 371/15, 371/16, 371/17, 371/18, 371/19, 371/20, 371/21, 371/22, 371/23, 371/24, 371/25, 371/26, 372/2, 372/3, 372/4, 372/5, 373/1, 373/2, 373/3, 373/4, 373/5, 373/6, 373/7, 373/8, 373/9, 373/11, 23

40 Project Description 373/12, 373/13, 373/14, 373/15, 373/16, 373/17, 373/18, 373/19, 373/20, 373/21, 374/2, 374/3, 374/5, 374/6, 375/1, 375/2, 375/4, 376/1, 376/2, 376/3, 376/4, 376/6, 376/7, 377/1, 377/2, 378/1A, 378/1B, 378/1C, 378/1D, 378/2, 378/3, 378/4A, 378/4B, 378/4C, 378/4D has been handed over to APIIC. The Land Documents and the site extent are given in Annexure EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS The site is located along Pudimadaka Road, very near to Atchutapuram APSEZ. The site has undulating terrain and the elevation varies from 5-15m above msl. Some cashewnut and palm trees are found at site. The site is presently vacant land and some road works are in progress.. Figure 2-6 Existing Site conditions North side East side 24

41 Project Description South side West side 2.6 APPROACH TO THE SITE Approach to the site is through Pudimadaka Road. It is a two lane wide road and continues from Atchutapuram Junction to Pudimadaka. Already Multiproduct APSEZ is available at Atchutapuram and hence a well developed road is available for approach to site. The photo of existing road is given in Figure 2-7. Figure 2-7 Photograph of Approach road to site 25

42 Project Description 2.7 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT The proposed area for Industrial Park is Acres (77.27 Ha). The Master Plan for proposed development is given in Annexure-3 and the Area breakup of Plot area is given in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Land use breakup for the project Area Break Up Area (Acres) Percentage (%) Plotted Area Commercial area, 9.5 Common facilities, Road Area, Road area fallen under widening of A-P road, 7.26 Service Corridor, 3.10 Open space Area Open space Area Peripheral Green Belt Water bodies Total Plotted Area Total plotted area for the proposed site acres. There are totally 22 plots proposed for the site, including commercial plots. Already allotment is made for 9 plots. Though allotments are made, the site is vacant land. Industries are yet to be established at site. The list of allotted industries is given in Table 2-3. The Type of industries Proposed in the vacant plots is given in Table 2-4. The allotments proposed for the vacant plots are based on the enquiry, Feasibility and the availability of raw materials in the district. 26

43 Project Description Table 2-3 List of Industries Allotted S. No Plot No Industries Name Product Capacity Area in Acres Schedule and Category as per EIA notification M/S Kernos India Aluminate Technologies Calcium Aluminate Binder TPA EC obtained from SEIAA vide Order No. SEIAA/AP/VSP- 48/2011 dated 21/08/2012: 3(b), B 2 7 Leisten Power & Infratech P.Ltd Steam Turbines 300 MW Steam Turbine 5 Non-EC 3 8 Shree Tandava Lakshmi Engg Works Engineering Fabrication Works 100 MT/Month Heavy structural Engineering Fabrication works 4 10 Sokeo Power P. Ltd Gas Turbines 200 MW Steam Turbines and spares 5 12 Eastern Engineering Design, Fabrication, 5 Tons/ day Design, Installation of fabrication, Equipment & Installation of Structural Machinery equipment and structures, Machinery spares manufacture and 5 Non-EC 1 Non-EC 2.17 Non-EC 27

44 Project Description S. No Plot No Industries Name Product Capacity Area in exports Acres Schedule and Category as per EIA notification Kolamala Heavy industries Heavy Fabrication Heavy specialized 1 Non-EC Works pressure vessels, heat exchangers, boilers and cryogenic vessels 7 22p Reframin Alumina Pvt.Ltd., Ceramic MTA 3 Non-EC 8 9 Balaji Industries Polythene bags 100TPA 1 Non-EC 9 18 Monocast Industries 500TPA 1.08 Non-EC Infinite Shipping & Engg Ltd Engineering, Support 2.54 Non - EC services & Construction Total area

45 Project Description Table 2-4 List of Industries Proposed S. No Plot No Industries Product Capacity Area in Acres Schedule and Category as per EIA notification Bulk drugs & Pharma Pharma 600TPA 20 5 (f) - B 2 2 Technology Center; Dev. Training center Non EC Commissioner-MSME 3 3 Glass Industry Glass 35000TPA 9.79 Non-EC 4 11 Glass, Ceramic, Earthern Glass & Ceramic 750 TPA 2.31 Non-EC potteries manufacturing using oil or gas fired kiln, coating on glasses using cerium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, etc., 5 4 Thermocol Manufacturing Thermocol 1000 TPA 3.98 Non-EC 6 14 Flexible Packaging Cardboard / Corrugated box 1000 TPA 1 Non-EC 7 15 Packing materials Packing materials from 2000 TPA 1 Non-EC vegetable fibre yarn 8 16 Fly ash brick unit Fly ash brick TPA 1.37 Non-EC 9 17 Automobile body building Automobile body building 200 Vehicles/A 2.38 Non-EC 29

46 Project Description S. No Plot No Industries Product Capacity Area in Acres Schedule and Category as per EIA notification Cutting, Sizing & Polishing Marble stones TPA 5.0 Non-EC of marble stones Automobile parts (rubber) Automobile parts 3000 TPA 4.59 Non-EC Manufacturing 12 5 Commercial plot Commercial Service 7.57 Non-EC establishment 13 Common Facilities Common Facility 9.42 Non-EC 14 CETP * 7 (h)- B Total Proposed Industries area + Commercial. Plot ( ) Acres *CETP is a part of common facility. Hence the plot no. and area is not given. 30

47 Project Description Internal Access Road Every main haul road shall be paved with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcore or metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical so as to maintain the entire road surface wet. Internal roads of 30 m width with median is proposed by APIIC. Total area of Acres is allotted for providing internal roads. The APIIC Pudi site is along Atchutapuram - Pudimadaka Road (a two lane road by APIIC) which connects the site to SH-97 at a distance of 3.5 km. The traffic movement plan for proposed Industrial Park is enclosed in Annexure Green Belt Area Presently open space area of Acres (6.24%) is earmarked for green belt development. Apart from this green belt area of 7.17 Acres (3.76%) is allotted by APIIC. The total area for green belt development available will be 19.1 Acres (10 %). Also APIIC will insist on providing green belt by all the individual industry to an area of Acres (23%), so that 33 % green belt will be developed. Green belt also will be proposed on the median of roads and avenue plantation Common Facilities Total area allotted for common facilities is 9.6 Acres. This includes an Administration Building proposed in the plot and common Facilities like Bank, ATM, canteen, post office, weigh bridge, truck parking area, fire station and Occupational Health Centre is proposed to facilitate the Industries within the Estate. It is proposed to provide truck parking area for 46 trucks in within an area of 2000 Sqm. Apart from this raw water storage tank, waste processing area, CETP, CSTP and electrical substation is proposed. The total area allotted for common facilities is Sqm. 31

48 Project Description 2.8 UTILITIES S. No Power, Fuel and APC measures proposed The overall power requirement for the proposed project is approximately, 18.5MVA and the source of power will be from APEPDCL (Eastern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited). The breakup of power and DG supply proposed for individual units is given in Table 2-5. The power requirement is tentatively calculated by giving numbers for proposed industries. The numbers are tentative only and may vary during execution Table 2-5 Power, Fuel Requirement and APC measures for Allotted and proposed Industries Plot No Industries Name M/S Kernos India Aluminate Technologies 2. 7 Leisten Power & Infratech P.Ltd 3. 8 Shree Tandava Lakshmi Engg Works Sokeo Power P. Ltd Eastern Engineering Kolamala Heavy industries p Reframin Alumina Pvt.Ltd., Power KVA DG Fuel requirement Air Pollution control Allotted Industries T coal for furnace, Diesel 200 LPD L PD Diesel for DG L PD Diesel for DG L PD Diesel for DG L PD Diesel for DG L PD Diesel for DG T coal for furnace, 100 LPD Diesel for DG measures 30 m stack each for raw mill, clinker mill, Kiln, grinding mill and bag filters. DG stack Stack attached to DG Stack attached to DG Stack attached to DG Stack attached to DG Stack attached to DG Individual Stack attached to Kiln, bag filters and stack attached to DG 32

49 Project Description S. No Plot No Industries Name Sri Balaji Industries Monocast Industries Infinite Shipping & Engg ltd Bulk drugs & Pharma industries Technology Center; Dev. Commissioner- MSME Power KVA DG Fuel requirement Air Pollution control measures L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG DG L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG DG L PD Diesel for DG Stack attached to DG Proposed Industries x T Boiler Individual stacks Furnace oil attached to boiler and 200/day. 300 L PD process. Process stack Diesel for DG attached to scrubber. DG stack L PD Diesel Stack attached to DG for DG Glass Industry L PD Diesel Stack attached to DG for DG Glass, Ceramic, L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG Earthern potteries manufacturing using oil or gas fired kiln, coating on glasses using cerium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, etc., DG Thermocol Manufacturing L PD Diesel for DG Stack attached to DG 33

50 Project Description S. No Plot No Industries Name Flexible Packaging Packing materials from non asbestos fiber, vegetable fiber yarn Power KVA DG Fuel requirement Air Pollution control measures L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG DG L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG DG Fly ash brick unit L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG DG Automobile body L PD Diesel for Stack attached to DG building DG Cutting, Sizing & L PD Diesel Stack attached to DG Polishing of marble stones for DG Automobile parts L PD Diesel Stack attached to DG Manufacturing for DG Commercial plot L PD Diesel Stack attached to DG for DG 23. Common facilities L PD Diesel for DG Stack attached to DG (= MVA) The Transformer capacity for the proposed project will be 16 MVA. Application for Power supply to APEPDCL (Eastern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Ltd.) is given in Annexure Water Requirement Construction Phase Water requirement during the construction phase will be around 100 KL per day for development of Infrastructure facilities. Water will be sourced from the Yeluru canal 34

51 Project Description which is around 20 Km from the site. Approximate people working will be around 150 Nos. Table 2-6 Water Requirement for Construction Phase S.No Activities Water Requirement (KLD) 1 Labors 15 2 Construction water 50 3 Other activities (including green belt development) 35 Total Operation Phase The Fresh water requirement will be 482 KLD. The detailed break up of tentative water requirement for each industry is given in Table 2-7. The water requirement is tentatively calculated by giving numbers for proposed industries. The numbers are tentative only and may vary during execution. The water will be sourced from the Yeluru canal which is around 20 Km from the site. The Government Order is given in Annexure- 6. The effluent and sewage generated from the industries will be treated in the CETP 300 KLD capacity and sewage will be treated in 150 KLD CSTP. Water supply line to the industries is given in Annexure-7. 35

52 Project Description Table 2-7 Water Requirement for Operation Phase S. No Industries Name Man Power Water Requirement (KLD) Wastewater generation (KLD) Domestic Process Domestic Process Treatment proposed Allotted Industries Sewage will be disposed 1. through Septic tank followed M/S Kernos India by Soak Pit. Effluent will be Aluminate Technologies treated by the Individual Industry. (Not CSTP/CETP) 2. Leisten Power & Sewage and effluent treated in Infratech P.Ltd CSTP and CETP respectively 3. Shree Tandava Lakshmi Sewage will be treated in Engg Works CSTP respectively 4. Sokeo Power P. Ltd Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively 5. Eastern Engineering Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively 6. Kolamala Heavy Sewage and effluent treated in industries CSTP and CETP respectively 7. Reframin Alumina Sewage and effluent treated in P.Ltd., CSTP and CETP respectively 8. Monocast Industry Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively 9. Sri balaji Industries Sewage and effluent treated in 36

53 Project Description S. No Industries Name Water Requirement Wastewater Man (KLD) generation (KLD) Power Domestic Process Domestic Process 10. Shipping & Engg ltd Proposed Industries 11. Bulk Drugs & Pharma Technology Center; 12. Dev. Commissioner MSME 13. Glass Industries Glass, Ceramic, Earthen Treatment proposed CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Thermocol Manufacturing Packing materials from non asbestos fiber, vegetable fiber yarn Flexible Packaging Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively 37

54 Project Description S. No Industries Name Water Requirement Wastewater Man (KLD) generation (KLD) Power Domestic Process Domestic Process 18. Fly ash brick unit Automobile body building Cutting, Sizing & 20. Polishing of marble stones 21. Automobile parts Manufacturing Commercial plot Common facilities Total (excluding M/S Kernos, S.No. 1) Treatment proposed Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Sewage and effluent treated in CSTP and CETP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively Sewage will be treated in CSTP respectively 38

55 Figure 2-8 Water Balance Project Description 39

56 Project Description Sewage Treatment - CSTP Specifications Flow rate logistics Design capacity Operating Hours Plant Flow Rate Design Flow Rate : 150 KLD : 24 hrs : 5 m 3 /hr : 5 m 3 /hr Quality logistics S.No Parameter Units Inlet Outlet Standards 1 PH TSS mg/l < 20 < 20 3 COD mg/l < 50 < 50 4 BOD mg/l < 10 < 10 5 NH 4 -N mg/l <5 6 N- total mg/l <10 7 Fecal Coliforms (MPN/100 ml) <100 CSTP Effluent Quality: 90 KLD & Capacity: 150 KLD. CSTP Inlet 20% FOS, ph: , BOD: 400mg/l and TSS: 200mg/l CSTP Outlet Quality ph : , BOD: <20mg/l, TSS: <30 mg/l Process description The Raw Sewage from various sources will get collected in the collection tank / Equalization tank through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles from where it is pumped to the aeration tank through raw sewage transfer pump. The Screened sewage in the aeration tank is provided with air diffusion through air blower & diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place through special type of 40

57 Project Description floating media called MBBR Media. MBBR media will expedite the treatment with minimum sludge. The aerated sewage is then led to the clarisettler tank provided with clarisettler internals where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The clarified water is then sent to the Clarified water tank. The settled sludge from clarifier tank will be pumped to sludge holding tank through sludge transfer pump from where it is pumped to the filter press unit through screw pump and the filtrate is taken back to the collection tank. The clarified water is then pumped to Pressure Sand filter & Activated carbon filter using filter feed pump in order to remove the suspended particles, colour and odour. Sodium hypo chlorite dosing is done online for disinfection purpose. The filtered water is used for gardening Effluent Treatment- Specification of 300 KLD Design Basis Effluent Treatment Plant Plant Capacity Operating Hours Plant Flow Rate Design Flow Rate : 300 KLD : 20 hrs : 15 m 3 /hr : 15 m 3 /hr Quality logistics S.No Description Unit CETP CETP Outlet Standards Inlet (S1) (S2) 1 ph TSS mg/l < 30 < 30 3 BOD mg/l < 20 < 20 4 COD Mg/l TDS Mg/l < 100 < <

58 Project Description 6 Total residual Mg/l 10 <1 1 chlorine 7 Ammoniacal Mg/l 500 <50 50 Nitrogen (as N) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) Mg/l 1000 < Arsenic (as As) Mg/l 2 < Mercury (as Mg/l 0.1 < Hg) 11 Lead (as Pb) Mg/l 0.5 < Cadmium (as Mg/l 10 <1 1 Cd) 13 Total Cadmium Mg/l 20 <2 2 (as Cr) 14 Copper (as Cu) Mg/l 30 < Zinc (as Zn) Mg/l 50 < Selenium (as Mg/l 0.5 < Se) 17 Nickel (as Ni) Mg/l 30 < Boron (as B) Mg/l 20 < Cyanide (as Mg/l 0.5 < CN) 20 Chloride (as Mg/l Cl) 21 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 20 < Sulphate (as SO4) Mg/l

59 Project Description 23 Sulphide (as S) Mg/l 28 < Phenolic Compounds (as C 6 H 5 OH) Mg/l 10 <1 1 CETP Effluent Quantity: 262 KLD & Capacity: 300 KLD. Water pollution load details are enclosed in Annexure 25. CETP Inlet water is CETP Inlet Water is calculated as ph : 5.5-8, COD: 4750 mg/l, BOD: 1500 mg/l, TSS: 855 mg/l, TDS: 1750 mg/l CETP Inlet 20% FOS- ph : 5.5-8, COD: 6000 mg/l, BOD: 1600 mg/l, TSS: 1000 mg/l, TDS: 2000 mg/l CETP Outlet Quality - ph : , COD: <100mg/l, BOD: <20mg/l, TSS: <30 mg/l, TDS: 2000 mg/l Process description The effluent generated from various sources will be collected in the Effluent collection tank from where it is pumped to oil skimmer unit for the removal of oil through bar screen chamber in order to remove the floating particles. The overflow from the oil skimmer tank is sent to the flash mixer tank for neutralization. Suitable dosing is added in the flash mixer tank using dosing systems. Acid / alkali / Coagulant & Flocculant dosing system is provided in the flash mixer tank. The effluent from the flash mixer tank is then sent to the primary clarifier tank provided with primary clarifier mechanism. The sludge gets settled at the bottom of the tank from where it is pumped to the common sludge holding tank through sludge pump. The sludge from sludge holding tank is pumped to the common filter press unit through screw pump for sludge dewatering. The drain from filter press unit is sent to the collection tank. The overflow from the Primary Clarifier tank is then sent to the anaerobic digester tank provided with SAFF media. BOD reduction takes place in this tank. The overflow from the anaerobic digester tank is sent to the oxidation tank where air diffusion is provided 43

60 Project Description with air blower and diffuser arrangement. Biological treatment takes place in the oxidation tank. The overflow from the oxidation tank is sent to the secondary clarifier tank provided with secondary clarifier rake mechanism where the sludge settles at the bottom of the tank. The settled sludge is then pumped to the common sludge holding tank through sludge pump from where it is pumped to the common filter press unit through screw pump for dewatering purpose. The overflow from the secondary clarifier tank is sent to the clarified water tank where sodium hypochlorite dosing is done for disinfection. The clear water from the clarified water tank is pumped to the pressure sand filter & activated carbon filter in order to remove the suspended solids and odor through filter feed pump. The filtered water is used for gardening & excess water will be sent to the marine discharge Storm Water Drainage Storm water drainage channel will be proposed along the road. It is proposed to provide storm water manhole of 0.6 m X 0.6 m (20 Nos), Desilting chamber of 1.0 m x 0.8 m (3 No s) and recharge pits of 1.2 m Dia x 3.0 m Depth (22 Nos.) along the storm water drain and the excess storm water will be connected to the existing tanks at the site. The storm water drainage network is given in Annexure Solid and Hazardous Wastes During construction phase, approximately 50 Kg/ day of Municipal Solid Waste will be generated. Solid waste and scrap will be generated and will be suitably disposed off. During operation phase, the organic waste of Kg/ day and Inorganic waste of Kg/day. The detailed break up of Municipal waste to be generated is given in Table 2-8. Area proposed for waste management is 3000 Sq.m of which around 700 Sq.m will be allotted for MSW processing. The organic waste will be composted and used as manure for green belt development. The inorganic waste will be segregated by the industries and sold to Authorized recyclers. 44

61 Project Description Table 2-8 Solid & Hazardous Waste details of Allotted & Proposed Industries S. Industries Name Manufacturing Man MSW (Kg/Day) Hazardous waste Treatment No details Power Total Organic Inorganic Proposed Allotted Industries 1 M/S Kernos India Aluminate Technologies 3 Leisten Power & Infratech P. Ltd 4 Shree Tandava Lakshmi Engg Works 5 Sokeo Power P. Ltd 6 Eastern Engineering 7 Kolamala Heavy industries 8 Reframin Alumina P.Ltd., Calcium Aluminate Binder Dust from bag filters, Waste refractory lining, Waste oil, used oil from DGs Recycling and TSDF Steam Turbines Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs Engineering Waste oil, used oil Recycling Fabrication from DGs Gas Turbines Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs Structural Waste oil, used oil Recycling Machinery from DGs Engineering Waste oil, used oil Recycling Fabrication from DGs Ceramic Dust from bag filters, Recycling and Waste refractory lining, TSDF 45

62 Project Description S. Industries Name Manufacturing Man MSW (Kg/Day) Hazardous waste Treatment No details Power Total Organic Inorganic Proposed ETP sludge, Waste oil, used oil from DGs 9 Balaji Industries Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs 11 Monocast Waste oil, used oil Recycling Industries from DGs 12 Infinite Shipping & Engg ltd Engineering, Construction & Support services Waste oil, used oil from DGs Recycling Proposed Industries 13 Bulg Drugs & Pharma Pharma Process wastes, solvents, Waste oil, Recycling and TSDF used oil from DGs 14 Technology Training Centre Waste oil, used oil Recycling Center; Dev. Commissioner- MSME from DGs 15 Glass Industry Glass Glass waste, Process wastes, Waste oil, used Recycling and TSDF 46

63 Project Description S. Industries Name Manufacturing Man MSW (Kg/Day) Hazardous waste Treatment No details Power Total Organic Inorganic Proposed oil from DGs 16 Glass, Ceramic, Earthern potteries manufacturing using oil or gas fired kiln, coating on glasses using cerium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, etc., 17 Thermocol Manufacturing 18 Flexible Packaging 19 Packing materials from non asbestos fiber, vegetable fiber yarn Glass / Ceramic Process waste, Waste oil, used oil from DGs Thermocol Waste oil, used oil from DGs Cardboard Waste oil, used oil manufacturing from DGs Packaging Waste oil, used oil materials from DGs Recycling and TSDF Recycling Recycling Recycling 47

64 Project Description S. Industries Name Manufacturing Man MSW (Kg/Day) Hazardous waste Treatment No details Power Total Organic Inorganic Proposed 20 Fly ash brick unit Bricks Waste oil, used oil from DGs Recycling 21 Automobile body building 21 Cutting, Sizing & Polishing of marble stones 22 Automobile Rubber Manufacturing Automobile parts Waste oil, used oil from DGs Recycling marble stone Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs Rubber Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs 23 Commercial plot Waste oil, used oil Recycling from DGs 24 Common facilities Waste oil, used oil from DGs Recycling Total Apart from these, individual Industries will be insisted to dispose their hazardous waste generated to the common TSDF facility (M/s Coastal Waste Management project) at Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City, Parawada Village, Parawada Mandal, and Visakhapatnam District which is located approximately at 25 Km from the site. The approximate quantity of Hazardous waste to be generated from the Industrial Park is given in Table

65 Project Description Table 2-9 Proposed Quantity of Hazardous waste S. No. Hazardous Description Recyclable To TSDF waste category TPA TPA no Used / spent Oil Chemical sludge from ETP Discarded containers / barrels / 4 -- liners Process residues and waste Spent carbon / catalyst Distillation Residue MEE ATFD Salt Total PROJECT SCHEDULE The project will be implemented after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative schedule for development of Infrastructure will be 10 Months after obtaining Environmental Clearance and Consent for Establishment. The tentative project schedule is given in Table Table 2-10 Project Schedule MONTH* S.No. TASK Construction of Roads 2 Construction of Storm water Drainage 3 Construction of Water Supply Line 4 Construction of Effluent Line 5 Common Facilities 2.10 PROJECT BUDGET The estimated cost for development of Industrial Park is Rs Lakhs 49

66 Project Description Table 2-11 Cost breakup of various development activities in the site S.No Activities Proposed Expenditure (Lakhs) 1. Roads Laying of Water supply lines Storm water drains Power supply including substation LED lamps Green belt Common facilities Effluent collection system Sewage collection system Rehabilitation and Resettlement CETP CSTP Solid Waste Management Facility Env. Monitoring Programme 9 Total 2494 As per ToR issued the projection of Project cost was 2052 Lakh. Now based on the infrastructure provided namely CETP, CSTP Effluent and sewage collection system, the project cost has increased to 2494 Lakhs. 50

67 Description of Environment CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 51

68 Description of Environment 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 SCOPE OF STUDY The objective of the present study is to assess environmental impacts due to proposed Industrial Park. The area covering 10 Km radial distance around the Project site has been delineated as study area. The pre-project status of environmental quality is assessed through field surveys corresponding to different components of environment, viz. air, noise, water, land, biology/ecology and socio-economics. The current environmental quality status around the project site becomes the baseline status for proposed Project but at the same time it does include the environmental impacts from the already existing industrial area, commercial, infrastructure activities as well as residential zones in the study area. In this EIA study, the baseline status of all environmental components has been monitored during March I st Week to July IV th Week LOCATION The proposed site is located in Vishakapattinam District. The site is located 36 Km south west of Vishakapatnam. The Administrative unit within 10 km radius zone comprises of parts of Atchutapuram, Rambilli, S. Rayavaram and Yelamanchili mandals of Vishakapatnam District, Andhra pradesh. The study area (10 km radius from the project boundary) lies between N. Latitudes and and E. Longitude and and forms part of the Survey of India Toposheet Nos. 65O-02, 65K14 and 15, The project site is well connected by Railway and highway. Besides these, there is a good network of motor able roads in the study area. The administrative Map showing the project site is given in Figure

69 Description of Environment Figure 3-1 Administrative Map showing the project site 3.3 CLIMATE The climate is characterized by summer and is generally dry except during the southwest monsoon. The climate is distinguished by four seasons: Summer (from March to May) South west monsoon season (from June to September) Post monsoon season (October and November) Winter (from December to February) The district has different climatic conditions in different parts. Near Coast the air is moist and warmer in the land area and cools down in the hilly areas on account of elevation and vegetation. April to June is the warmest months. The Temperature gets down with the onset of South West Monsoon. 53

70 Description of Environment 3.4 RAINFALL The District receives annual normal rainfall of 1202 mm of which south-west monsoon accounts for 53.9% (June to September) while North-East monsoon (October to December) contributes 24.8% of the normal rainfall. The 10 years monthly rainfall for the Vishakhapatnam district has been collected from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The normal annual rainfall in the district is around mm. The study area receives fairly good amount of rainfall during Southwest monsoon. The monthly normal and yearly rainfall for the Vishakhapatnam district is presented in the Graph which is given in Figure 3-2. Figure 3-2 Monthly and Annual Rainfall pattern in Vishakhapatnam District From the above it is clear that the project area receives fairly a good amount of rainfall. Around 75 % of the rainfall occurs during South west monsoon and the remaining rainfall occurs during North east and Transitional period. Out of 10 years, 4 years the study area 54

71 Description of Environment received more than normal rainfall. Maximum rainfall was received during 2010 in the past 10 years. The probability of occurrence of normal rainfall over the study area has been studied. It is observed that the chances of receiving normal annual rainfall are in the range of 35 to 40 % over the entire study area 3.5 MICROMETEOROLOGY The study of micro-meteorological conditions of a particular region is of utmost importance to understand the variations in ambient air quality status. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants released from the plant. The persistence of the predominant wind direction and wind speed at the project site will decide the direction and extent of the air pollution impact zone. The principal variables which affect the air pollution dispersion and resultant air quality status micrometeorology are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions), convective transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area towards local influences. For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an automatic continuous digital weather station was installed at project site. The location is chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and solar radiation were recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on 8 hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for hrs, hrs, hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent sections. The wind rose for the months of March-July 2015 shows the predominant winds from south West direction. The wind directions during the study period are SW-W-WSW and SE. Accordingly, the impact zone will be spread in NE-E-ENE and NW directions. The average wind speed observed during the study period is 5.6 kmph with the considerable frequency of a wind range of calm to about 35 km/hour. During the study period calm conditions were experienced at only 2% of the time due to elevated terrain. The ambient temperature at project site ranged between C while the relative humidity range from 65-95% at project site. The meteorological data collected during 55

72 Description of Environment monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in modeling studies. Table 3-1 Meteorological observations (March-July 2015) S.No Parameter Observation 1. Wind Direction SW-W-WSW 2. Wind Speed Range 4-35 Km/hr 3. Average Wind Speed 5.6 Kmph 4. Temperature Range C 5. Average Temperature 30 o C 6. Humidity Range 60-95% Figure 3-3 Wind rose diagram of Visakhapatnam District 56

73 Description of Environment *Source: Wind Finder 57

74 Description of Environment 3.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT The objective for collecting data on baseline ambient air quality is to predict the incremental pollutant concentration that might occur during the construction and operation phase of the project. If adverse impacts are anticipated suitable mitigation measures are proposed at the design stage of the project itself. This survey gives information on type of air pollutant which will have significant impact near the vicinity of the project location. To achieve this objective 10 ambient air quality stations were selected within a radius of 10 km from the project site. The air quality stations were selected based on the predominant wind direction, wind speed and atmospheric stability category in the region which governs the plume rise and dispersion of air pollutants. Selection of the stations are also based on locations of existing sources of air pollution and sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, thickly populated residential localities, elderly homes etc., The environmental impact assessment study requires monitoring of baseline status during one season (preferably non-monsoon season). The baseline status of air environment in the study area is assessed through a systematic air quality surveillance programme. Micro-meteorological data at project site is an essential requirement during study period for proper interpretation of baseline air quality status. The same data would also be useful in prediction of impacts through mathematical models. The baseline status within the impact zone around project site has been studied through reconnaissance followed by ambient air quality survey, and continuous record of meteorological data during field survey. (Refer Table 3.1) Reconnaissance Survey Reconnaissance survey was conducted upto 10 km radius from the project site. The study area is situated in an uneven terrain with ground elevation varying from m above mean sea level. The surrounding impact zone consisting of the rural, urban and industrial areas is marked. The baseline status of air environment includes identification of specific air pollution parameters expected to have significant impacts and assessing their existing levels in ambient air within the impact zone. The baseline status of air environment with respect to the identified air 58

75 Description of Environment pollutants can be accessed through air quality monitoring program using methodically designed air monitoring network. To establish the baseline monitoring status of air environment in the study area during the period of March-July 2015, 10 AAQM locations were selected using network design criteria and monitored as per CPCB guidelines (Twice a week sampling and 24 hr continuous sampling each day). The selected sampling locations reported in Table 3-2 below. The background ambient air quality has been monitored for all the 12 parameters as per NAAQ S notified on 16 th September, Figure 3-4 shows the sampling locations within the study area. Table 3-2 Locations of the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) stations S.No Sampling station Sampling Code Geographical coordinates 1. Pudi A '53.59"N 82 58'30.82"E 2. Project Site A '24.05"N 83 0'4.95"E 3. R & R A '58.86"N Dibbapalem 82 56'0.93"E 4. Raavipalem A '19.20"N 83 2'11.95"E 5. Rambili A '15.37"N 82 56'6.62"E 6. Avasomavaram A '52.20"N 83 1'37.89"E 7. Chimalapalli A '49.00"N 83 1'5.69"E 8. Pudimadaka A '58.48"N 83 0'2.73"E 9. Krishnampalem A '33.68"N 82 56'54.21"E 10. Madduturu A '39.40"N 83 1'2.74"E Aerial distance from the site in (km) Direction with respect to site 2.7 WSW - Within Site 6.6 W 3.75 NE 8 SW 8.6 N 8.5 N 1.6 S 6.8 WSW 5.4 NNE 59

76 Description of Environment Figure 3-4 AAQ Monitoring locations in the study area Baseline Status The mean value of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), CO μg/m 3, Pb μg/m 3, O 3, NH 3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene, As and Ni at various monitoring locations during the AAQ monitoring period were monitored and tabulated in Table 3-4. The concentration of SO 2 ranged from to17.46 μg/m 3 across the sampling stations. The highest concentration of SO 2 μg/m 3 was observed at Madduturu (AAQ10). The concentration of NO 2 ranged from to μg/m 3 across the sampling stations. The concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 is well within the standards. The concentration of PM 2.5 was found to be below the permissible limit of 40 μg/m 3 at all the sampling stations. The concentrations O 3, Pb, NH 3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene, As and Ni were Below Detectable Level () at all the sampling stations. All the above parameters were observed to be well below the CPCB prescribed standards at all the sampling stations. 60

77 Description of Environment Table 3-3Test methods used for the analysis of ambient air quality parameters S.No Parameters Analytical method NAAQ standards: 2009 Annual 24 hours (μg/m 3 ) 1. Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) 2. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) 3. Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) 4. Particulate Matter (PM 10) IS: 5182 (Part - 2): 2001 (Reaff : 2006) IS 5182 (Part - 6): 2006 IS: 5182 (P- 23): 2006 IS: 5182 (P- 23): (Annual) 40 (Annual) 40 (Annual) 60 (Annual) 80 (24 Hours) 80 (24 Hours) 60 (24 hours) 100(24 hours) 5. CO IS: 5182 (Part 10) μg/m (Reaff:2006) 2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour) 6. Pb IS : 5182 (Part 22) μg/m (Reaff : 2006) 0.5(Annual) 1 (24 hours) 7. O 3 IS: 5182 (Part - 9): (8hours) 180 (1hour) 8. NH 3 APHA (air) 2 nd 400 (24 edition (Indophenolblue method) 100(Annual) hours) 9. Benzene IS: 5182 (Part 11) (Annual) 5 (Annual) (R A:2009) 10. Benzo (a) pyrene IS : 5182 (Part 22) 2004 (R A:2009) 1 (Annual) 1 (Annual) 11. Arsenic (As) APHA (air) 2 nd edition 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual) 12. Nickel (Ni) APHA (air) 2 nd edition 20 (Annual) 20 (Annual) 61

78 Description of Environment Table 3-4 Average Ambient air quality results in different locations S.No Sampling Parameters stations SO 2 NO 2 PM2.5 PM10 CO Pb O 3 NH 3 Benzene Benzo (a) As Ni μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 pyrene ng/m 3 ng/m 3 ng/m 3 1. AAQ (DL0.005) 2. AAQ (DL0.005) 3. AAQ (DL0.005) 4. AAQ (DL0.005) 5. AAQ (DL0.005) 6. AAQ (DL0.005) 7. AAQ (DL0.005) 8. AAQ (DL0.005) 9. AAQ (DL0.005) 10. AAQ (DL0.005) NAAQS 80 (24 80 ( (24 60 (24 4 (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) (DL0.05) 1 (24 (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) (DL 10) 180 (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) 400 (24 (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) 5 (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) (DL 1) 1 (Annual) 6 (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) (DL5) 20 Hours) Hours) Hours) Hours) (1 Hour) Hours) (1 Hour) Hours) (Annual) (Annual) (Annual) * Note:- Below detection limit, D.L detection limit. µg/m 3 -Micrograms per cubic meter, ng/m 3 -nanograms per cubic meter. 62

79 Description of Environment 3.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The study area comprises 10 Km radius from the site which consists of urban, rural and industrial area. The noise generated due to operation of individual process units in the industrial park can cause significant impacts on the surrounding environment including nearby residential areas. Such operations fall in the category of continuous primary sources. There are also some secondary noise sources associated with almost all types of large scale industrial projects, which are mainly vehicles used for transportation of materials as well as employees and material handling equipment at the project site. However, such sources could be categorized as intermittent noise sources. The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant (total) of all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The ambient noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding activities. The ambient noise level generally does not reflect any seasonal variation, however, the wind direction, rain, snow, fog or any other barrier as well as direction of source play significant role in regulating the noise propagation and ultimately the intensity of impact. The current status of noise environment around the proposed Industrial Park is assessed through identification of major noise sources, characterization of such noise sources, measurement of prevailing ambient noise levels in the study area and measurement of noise levels due to vehicular movements, according to existing land use pattern. The prevailing noise levels in the neighboring community areas shall represent the baseline status for assessment of noise impacts from proposed developments. The baseline study for noise environment has been carried out through reconnaissance in the impact zone, identification of representative sampling locations and monitoring of prevailing noise levels during study period Reconnaissance Survey Reconnaissance survey was conducted to locate the existing noise generating sources and identify suitable locations to evaluate background noise levels. The surrounding impact zone of 10 km radial distance consisting of the rural, urban and industrial areas is marked. State highway number SH 97 passes near the site. 63

80 Description of Environment. Noise is determined by recording the noise levels at day time and night time. Day time noise levels were recorder from 0600 to 2200 hrs and night time noise levels were recorded from 2200 to 0600 hrs. The noise levels in surrounding selected villages and junction of the state highways were monitored in and around 10Km distance at 10 locations during March to July, 2015 as represented in below Table 3-5 using precision noise level meter. The locations of noise monitoring is given in Figure 3-5. Table 3-5 Noise level Monitoring Locations S.No Sampling station Samplin g Code Date of Monitoring Geographical coordinates 1. Pudi N1 07/06/ '53.59"N 82 58'30.82"E 2. Project Site N2 08/06/ '24.05"N 83 0'4.95"E 3. R & R Dibbapalem N3 09/06/ '58.86"N 82 56'0.93"E 4. Raavipalem N4 10/06/ '19.20"N 83 2'11.95"E 5. Rambili N5 11/06/ '15.37"N 82 56'6.62"E 6. Avasomavaram N6 12/06/ '52.20"N 83 1'37.89"E 7. Chimalapalli N7 13/06/ '49.00"N 83 1'5.69"E 8. Pudimadaka N8 17/06/ '58.48"N 83 0'2.73"E 9. Krishnampalem N9 18/06/ '33.68"N 82 56'54.21"E 10. Madduturu N10 20/06/ '39.40"N 83 1'2.74"E Aerial distance from the site in (km) 2.7 WSW Direction with respect to site - Within Site 6.6 W 3.75 NE 8 SW 8.6 N 8.5 N 1.6 S 6.8 WSW 5.4 NNE 64

81 Description of Environment Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring Locations within 10 Km radius Baseline Noise Status The prevailing ambient noise levels along, the sites were monitored at 10 locations. During the study period day time noise levels varied between db (A) across the sampling stations. The noise levels across monitoring stations are presented in Table 3-6. Higher noise levels were found at Pudi village [62.5 db (A)] which may be due to the presence of industry nearby and movement of vehicles. The day time noise levels were found above limits in all the villages. This may be due to movement of vehicles in the villages. 65

82 Description of Environment Table 3-6 Noise levels in Day and Night Time S.No Location Noise level in db(a) Leq CPCB Standards in db(a) Area Day Night Day Night 1 Pudi Residential 2 Project Site Industrial 3 R & R Dibbapalem Residential 4 Raavipalem Residential 5 Rambili Residential 6 Avasomavaram Residential 7 Chimalapalli Residential 8 Pudimadaka Residential 9 Krishnampalem Residential 10 Madduturu Residential 3.8 WATER ENVIRONMENT The impacts on water environment are inherent part of any major developmental projects in two ways: one is stress on water resources (continuous withdrawal of large quantities of water) and the other is pollution impacts through discharge of effluents. These impacts may be on either or both surface and groundwater resources in the project area depending on the specific situation. To address these issues it is necessary to take a stock of available water resources in project area with respect to their existing quality as well as their supportive capacity to represent the baseline status of water environment. The standard methods prescribed for surface, groundwater sampling as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study. 66

83 Description of Environment The existing water resources, both surface and ground water with the corresponding significance are identified within the study area around proposed Project of APIIC. The representative sampling locations for surface water and groundwater are selected through reconnaissance of project area to assess the existing (pre-project) status of water quality in the study area. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological and biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are selected to assess the water quality status with special attention to raw water resources and the receiving body of the treated effluent discharge from proposed project. The standard methods prescribed for surface, groundwater sampling as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study Reconnaissance Survey Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to ascertain the location of water bodies viz streams, rivers, lakes etc., the sampling stations were chosen based on the existing pollution sources near these water bodies and threat of pollution in the future. There is no perennial water body within the study area. The monsoon season is from June August, south west monsoon season. 80% of the rainfall occurs during south west monsoon season. The agriculture practices in study area are predominantly rain fed. Ground water is used for irrigation in many parts of the study area during dry season. Groundwater is the principal source for domestic and drinking purposes in almost all villages in the study area. The prevailing status of water quality has been assessed at 8 sampling stations for ground water and 2 sampling stations for surface water were selected for the study. The monitoring locations are given in Table 3-7 and Figure

84 Description of Environment Table 3-7 Water Sampling location details S.No Locations Sampling Code Date of Monitoring Geographical coordinates 1. 07/06/2015 N Project Site GW1 E /06/2015 N Pudi GW2 E R & R 09/06/2015 N GW3 Dibbapalem E /06/2015 N Raavipalem GW4 E /06/2015 N Rambili GW5 E Avasomavar am 7. Chimalapalli GW6 GW7 12/06/2015 N E /06/2015 N E /06/2015 N Madduturu GW8 E /06/2015 N Pudimadaka SW1 E Krishnampal em SW2 20/06/2015 N E Aerial distance from the site in (km) Direction with respect to site WSW 6.6 W 3.75 NE 8 SW N N NNE S WSW 68

85 Description of Environment Figure 3-6 Water Sampling Locations within study area Table 3-8 Test methods used for the analysis of water quality parameters S.No Parameter Measured Test Method 1. ph (at 25 C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 2. Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006) 3. Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 4. Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 5. Total Alkalinity as CaCO 3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009) 6. Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) Chloride as Cl IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009) 8. Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006) 9. Aluminium as Al IS:3025 (Part - 55) 2003 (Reaff 2009) 10. Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009) 11. Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 12. Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009) 13. Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006) 14. Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006) 15. Chemical oxygen demand as O 2 IS:3025 (Part-58)

86 Description of Environment 16. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009) 17. Salinity Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009) 19. BOD,5 0 C as O B APHA 22 nd Edn Total coliform bacteria IS: (Reaff: 2009) (MPN/100ml) 21. F-Coli IS:1622, 1981 (Reaff: 2009) Baseline Water Quality Status The prevailing (pre-project) status of water quality has been assessed through identification of water resources and appropriate sampling locations for both surface and groundwater quality in study area depending on topography, surface runoff as well as natural drainage systems Physico-Chemical Characteristics Surface water The ph of the surface water was alkaline and ranged from 7.21 to 7.86 across the sampling stations. The Electrical conductivity of the sample ranged from 1420 to µs/cm across the sampling stations. The concentration of Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 922 to mg/l across the sampling stations. The concentration of chlorides varied from to mg/l across the sampling stations. The concentration of sulphate varied from to mg/l. Other parameters like Iron, Chromium Lead were well below the surface water quality standards. Ground water The ph of the ground water was alkaline and ranged from 7.17 to 8.17 across the sampling stations. The Electrical conductivity of the sample ranged from 1110 to 4220 µs/cm across the sampling stations. The EC value was the highest at GW 1 sampling station. The concentration of Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged between 584 to 2830 mg/l across the sampling stations. The highest TDS value of 2830 mg/l was observed at GW1 sampling station. The concentration of chlorides varied from to mg/l across the sampling stations. High concentration of chlorides 70

87 Description of Environment was observed at GW1 sampling station. The concentration of sulphate varied from to mg/l. The highest concentration of sulphate was recorded at GW1 sampling station. The concentration of other parameters like Chromium (mg/l), Lead (mg/l) and Total suspended Solids (mg/l) were below the detection limit 71

88 Description of Environment Table 3-9 Analytical results on Ground water samples S. No. Parameters Unit DW Standards Project site (GW-1) Pudi (GW-2) R&R Dibbapalem Ravipale m Rambili (GW-5) Avasomavara m (GW-6) Chimalapalli (GW-7) Madduturu (GW-8) Acceptable (GW-3) (GW-4) 1 Type of Source Bore Well Well Bore Well Bore Well Bore Well Bore Well Bore Well Bore Well 2 Depth Meter Colour Hazen 5 (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) 4 Turbidity NTU (DL 1 (DL 0.1) 0.1) (DL 0.1) 5 ph Conductivity µs/cm Total Dissolve Solids 8 Alkalinity as CaCO 3 9 Total Hardness as mg/l mg/l mg/l CaCo 3 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l Magnesium as mg/l Mg 12 Sodium mg/l Potassium mg/l Chloride as Cl mg/l Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l Carbonate mg/l -- NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 17 Bi carbonate mg/l

89 Description of Environment 18 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l Fluorides as F mg/l 1 (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) 20 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 21 Arsenic mg/l -- (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) 22 Cadmium mg/l -- (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 23 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 24 Copper mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 25 Iron mg/l Lead mg/l 0.1 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 27 Zinc mg/l 5 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 29 Manganese mg/l 0.1 (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 30 Nickel mg/l -- (DL 0.01) (DL (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 0.01) 31 Selenium mg/l -- (DL 0.005) (DL (DL 0.005) (DL (DL (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) 73

90 Description of Environment 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 32 Mercury mg/l -- (DL 0.001) (DL (DL 0.001) (DL (DL (DL 0.001) (DL (DL 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 33 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l -- *NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 34 COD mg/l -- (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) (DL 4.0) 35 BOD mg/l -- (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) (DL 1.0) Below Detection Limit; DL- Detection Limit Table 3-10 Analytical results on Surface water samples collected in the study area S. No. Parameters Unit DW Standards SW1 (Pudimadaka) SW2 (Krishnampalem) (Acceptable) 1 Type of Source Sea Water Lake 2 Colour Hazen 5 Colourless Colourless 3 Turbidity NTU 1 (DL 0.1) (DL 0.1) 4 ph Conductivity µs/cm Total Dissolve mg/l Solids 7 Alkalinity as mg/l

91 Description of Environment S. No. Parameters Unit DW Standards (Acceptable) SW1 (Pudimadaka) SW2 (Krishnampalem) CaCO 3 8 Total Hardness as mg/l CaCO 3 9 Calcium as Ca mg/l Magnesium as Mg mg/l Sodium mg/l Potassium mg/l Chloride as Cl mg/l Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l Carbonate mg/l -- NIL NIL 16 Bi carbonate mg/l Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l Fluorides as F mg/l 1 (DL 0.2) (DL 0.2) 19 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 20 Arsenic mg/l -- (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) 21 Cadmium mg/l -- (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 75

92 Description of Environment S. No. Parameters Unit DW Standards SW1 (Pudimadaka) SW2 (Krishnampalem) (Acceptable) 22 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 23 Copper mg/l 0.05 (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 24 Iron mg/l Lead mg/l 0.1 (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 26 Zinc mg/l Manganese mg/l 0.1 (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 28 Nickel mg/l -- (DL 0.01) (DL 0.01) 29 Selenium mg/l -- (DL 0.005) (DL 0.005) 30 Mercury mg/l -- (DL 0.001) 31 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l COD mg/l BOD mg/l

93 Description of Environment Hydrogeology The district is underlain by variety of geological formations from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. The Archaean group of rocks includes Khondalites and Charnockites of Eastern Ghat super group and Granitic gneisses of Migmatite group. The Gondwana rocks which are represented by sandstones are in very limited aerial extent. The recent alluvium is prevalent along the rivers. Prominent lineaments are trending in NE-SW, NW-SE and ENE-WSW. As per the present ground water resource estimation ( ) the total annual ground water recharge in the district is estimated to be 78,383 ham. (Command area = 11,794 ham and Non Command area = 66,689 ham) and the net annual ground water availability in the district after allowing the unavoidable natural discharges is ham (command area ham. and in Non command area 61,006 ham.) The gross ground water draft for all purposes is estimated as 23,100 ham out of which 6300 ham is in command area and 16,800 ham is in Non Command area. Thus the ground water available for future irrigation needs after allocating the ground water for future domestic and industrial needs is 38,264 ham in the entire district, which is 3,282 ham in command area and 34,982 ham in non command areas of the district. 77

94 Description of Environment Figure 3-7 Hydrogeology map of Vishakhapatnam District Source: CGWB- Ground water Brochure-Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh (September 2013) Ground water occurs in almost all geological formations. From the ground water point of view, the aquifers in the district can be broadly classified into hard formations (khondalites, charnockites, granitic gneisses etc.,) and soft formations (sand stones and alluvium). Ground water occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions in the hard formations, while it occurs under unconfined to confined conditions in soft formations. The yields in the weathered zones of hard formations range from 25 to 100 m 3 /day. The bore wells drilled in the hard formations, generally tap the fractured and fissured zones. The yields of the bore wells in these formations range between 5 to 25 m 3 /hr. Sand stones are exposed in the small isolated places around Nakkavanipalem 78

95 Description of Environment and Elamanchili. In these formations, ground water occurs under both unconfined and confined conditions. The depth of dug wells in alluvium formations ranges from 2 to 10 mbgl and the yields generally ranges from 40 to 250 m 3 /day. The depth of filter points/tube wells varies from 9 to 35 m with discharges ranging from 15 to 30 m 3 /hour. The transmissivity values of the aquifers in the consolidated formations generally vary from 1 to 772 m 2 /day, whereas specific capacity ranges from 1 to 290 lpm/mdd. Based on the stage of ground water development and the ground water level trends in each mandal they were categorized and all the mandals are categorized to be Safe Based on the water level data (year 2012) of ground water monitoring wells, pre and post monsoon depth to water levels maps are prepared and presented in Fig.No. 3-8 & 3-9 respectively. The depth to water level maps show varied water level zones due to underlying terrain and also different geological set up with complex type of hydrogeomorphical structures present in the district. Pre-monsoon (May, 2012) depth to water level map reveals, in general, the water levels are deep particularly in the hilly area of the district. Depth to water levels varies from 5 to 10 mbgl, except at Chintapalli, where water level recorded mbgl. In the southern part of the district i.e., near to the coast, the water levels are comparatively shallow (<5.00m) except in Payakaraopeta and Nakkapalli mandals where it is in between 5 and 10m bgl. Figure 3-8 shows the depth of water level for pre-monsoon 79

96 Description of Environment Source: CGWB- Ground water Brochure-Visakapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh (September 2013) Figure 3-8 Depth to water level Pre-monsoon (May 2012) Visakhapatnam district During the post monsoon period (November, 2012), in general, the water levels follow nearly same trend. Water levels in the most part of northern area show less than 5 m. except at Potinamallaya Palem (5.80 m). The Shallow water levels, <2m, were observed in South-Western part of the district. The shallow water level was recorded at Addaroddu (0.30 m). The shallow water levels in the area might be due to location of wells close to surface water bodies/ in topographic low levels. From the trend of both pre and post monsoon levels it can be safely concluded that the area, in general, is not prone to water logging. Figure 3-9 shows the depth of water level for post monsoon. 80

97 Description of Environment Source: CGWB- Ground water Brochure-Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh (September 2013) Figure 3-9 Depth to water level Post-monsoon (May 2012) Visakhapatnam district The seasonal water level fluctuation varies from 0.03 m. (G.K.Veedhi) to 14.22m. (Chintapallii). In general, the seasonal fluctuation is more in the hilly area compared to coastal plains. Water level fluctuation between decadal mean of May ( ) Vs May 2012 shows a total number of 34 wells show rise in water levels between 0.03 m to 4.65 m and water level fall in 03 wells between 0.20 m to 4.00 m. Water level fluctuation between decadal mean of November ( ) Vs November, 2012 shows water level rise in 15wells ranging from 0.02m to 1.37m and fall in 19wells ranging from 0.10 in to 3.69m. The water table elevation ranges between <1 m amsl (Bheemunipatnam) and 927 m amsl (Dimbriguda). The water table contours 81

98 Description of Environment are almost parallel to the topographic contours. The general ground water flow direction is towards southeast directing towards the sea Drainage and water Bodies of the Study Area Surface water plays major role in irrigation when compared to the ground water source. The project site is located among number of streams. There is no major river within 10 km of the project site. The drainage of the study area is mostly controlled by the structural features. Among the different drainage pattern the noteworthy are sub-parallel. Streams flowing in the low lying tracts have been bounded on one side and serve as storage tanks for collection of rain water. The rivers and streams are forms part of the major recharge system. Figure 3-10 shows the drainage and water bodies within 10 Km of the project site. 82

99 Description of Environment Figure 3-10 Drainage & Water body 83

100 Description of Environment 3.9 LAND ENVIRONMENT In general any major developmental projects related to industrial sector are expected to cause direct and indirect impacts on land environment, which could be attributed to mainly change in land use pattern (direct and indirect) as well as pollution impacts due to disposal of solid/hazardous wastes on the land and discharge of wastewater either on to land (direct impacts) or in to surface water resources. Moreover, impacts on agriculture land/vegetation are also expected due to fallout of air pollutants in case of excessive emissions beyond certain limit (indirect impacts). Accordingly, for impact assessment on land component, it is pertinent to study the existing landuse pattern in project area, soil characteristics and details of estimated waste generation from proposed new activities including the impacts on soil with respect to land application/disposal of solid/hazardous wastes and the consequential impacts on the surrounding terrestrial and aquatic environment Site Geology Geologically the study area (10 km radius) comprises of the following rock types. Alluvium-Clay Dominent, Alluvium Sand silt dominent, Gneiss and Khondalite.The project site is located in Khondalite. Figure 3-11 shows the Geological formation in the study area. Figure 3-11 Geological formation in the study area 84

101 Description of Environment Physiography Geomorphologically the district can be divided into three regions, viz., and northern hilly terrain with valleys, middle pediplains and alluvial coastal plains. The northern half of the district is mainly occupied by the structural hills and valleys, which is part of the Eastern Ghats. The hill range trends parallel to coast. The average altitude of hills is over 900 m amsl (above mean sea level). The hills are densely forested. By virtue of their topography, these hilly terrains largely form run off areas and are not suitable for ground water development. The valley fills areas underlain by weathered formations in the Araku and Paderu areas posses high infiltration and high permeability. These areas form good to moderate aquifers depending on their thickness. The hard rock terrain exposed in the Tandava- Varaha- Sarada-Gosthani river basins constitutes the vast denudational pediplains, exhibiting the gradational phase of denudational- residual - inselberg pediment areas. Pediment is well developed around the khondalite outcrops, whereas in the charnockite outcrops, it is not extensively developed. The pediment area accelerates surface run off with moderate to less infiltration along the jointed and weathered zone. The Tandava, Varaha, Sarada and Gosthani rivers andtheir tributaries have contributed to the formation of extensive flood plain areas. There is not much surface drainage in the plains because of the high infiltration and permeable characteristics of the sediments. The district has a coastline of about 132 km. The coastal plain is a feature of the marine deposition, which is very extensive, wide and even extends to several kilometers inland. The coastline is broken by a number of bold headlands, which protect the land against constant erosion by the sea. Figure3-12 shows the Physiography of the site area. 85

102 Description of Environment Figure 3-12 Physiography of the site area Land Use Land use information of an area in the form of map and statistical data are very vital for spatial analysis, planning, management and utilization of land for agriculture, forestry, urban and industrial planning. The level of spatial classification is classed under 4 categories. They are Level 1 with 1:1 million scale, Level 2 with 1:250,000 scale, Level 3 with 1:50,000 scale and level with 1:25,000 or larger scale. The cost and availability of data and purpose for which the land use classification is to be taken up is important for taking up the level of classification. In the present study Level 3 classification is made which is fairly a good classification of urban and industrial planning. However, level 4 classifications is the ultimate for all kind of planning and management. Owing to the exorbitant cost and time of obtaining the Satellite Data from the concerned agencies, the present land use classification has been restricted to level 2. For the preparation of land use map IRS P6 LISS-III Satellite data has been procured from NRSC, Hyderabad. At most care has been taken to select the cloud free satellite 86

103 Description of Environment data. The recent digital data dated March-2013 has been taken for the preparation of land use mapping. Visual interpretation technique has been adopted for land use classification based on the interpretation keys suggested in the guidelines of NNRMS, Bangalore. The land use of the study area reflects the socio-economic conditions of the people in addition to the natural environmental factors. The factors controlling the land use pattern of the area are land forms, slope, shape of the land, soil, natural resources and natural and manmade hazards. In the hills of the study area there is no dense vegetation. Vegetation consists of thorny bushes and shrubs. The uncultivable area includes barren and non-cultivable waste. The crop land occupies 70.8% of the study area followed by Scrub Forest (14.12 %). Fallow land occupies 6.1 % and Plantation occupies 3.03 % of study area. The land use classification within 15 Km of the project site is given in Table 3-11 and Figure Table 3-11 Land use Classification Land use Area in Sq.m Area in percentage Crop Land Plantation Fallow Land Land with Scrub Land without Scrub Scrub Forest Barren Land Beach Sand Salt Pan Built-up Land Water body Total

104 Description of Environment Figure 3-13 Land Use Map of the project site 88

105 Description of Environment 3.10 SOIL ENVIRONMENT The different soils in the district are red loams, sandy loams, sandy soils and black cotton soils. Red loamy soils are predominant and occupy about 70% in the district. Sandy loamy soils are largely confined to the coastal areas and to certain stretches in the interior mandals of Chodavaram, Narsipatnam, K.Kotapadu and Madugula. Black cotton soils occur in parts of K.Kotapadu, Devarapalli, Chedikada, Paderu and Hukumpeta mandals Soil Type The district is underlain by variety of geological formations from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. The Archaean group of rocks includes Khondalites and Charnockites of Eastern Ghat super group and Granitic gneisses of Migmatite group. The Gondwana rocks which are represented by sandstones are in very limited aerial extent. The recent alluvium is prevalent along the rivers. Red Loamy soils predominate with coverage of 69.9% of the villages of the district. The Soils are poor textured and easily drained. Sandy loamy soils come next with 19.2% villages coverage, largely confined to the coastal areas of Nakkapalli, Payakaraopeta, S.Rayavaram, Rambilli, Atchutapuram, Paravada, Visakhapatnam, Pedagantyada, Gajuwaka and Bheemunipatnam Mandals and to certen streches in the interior Mandals of Chodavaram, Narsipatnam, K.Kotapadu and Madugula. Black cotton soils come up next having sizeable chunks of area in K.Kotapadu, Devarapalli, Cheedikada, Paderu and Hukumpeta Mandals. 45% of the soils in the district are low in organic content and 55% in Phosphorous content. Figure 3-14 shows the soil classification. 89

106 Description of Environment Figure 3-14 Soil Classification Soil Monitoring Soil type and its fertility of an area are essential to plan for cropping. Soils are primarily derived from parent rocks. The colour, texture and mineral content are normally used to classify the soils. The soil sampling location are provided in Table Google map showing the soil sampling locations is given in Figure S.No Sampling Location Code Location Table 3-12 Soil Sampling Locations Date of Monitoring GPS coordinates 1. S1 Project Site 07/06/2015 N E S2 Pudi 08/06/2015 N E S3 R & R 09/06/2015 N Dibbapalem E S4 Raavipalem 10/06/2015 N E Aerial distance from the site in (km) - - Direction with respect to site 2.7 WSW 6.6 W 3.75 NE 90

107 Description of Environment S.No Sampling Location Code Location Date of Monitoring GPS coordinates 5. S5 Rambili 11/06/2015 N E S6 Avasomavar 12/06/2015 N am E S7 Chimalapalli 13/06/2015 N E S8 Madduturu 17/06/2015 N E S9 Pudimadaka 18/06/2015 N E S10 Krishnampal 20/06/2015 N em E Aerial distance from the site in (km) 8 SW 8.6 N 8.5 N 5.4 NNE 1.6 S Direction with respect to site 6.8 WSW Figure 3-15 Google map showing soil sampling locations 91

108 Description of Environment The ph of the soil samples ranged from 6.47 to 7.43 across the sampling stations. The Electrical conductivity of the soil samples ranged from to µs/cm across the sampling stations. The E.C value was the highest at S4 sampling stations. The water holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 15 to 42 (%W/W). Other parameters like Mercury, Total Chromium (mg/l), were below the detection limit. The soil quality at different locations within the study are is given in Table

109 Description of Environment S. No Parameter Unit Project site Pudi 1 Colour Brown Reddi sh Brow n 2 Soil Texture Sandy Table 3-13 Soil quality in the study area R & R Dibbapale m Reddish Brown 93 Ravipalem Brown Rambili Reddish Brown Avasoma varam Chimal apalli Maddut uru Brown Brown Reddish Brown Pudima daka Brown Krishnam palem Loam Loam Clay loam Silt Sandy Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Loam Loam Clay loam Loam 3 Sand % Silt % Clay % ph Electrical umhos/ conductivity cm 8 Infiltration cm/hr Rate 9 Bulk Density gm/cc Cation Exchange Capacity meq/10 0 gm 11 Moisture % content 12 Water % Holding Capacity 13 Organic % Carbon 14 Organic % matter 15 Nitrogen as % N 16 Phosphorus % Brown

110 Description of Environment S. No Parameter Unit Project site Pudi R & R Dibbapale m Ravipalem Rambili Avasoma varam Chimal apalli Maddut uru Pudima daka Krishnam palem 17 Potassium % Calcium % Magnesium % Boron mg/kg Cadmium mg/kg Copper mg/kg Chromium mg/kg Iron mg/kg Lead mg/kg Manganese mg/kg Zinc mg/kg

111 Description of Environment 3.11 BASELINE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Baseline biological survey was carried out to assess the ecology of the study area. The floral diversity is grouped into trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs and aquatic plants. Similarly the faunal diversity is grouped into mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The study area has open forest cover in the western region Floral Biodiversity in the Study Area The study experiences hot climate during summer and cooler winter due to absence of thick forest cover in the region. Large tracts of land in the region are under rice cultivation. Forest types found in the study area predominantly scrub forests are found distributed in the few patches in the NW and SW to the site. Social forestry development induced Eucalyptus plantations can be seen in Northern and eastern region to the site. Plant species of Cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), Palm trees (Arecaceae) and Coconut (Cocos nucifera) are predominantly distributed in the study area. The biodiversity study was conducted to provide information on flora present in the study area. The study was conducted in places situated within a radius of 10 km from the site. The list of places covered were Pudi, Pudimadaka, Vijayaramapalem, Rambilli, R&R Site, Dibbapalem, Narsapuram, Dharipalem, Venkatapuram, Sitapalem, Lovapalem, Dippaturu. The various species of flora and fauna recorded in the study are tabulated Trees A number of tree species was observed in the study area which is given in the below table. Table 3-14 Summary of Trees recorded in the study area S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu ) 1. Anacardium occidentale Cashew Munthamamidi 2. Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina Saragudu 3. Borassus flabellifer Palm TaatiMunjalu 4. Cocos nucifera Coconut Kobbarichettu 5. Magnifera indica Mango Mamidi 95

112 Description of Environment S.No Botanical name English name Local name (Telugu ) 6. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Marri 7. Techtona grandis Teak Teku 8. Phoenix sylvestris Wild date palm Itha 9. Bambusa bambo Bamboo Bongu veduru 10. Ficus religiosa Pee pal Raavi 11. Entero lobiumsaman Rain tree Nidraganneru 12. Eucalyptus globules Eucalyptus Jamayul 13. Acacia nilotica Babool Nalatuma (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Shrubs The study area has patches of shrub forest in many places therefore number of shrubs where recorded during the study. Shrubs encountered during the survey are given in the Table Table 3-15 Summary of Shrubs recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Senna auriculata Tanner's Cassia Tagedu 2. Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow Tuturabenda 3. Ageratum conyzoides Goat weed Pumpillu 4. Allophylus cobbe Indian Allophylus Erraavalu 5. Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Mahaveera 6. Breyniavitis-ideaea Phyllanthaceae Erra-balli 7. Carissa carandas Karanda Kalivi 8. Calycopteris floribunda Paper flower climber Bontateega, Adavijama, Pottengi 9. Cipadessa baccifera Ranabili CheduBira 10. Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kodisha 11. Clerodendron phlomidis Arni Tekkali, Nelli 12. Dichrosta chyscinerea Sickle Bush Velthuru 13. Dodona eaviscosa Hop Bush Puli-vailu, Bandam, Gollapulleda 14. Drypetess epiaria Wild Caper Bush Bira 96

113 Description of Environment S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 15. Gymnosporia spinosa Bharati Danti 16. Holarr henapubescens Indrajao Tedlapala 17. Hugo niamystax Tomentose Pisangi, Kakibira, 18. Jatropha curcas Physic Nut Nepalamu 19. Lawsonia inermis Henna Gorintaku (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Herbs The herbaceous vegetation observed in the study area are given below Table 3-16 Herbs recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Parthenium hysterophorus, Carrot Grass Chandani 2. Adenostemma lavenia Sticky Daisy Jangli-jira 3. Aerva lanata Mountain knot grass Pindikonda 4. Bidens pilosa Beggar tick Phutium 5. Cleome viscosa Asian spider flower Kukka-vaminta 6. Corchorus aestuans East Indian mallow NelaBera 7. Grangea maderaspatana Madras Carpet Mastaru 8. Gynura crepidioides Thickhead Tera paibi 9. Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Nagadanthi 10. Triumfetta rhomboidea Burr bush Dekki (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Aquatic Plants The aquatic plants observed in the study area are given below Table 3-17 Aquatic plants in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Eichornia crassipes Water hyacinth Budagatamara 97

114 Description of Environment 2. Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Neeruveniki 3. Hydrilla verticillata Water thyme valakada 4. Nymphaea pubescens Pink water lily Thamara 5. Nymphaea nouchali Blue water lily Neelambal (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Mammals The various wild mammalian species observed in the study area are given in Table 3-18 Table 3-18 Mammals recorded in the study area S.No Zoological name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Felis chaus Jungle cat Adavipilli 2. Herpestes javanicus Asian Small Mongoose Mungisa 3. Funambulus palmarum Three-striped palm squirrel Uduta 4. Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Choura Pilli 5. Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Alawa 6. Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Nakka 7. Hystrix indica Indian Crested Porcupine Yedupandi 8. Rattusrattus Common rat Eluka (Source: State Fauna Series, Part-2 (Mammals and Marine &Estuarine Fishes, 2004), Fishes Fishes encountered during the survey are given in the below Table 3-19 Table 3-19 Fishes present near in the study area S.No Scientific name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Megalops cyprinoides Indo-Pacific Tarpon Kudinga 2. Elops nlachllata Ladyfish Jallugu 3. Notopterus notopterus Grey feather back Ulakathatta 4. Anguilla bengalellsis Long finned eel Malugu 5. Ompok bimaculatus Indian Butter Fish Bonke 98

115 Description of Environment (Source: Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences - ISSN ) Birds The various species of birds observed in the study area are given in Table 3-20 Table 3-20 Birds recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Phalacrocoraxfuscicollis Indian Cormorant Neeti kaki 2. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Egret 3. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Gogariyellichi 4. Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo Koyila 5. Bubo nipalensis Forest Eagle Owl Gudlaguva 6. Dinopium benghalense Golden-backed Woodpecker Vadrangi pitta 7. Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul Turaka-pigli-pitta 8. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Pigli-pitta 9. Corvus splendens House Crow Kaki (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Reptiles The various species of reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table Table 3-21 Reptiles recorded in the study area S.No Scientific name Common Name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Tonda 2. Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake Jerripothu 3. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Udumu 4. Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Balli 5. Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko Nallikeechu 99

116 Description of Environment 6. Ahaetulla mycterizans Common Green Whip Snake Jerripothu 7. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Usaravilli 8. Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Tonda 9. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Katlapamu (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Amphibians The various species of amphibians observed in the study area are given in Table 3-22 Table 3-22 Amphibians recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1 Rana temporaria Common frog Kappa 2 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian green frog Godrukappa 3 Fejervarya kudremukhensis Cricket frog Kappa 4 Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian burrowing frog Kappa 5 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skipper frog Chettukappa 6 Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's bullfrog Kappa (Source: Data recorded from site observations) Insects The various species of insects observed in the study area are given in the Table 3-23 Table 3-23 Insects recorded in the study area S.No Scientific Name English name Vernacular name (Telugu) 1. Oecophylla smaragdina Weaver ant Netacimala 2. Paratrechina longicornis Longhorn crazy ant Gandruchima 3. Monomorium floricula Flower ant Puspamchima 4. Solenopis invicta Fire ant 5. Tetra morium guineense Guinea ant Giniyacimala 6. Pieris rapae Cabbage Butterfly Cabbage seethakokachilaka 100

117 Description of Environment 7. Papilio demoleus Lime butterfly Akuchilaka 8. Coccinella magnifica Ladybird beetle Arudrapurugu 9. Panagaeus cruxmajor Ground beetle Pedapurugu 10. Ceratogomphus pictus Dragon fly Tuniga 11. Eurythyrea austriaca Jewel beetle Boddenka (Source: Data recorded from site observations) 3.12 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Demographic Profile According to the 2011 census, Visakhapatnam district has a population of 42,88,113. The district has a population density of 384 inhabitants per square kilometer (990/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade was 11.89%. Visakhapatnam has a sex ratio of 1003 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.7%. Visakhapatnam district has a population of 4,288,113 people of which 57.95% is urban as of 2011 census. Table 3-24 Demographic Profile of Visakhapatnam District Population 42,88,113 Males 21,40,872 Females 21,47,241 Growth( ) 15.36% Rural 22,50,655 Urban 20,37,458 Scheduled Caste Population 2,91,219 (7.6%) Scheduled Tribe population 5,57,572 (14.55%) Source: Census

118 Description of Environment Social Indicators Decadal growth There was change of percent in the population compared to population as per In the previous census of India 2001, Visakhapatnam District recorded increase of percent to its population compared to Sex ratio With regards to Sex Ratio in Visakhapatnam, it stood at 1006 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 985. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 961 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 976 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data Density The District has Density of population of 343 per Sq.Km Urban population Out of the total Visakhapatnam population for 2011 census, percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 2,035,922 people lives in urban areas of which males are 1,025,676 and females are 1,010,246. Sex Ratio in urban region of Visakhapatnam district is 985 as per 2011 census data Literacy rate in 2001, in It is second highest literacy of the state, next to Hyderabad (80.96). But the literacy rate of united AP state is Female literacy for the district is The district has good number of primary education facilities and they are all accessible. The dropout rate of the district for primary classes is at par with the dropout rate of the state. The dropout rate of girls are lower when compare to the boys. The table shows the enrolment figure of the district and the state. 102

119 Description of Environment Table 3-25 Type of schools in the Rambili Mandal Type of Schools Total Schools Total Enrolment Govt. Private Govt. Private Primary Primary+ Upper Primary Primary+IP+Sec+HS UP+Sec+HS Primary+ UP+ Sec UP+Sec Source: (District Information system for Education) DISE Report Higher Education There are 426 Junior colleges in the district. No. of Engineering colleges are 154(as per AP State council of higher education ) and Poly technical colleges are 16(Commissioner of technical education ) available in the district Health There are no serious/contagious diseases found in the district. Polio and Leprosy have been completely eradicated. The district has good health facilities. They avail good health facilities. Some of the health indicators of the district are as follows: The Crude birth rate (year 2003) is 22, Crude death rate is 7, The infant Mortality rate (IMR) is 38, Maternal Mortality rate is 129 (per live births) Institutional delivery is 99%. Table 3-26 Availability of health facilities in the district 1 No. of P.H.C.s (Rural) 48 2 No. of Sub-Centers No of Area hospitals 4 103

120 Description of Environment 4 No of CHCs 10 3 No of district hospitals 1 4 District TB centre 1 5 No. of Unani Hospitals and Clinics 15 6 No. of Homeopathy Hospitals 7 7 No.of private hospitals Total number beds in Govt. hospitals Total number beds in private hospitals Ambulances FDHS vehicles Total blood banks 10 Source: National Rural Health Mission Economy The per capita income (PCI) of Andhra Pradesh with 13 districts during is Rs.85,797 according to the provisional estimates of the Socio Economic Survey taken up by the Planning Department. Interestingly it is greater than the national average of Rs.74,380. Visakhapatnam with a per capita income of Rs.1,13,860 tops all the districts. In , per capita income in Visakhapatnam district was Rs 41,127, and rose to Rs 1,13,860 by , a growth of 176 per cent Agriculture Agriculture is the main stray of nearly 70% of the households. Though Visakhapantam city is industrially developing, the rural areas continued to be backward. Rice is a staple food of the people and Paddy is therefore the principal food crop of the district followed by Ragi, Bajra and Jowar and Cash Crops such as Sugarcane, Groundnut, Sesamum Niger and Chillies are important. Since there is no Major Irrigation system, only about 36% of the cropped area is irrigated under the Ayacut of the Medium Irrigation System and Mimnor Irrigation Tanks. The rest of the cultivated area is covered under dry crops depending upon the vagaries of the monsoon. The productivity of the crops is low. 104

121 Description of Environment Table 3-27 Land Utilization Land Utilization particulars Forest Barren and Un Cultivable land Land put to Non Agricultural Uses Culturable Waste Permanent pastures and Other Grass land Land under Miscellaneous tree crops and groves not included in net area sown Current Fallows Other Fallow lands Net Area Sown Total Geographical area Total Cropped Area Area Sown More than Once Source: Krishi Vigyan Kendra Fishing It is another important economic activity of the fishermen population living in about 59 fishery villages and hamlets on coastline stretching to a length of

122 Description of Environment KMs. covering 11 coastal mandals. About 13,000 fishermen livelihood depend on marine, Inland and brackish water fishing besides catching fish living around Thandava and Raiwada reservoirs Livestock Total Livestock (all Categories): lakhs, Cattle lakhs, Buffaloes lakhs and Sheep & Goats lakhs, Poultry lakhs are important for the livelihood of the considerable population. 106

123 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 107

124 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION Once identified, anticipated impacts are analyzed and evaluated based on available information. The method used for evaluating the overall importance of impacts is based on four fundamental criteria: a. Nature (positive or negative, and direct or indirect); b. Duration (temporary or permanent); c. Area extent (regional, local, or isolated); and d. Intensity (low, moderate, or high). These criteria enable the determination of the overall importance or significance (low, moderate, or strong negative/positive) of each impact identified. Even if a particular evaluation is merely based on a value judgment rather than quantitative data that is not available, the methodology enables the establishment of acceptable levels and defines necessary mitigation and monitoring measures to minimize or eliminate impacts Nature of Impact The nature of the impact can be described as positive or negative. Positive impacts enhance the quality or facilitate access to baseline socioeconomic and environmental elements as described in the above chapter, while negative impacts degrade their quality or limit access. Impacts are also described as direct or indirect. A direct impact appears as an immediate result of a project activity, such as the damage to vegetation caused by the development of project land. An indirect impact arises from a project activity at the secondary level, such as the enhanced opportunities for economic development enabled by the project Duration of Impact The duration of an impact can be temporary or permanent. Careful attention has been made to distinguish between the duration and the source of the impact. For example, a source of impact of short duration (such as turbidity of river water caused by storm runoff from the construction site during construction) can exert an impact of permanent duration on the downstream environment (sedimentation of the riverbed). 108

125 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The presence and operation of the infrastructure works generally impose impacts of permanent duration Aerial Extent of Impact The aerial extent of an impact refers to its area of influence and can be regional, local, or isolated to a particularly small and well defined area. An impact of regional extent exerts an influence far beyond the surroundings of the project area. The local area of influence refers to the communities of the North and South west affected by the project. And lastly, an isolated impact is limited in extent to a small, readily defined area or experienced by a small number of individuals Intensity of Impact The intensity of an impact concerns the scale or size of the impact on socioeconomic and environmental elements such as the productivity of natural habitat, a community, or the utilization of resources. Intensity is evaluated as low, moderate or high. Impacts are evaluated as a function of how they affect the overall integrity of elements and their vulnerability to degradation or loss in value. 4.2 IMPACTS DUE TO DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PARK Impacts on Agriculture and Land Use Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: Restricted access to the site due to construction activities will have a negative short term effect on local people currently using the land for cattle grazing. Indirect Effects: Industrial Park construction will create food needs for workers. Some farmers can be benefitted from the sale of necessary goods and services. This positive impact will, however, be minor and temporary, exerting an impact only during the construction phase. Cumulative Effects: The social tension could intensify as access to the park becomes even more restricted once the industrial park construction begins. Mitigation Measures: The industrial park manager should implement a compensation plan for local residents currently using the land within the park 109

126 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures boundaries in order to minimize negative impacts associated with the loss of productive use of the land Operation Phase Direct Effects: Industrial Park operation, as well as activities associated with the industrial Park, will create opportunities to sell agriculture and fisheries products that will enhance the development of public markets in Rambilli mandal. Indirect Effects: The nearby villagers use the land and raise livestock on areas within the park who will lose access to park land, which will cause a significant loss. This impact will be more significant to subsistence level live stock production. To further exacerbate the situation, increased population growth as people are attracted to employment opportunities offered by the industrial park will cause an increased demand for land, agricultural products in the mandal. A reduction in agricultural potential combined with increased demand will cause food prices to rise, and this will aggravate poverty problems already observed in the community, particularly for children. Cumulative Effects: With regard to the impact of cumulative effects on livestock production, the other new permanent settlements will place an additional negative impact on loss of grazing land, as well as an increased need for additional food (and resulting higher prices for food). The indirect positive impacts will be that farmers in surrounding communities of the industrial area, and new settlements will have access to a much larger market and will be able to set higher prices, especially as agricultural production decreases in the immediate project area due to farmers becoming factory workers and prime agricultural lands are taken by other development. Mitigation Measures: Monetary compensation to individuals for loss of land (short-term), training to enable local residents to have skilled jobs associated with the park in the medium term (6-12 months), and in the long term the relocation of farmers to new areas to farm. The implementation of a comprehensive resettlement package will minimize the significant negative impacts on agricultural activity. 110

127 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impacts on Health and Safety Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: The construction of industrial park, including the transport of products and supplies to the project site, will increase the risk of traffic and/or worker accidents. With the implementation of an occupational health and safety program and adequate road accident preventive and safety measures, these impacts are minor. Indirect Effects: Transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, can increase due to the interaction of outside workers with the local population during industrial park construction. Mitigation Measures: The construction manager will prepare and implement a Health and Safety Plan (HASP) to ensure health and safety during both construction and operation phase of the industrial park. This will also include the provision of training on best practices for plant workers in order to minimize risks, and awareness raising information on STDs and HIV/AIDS. Workers who fail to comply with safety guidelines should be terminated after repeated warnings are issued. Access to the site will be controlled at all times to prevent entry and possible injury from persons not associated with the project. Security of the site will be the responsibility of the construction contractor. The construction contractor will provide sufficient onsite drinking water, sanitation facilities, and wash and change facilities. All site personnel shall have personal protection equipment, including hard hat, safety glasses, hearing protection and reflective vest Operation Phase Direct Effects: The path of the power distribution lines is not known at the time this Industrial Park was developed; thus, it is not possible to fully evaluate their impact. However, the discussion below provides a general perspective on anticipated impacts, and suggested guidelines to promote environmental, health and safety protection for electric power transmission and distribution lines. 111

128 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Electric field strength is produced by voltage, and increases in strength as voltage increases. It is measured in volts per meter (V/m). Electric fields are shielded by materials that conduct electricity, and other materials, such as trees and building materials. Magnetic fields result in the flow of electric current and increase as current increases. Magnetic fields pass through most materials and are difficult to shield. Both electric and magnetic fields decrease rapidly with distance. The electromagnetic field (EMF) of power distribution systems typically has a frequency in the range of hertz (Hz), and is considered Extremely Low Frequency (ELF). Although there is public and scientific concern over the potential health effects associated with exposure to EMF, there is no empirical data demonstrating adverse health effects from exposure to typical EMF levels from power transmissions lines and equipment. However, while the evidence of adverse health risks is weak, it is still sufficient to warrant limited concern. Production and manufacturing, storage, transportation also involves health impacts to the staff/ workers. Mitigation Measures: Recommendations include the following measures: Evaluate the potential exposure to the public against the recommended levels developed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and maintain average and peak hour s levels below the ICNIRP recommendations for General Public Exposure. Consider siting new facilities so as to avoid or minimize exposure to the public. Place transmission lines or other high voltage equipment above or adjacent to residential property or other locations intended for highly frequent human occupancy such as schools or offices should be avoided. If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommend exposure limits, application of engineering techniques should be considered to reduce the EMF produced by power lines, substations, or transformers. Some of the examples include: Shielding with specific metal alloys; 112

129 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Burying transmission lines; Increasing height of transmission towers; and Modifications to size, spacing, and configuration of conductors Impacts on Soil and Erosion Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: During construction activities, oil contamination may be caused by oil leakages from heavy equipment, improper handling of petroleum products and fuel spillage during dispensing. Contamination may also occur from the improper disposal of used oils, hydraulic fluids, toxic and empty containers. Some activities involving site installation, stock piles and fill site preparation, and drainage excavation will temporarily cause soil destabilization. Cumulative Effects: The past action of land clearing within the industrial park has left bare soil vulnerable to erosion. Mitigation Measures: It is recommended that appropriate vegetation be planted along within the project area to promote soil stabilization. A green belt along the site boundary and near the water tanks for approximately 5 meters (M) will be maintained. Source sites for sand, gravel and rock will be revegetated following construction. The construction contractor will prepare a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) to mitigate storm runoff and soil erosion throughout the site Operation Phase Direct Effects: Abandoned cement stone aggregated, or gravel littered around stock pile and staging areas after construction of the park may change the soil structure. Similarly de-vegetated areas may increase soil erosion. Improper drainage patter will lead to soil erosion. Mitigation Measures: It is recommended that appropriate vegetation be planted along roads within the project area to promote soil stabilization, as during the construction phase mentioned above. A vegetated buffer zone of approximately 5 M has to be maintained on either side of the stream passing through the site. 113

130 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Proper storm water drainage system will be established with rainwater harvesting pits and desilting chamber Impacts on Vegetation Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: Some shrubs and herbaceous cover will be removed as the area is resurfaced for drainage, as well as the creation of staging areas, stock piles, and fill sites. Poor disposal of toxic waste and petroleum products may hamper normal growth of vegetation in these areas. Cumulative Effects: Some of the vegetation of the industrial area will be cleared off owing to the construction. This will exacerbate erosion from construction for the Industrial Park. The number of trees available at site is given in Table 4-1 Table 4-1 Number of trees available at site S.No Name of the Tree Nos. 1 Cashew nut trees Palm Trees 58 3 Coconut Trees Teak trees 5 5 Sapota Trees 25 6 Panasa Trees 9 7 Other Trees 1585 Total 3045 Care will be taken to the maximum to retain the trees available at site. Mitigation Measures: Recommendations include the installation of drop pans at petroleum product dispensing points, the storage of potential pollutants such as fuel, oil, and chemicals on sealed surfaces to prevent soil contamination and the collection and recycling used oil and lubricants, where possible, by the construction work team. The construction contractor will maintain a vegetated buffer zone approximately 5 M wide on the boundary of the site to mitigate the 114

131 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures impact on vegetation from construction activities. Large trees should be left along the perimeter of the park boundary Operation Phase Direct Effects: Few negative impacts on vegetation within the industrial park are anticipated during the operational phase of proposed action. This is largely because at this point, most of the vegetation will have been removed during the pre-construction and construction phases. Cumulative Effects: The construction of industrial park, will significantly increase the population of the area that in turn would put increased pressure on wood resources for cooking and building materials. In addition, the increased population anticipated in the area will undoubtedly create additional sewage and solid waste that will threaten the downstream ecosystem if not managed properly. Mitigation Measures: Any replanting on the site will directly benefit local vegetation. The benefits to vegetation will improve over a 1 to 5 year period as the vegetation established in mitigation measures for construction become an efficient means of stabilization and water retention. Associated protection measures could include stringent requirements for wastewater treatment and solid waste facilities. Mitigation measures include a re-vegetation plan as part of EMP. Large trees will be left along the border of the park to provide shade and fruit for park workers and residents Impacts on Wildlife, Habitat, and Biodiversity Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct and Indirect Effects: The impacts on terrestrial wildlife in the project area are considered minor as little to no loss of natural habitat will occur. Continued road construction to access the project site will temporarily increase sediment loading to the water tanks. However, given that the exposed embankments, are currently contributing sediment loading to the tanks, the additional amount from construction activities is relatively small. 115

132 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures: Recommendations previously mentioned to minimize erosion and vegetation loss, and protect river environments will help minimize impacts to wildlife, habitat, and biodiversity Operation Phase Impacts on terrestrial and aquatic wildlife after construction are considered insignificant Impacts on Water Quality Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: Water quality of the nearby streams may be negatively impacted during industrial park construction and road construction by contamination from fuel leakages and improper disposal of toxic substances and petroleum products. Erosion from construction activity could cause sedimentation. These impacts are of short duration, since the construction activities are expected to end within less than six months time. Cumulative Effects: Past actions to prepare for development of the Industrial Park will exacerbate erosion and sedimentation from construction. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate impacts, the construction contractor will prepare an action plan to control storm runoff and soil erosion throughout the site. A buffer zone of at least 5 M will be maintained between construction activity (including worker sanitation facilities) and the tanks. If necessary, silt screens will be installed to minimize sediment and soil entering the water tanks. To the maximum construction activities should be taken during dry months. All potential pollutants, hazardous materials, petroleum products, lubricants, hydraulic oil, paints, and coatings, shall be stored in an approved container and placed on a sealed surface with containment dikes to prevent soil and water contamination. A temporary impermeable concrete truck wash out pit will be constructed to preclude wash water from contacting the ground. For this structure, effluent from any concrete pour is contained in a temporary evaporation pond that is lined with a membrane such as visqueen or poly sheeting to prevent seepage into the ground. 116

133 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Material or residue that settles and eventually hardens into an inert substance, after a substantial amount evaporates (similar to laitance that forms from excessive water mixed with cement), can be mechanically broken apart and removed with relative ease Operation Phase Direct Effects: Erosion of bare areas resulting from excavation, drainage channels and construction works may increase runoff which will lead to sedimentation and increased turbidity in surface water. Hazardous materials spilled from transport vehicles and washed into the river may result in water pollution. Bacteria and nutrients may impact water quality in ground or river water from sanitation facilities. Effluent, sewage and solid waste generated from various industrial unit operations will contaminate the land and water bodies nearby. Cumulative Effects: Of particular concern are the increased drainage and runoff into the nearby streams. Increased solid waste and trash waste will cause soil and water pollution as well as health issues. This will be exacerbated as industrial park and other development plans ramp up implementation. Additional activities impacting the streams include pollution from communities upstream of the park area also contribute to cumulative water quality impacts. Combined impacts from sanitation facilities at the office, industry, and utility buildings within the park could negatively impact ground and surface water quality. Mitigation Measures: Recommendations include the maintenance of a 5 M buffer area along the Industrial park. Disturbed areas will be revegetated to help prevent harmful runoff entering the tanks. During construction, waste from portable latrines should be regularly emptied and properly disposed of in a designated landfill area. To manage sanitation impacts during operation, a septic field should be adequately designed and maintained for the industrial park sanitation facilities. The septic field should be located as close to or within the industrial park site as practical and environmentally sound, but not closer than

134 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures m from water bodies, and all potable well water should be tested for bacteria on a regular basis. Other industrial park sanitation facilities should include sewerage connections to the wastewater treatment facility for processing of waste, once the treatment plant is constructed. A bio digester could be designed for the industrial park to capture sewage/ Municipal solid waste and produce methane gas for use in generation of electricity. Common Sewage treatment plant and Common Effluent treatment plant are proposed to treat the sewage and effluent generated from various industrial units proposed by the Industrial Park Impacts on Air Quality Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: During construction and improving access roads through the industrial park, large amounts of soil will be excavated, stockpiled, and transported. The machinery used for excavation will generate dust, which can be dispersed by the wind. Emissions in the air from exhaust fumes and dust from vehicle and machines may cause nuisance to surrounding homes, pedestrians and workers. Dust generated from access roads and during transportation of materials will also pollute the air in the immediate local environment. Mitigation Measures: Excavation areas will be watered to limit dust emissions. Limits on the speed of construction vehicles will be established and enforced. Construction area will be barricaded so that the dust will not contaminate the surroundings Operation Phase Direct Effects: The primary risks to air quality concern the emissions from the DG sets, boilers and also process emissions. Combustion of fossil fuels produces harmful emissions of particulate matter (PM), ozone, Nitrogen Oxide (NO X ), Sulphur Oxide (SO X ) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the air, which can damage human/ animal health. Ash residues and the dust removed from exhaust gases may contain significant levels of heavy metals and some organic compounds. 118

135 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NO X are combustion processes (DG sets). Epidemiological studies have shown that symptoms of bronchitis in asthmatic children increase in association with long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO X ). At short-term concentrations exceeding 200 µg/m 3, it is a toxic gas which causes significant inflammation of the airways. Nitrogen oxides are also precursors for the formation of ground-level ozone. The major components of PM are sulphate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, carbon, mineral dust and water. Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as of lung cancer. As no threshold for PM has been identified below which no damage to health is observed, the recommended value should represent an acceptable and achievable objective to minimize health effects in the context of local constraints, capabilities and public health priorities. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is produced as a combustion by-product from carbonbased fuels. Inhaled carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream and combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which reduces the blood s ability to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues. People with several types of heart disease already have a reduced capacity for pumping oxygenated blood to the heart. For these people, short-term CO exposure further affects their body s already compromised ability to respond to the increased oxygen demands when exercising or under increased exertion. Healthy individuals are also affected at higher levels of CO exposure. Exposure to elevated outdoor CO levels is associated with fatigue, visual impairment, headache, and reduced manual dexterity. At extremely high concentrations, CO can cause death. Air Modeling for operation phase: AERMOD Software Version was used for air dispersion modelling and is applicable to a wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition to more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban dispersion scenarios. 119

136 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi- Gaussian probability density function (pdf). This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL was demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats plume lofting, whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer when and if appropriate. For sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion resulting from plume meander. The emissions from proposed stacks have been taken as basis for modeling and are shown in Table 4-2 below 120

137 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures S.No Industries Proposed and Allotted 1 Kernos India Aluminate Technologies (Furnace/ Kiln / Process Stack) Kernos India Aluminate Technologies (DG of 500 KVA) 3 Technology Center; Dev. Commissioner- MSME (DG of 750 KVA) 4 Leisten Power & Infratech P.Ltd (DG of 500 KVA) 5 Shree Tandava Lakshmi Engg Works. (DG of 250KVA) Table 4-2 Emission Details calculated for Air Dispersion Modeling Coordinates Fuel Fuel SPM SO X NO X CO Stack Temp Type Capacity (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) Height ( 0 c) (l/d) (m) Dia Gas exit APC (m) velocity Measures (m/sec) m E m N Coal Two stage water scrubber m E Diesel Stack m N Attached m E Diesel Stack m N Attached m E Diesel Stack m N Attached m E Diesel Stack m N Attached 121

138 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures S.No Industries Proposed and Allotted 6 Sokeo Power P. Ltd (250 KVA DG) 7 Eastern Engineering (250 KVA DG) 8 Kolamala Heavy industries (250 KVA DG) 9 Reframin Alumina Pvt.Ltd., (250 KVA DG) Reframin Alumina Pvt.Ltd., (Furnace/ Kiln) 10 Sri balaji Industries (DG of 60KVA) 11 Monocast industry (DG 100KVA) 12 Integerated Shipping & Engg Coordinates m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N Fuel Fuel SPM SO X NO X CO Stack Temp Dia Type Capacity (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) Height ( 0 c) (m) (l/d) (m) Gas exit APC velocity Measures (m/sec) Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached FO Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached 122

139 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures S.No Industries Proposed and Allotted ltd. (DG 100KVA) 13 Bulk Drugs & Pharma (2T Boiler) Bulk Drugs & Pharma (DG 500KVA) Bulk Drugs & Pharma (DG 500KVA) 14 Glass Industry (DG 250KVA) 15 Glass, Ceramic, Earthern potteries manufacturing (1T Boiler) Glass, Ceramic, Earthern potteries manufacturing (DG 100KVA) 16 Thermocol Manufacturing Coordinates m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m N m E m m E m N Fuel Fuel SPM SO X NO X CO Stack Temp Dia Type Capacity (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) Height ( 0 c) (m) (l/d) (m) Gas exit APC velocity Measures (m/sec) FO Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached FO Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached 123

140 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures S.No Industries Coordinates Proposed and Allotted (DG 20KVA) 17 Flexible packaging m E m N 18 Packing materials from non asbestos m E m N fiber, vegetable fiber yarn (DG 10KVA) 19 Fly ash Bricks m E (DG of 10KVA m N 20 Automobile body m E Building (DG of m N 50KVA) 21 Cutting, Sizing & m E Polishing of m N marble stones (DG 125KVA) 22 Automobile parts m E Manufacturing ( m N 200 KVA DG) 23 Commercial Plot m E (150 KVA DG) m N Fuel Fuel SPM SO X NO X CO Stack Temp Dia Type Capacity (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) Height ( 0 c) (m) (l/d) (m) Gas exit APC velocity Measures (m/sec) Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached Diesel Stack Attached 124

141 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures S.No Industries Coordinates Fuel Fuel SPM SO X NO X CO Stack Temp Dia Gas exit APC Proposed and Type Capacity (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) Height ( 0 c) (m) velocity Measures Allotted (l/d) (m) (m/sec) 24 Common Facilitates (DG m E m N Diesel Stack Attached 500KVA) Total (kg/day)

142 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Based on the input to Aermod following are the emissions observed. Figure 4-1 SOx Emission from the proposed stack Figure 4-2 NOx Emissions from Proposed Stack 126

143 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Figure 4-3 PM Emissions from the Proposed Stack Figure 4-4 CO emissions from proposed stack 127

144 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The Predicted Ground level concentrations from the project are given in Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Predicted GLCs from the Proposed Project Parameters Baseline data Max. conc. Estimated maximum incremental concentration Predicted maximum GLC NAAQ Standard (24 hourly) Direction Downwind distance (km) Sox (µg/m 3 ) NW 0.16 NOx NW 0.1 (µg/m 3 ) PM (µg/m 3 ) NW 0.1 CO (mg/ NW 0.1 m 3 ) The estimated load includes all the units of DG are in operation together to find the Worst Scenario. As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed project are well within NAAQ Standards. Mitigation Measures: Boilers: All boilers will be provided with APC measures of Multicyclone & Bag Filters then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines. Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines. DG Sets: All DG sets will be provided with stack & Acoustic measures as per CPCB Guidelines. Process Units: All Process unit in the plant will be provided with APC measures of Suitable Wet Double Stage Scrubbers with Acid & Alkali Provision 128

145 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures followed by Dry Scrubber with Activated Carbon media then routed to stack calculated as per MoEF&CC guidelines or good Engineering practices with clear provision of facilitating maximum dispersion. Wet Scrubber circulation water has to be routed to Effluent stream for further treatment. Online Analyzers to be mounted for continuous monitoring as per CPCB Guidelines Impacts of Noise Preconstruction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: During construction, heavy equipment will be used that will generate noise, thereby causing a nuisance to the surrounding population and environment. The noise levels vary widely and depend on the type of activity performed. For example, a front end loader will generate noise on the level of 100 decibels (db), while that of a truck will be approximately 85 db. To put these noise levels in perspective, acceptable levels of noise are generally regarded to be 40 db during the night (to avoid sleep disturbance) and 50 db during the day (higher than 50 db causes annoyance and interference with communication. Mitigation Measures: Construction should therefore take place only during the day, and protective ear wear should be provided to all workers. Workers who fail to comply with safety guidelines should be terminated after repeated warnings are issued Impacts on Infrastructure and Services Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: The transport of generator engines, other machinery and construction materials to the Project site will temporarily disrupt traffic patterns and cause accelerated wear on local roads providing access to the site. Mitigation Measures: To minimize these effects, the construction manager should inform the community in advance of the anticipated impacts on traffic and roadways. Appropriate measures should be put into place to manage traffic. Maintenance and repairs to local routes utilized for transport should be provided, 129

146 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures as well as the management of solid waste and abandoned materials left on site. The implementation of these measures will minimize negative effects during transport and construction Operation Phase Direct Effects: A positive, direct impact will be the supply of electricity to the industrial park settlement, thus decreasing the pressure on existing electrical needs for the new communities. The new plant system and electrical lines should ensure a consistent source of electricity for the new settlements and industrial area. Indirect Effects: The anticipated population growth as people are lured by the prospects for employment and new business opportunities will augment traffic and accelerate wear and degradation on transportation infrastructure. This will create added pressure on other infrastructure and services which can hardly meet the current needs of the local and regional population. Of particular concern are health care, schools, drinking water wells and sanitation facilities, and police services. Without appropriate mitigation measures, negative impacts on infrastructure and services will be moderate and permanent. Cumulative Effects: The industrial park alone is expected to attract up to 10,000 workers over the long term. Assuming the average each worker brings a family size of 5 to the area; this corresponds to an additional influx of 55,000 persons requiring food and domestic products, infrastructure, education, public health, and police security services. This will place added pressure on public services that are already stretched thin, and create social tension. Mitigation Measures: The industrial park manager is advised to put in place appropriate signage on routes used to transport equipment and workers to the project site. It is recommended that the industrial park manager develop and implement a management plan for the transport of materials and road improvement actions. Also recommended is that the park manager develops a plan to participate in the improvement of infrastructure facilities that workers of the industrial park will utilize. The combined application of these measures will 130

147 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures not only minimize negative effects from the influx of a large number of outside workers to Attivaram, but will enable the improvement of infrastructure and services important not only to local residents but also to newly arrived industrial park workers. The impacts will then be positive, moderate, and permanent Impacts on Landscape and Aesthetics Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Direct Effects: Construction activities may give rise to landscape and visual impacts. The presence of construction activities, heavy machinery and earthmoving equipment, presence of stockpiles an staging areas, staging of large generator machines and large tanks of fuel may all degrade the overall appearance of the quiet, pastoral landscape. Mitigation Measures: Construction material, as well as rebar and other solid waste will be disposed of in appropriate landfill areas designated by Rambilli Mandal Public works department officials Operation Phase Direct Effects: Abandoned construction materials and construction or staging areas denuded of vegetation may affect the quality of the aesthetic environment. These should be removed and properly disposed of in designated and approved landfill areas. The construction management team should inspect the area to ensure removal of all construction materials and debris following the completion of construction activity. Mitigation Measures: Re-vegetation and landscaping of the industrial park grounds will not only impede runoff and improve drainage, but will also enhance the visual appearance of the pastoral landscape Impacts of Construction Camps Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phase Direct Effects: The 200 workers required for site preparation and development activity in the industrial, and an additionally equal number to operate and maintain the facility will likely stay on site. Mitigation Measures: Drinking water should be tested for bacteria, arsenic and barium, and treated accordingly to arrive at WHO drinking water quality guidelines. Latrines should be constructed at least 20 m from water bodies and properly maintained. Toilets and running water should be connected to the 131

148 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures industrial park s wastewater treatment system. Refuse should be collected in designated locations and disposed of accordingly. Cumulative Impacts Connected activities within the industrial park include road construction, wastewater treatment facilities, and drinking water treatment. All of these actions will exert considerable collective impacts. These have been noted in the relevant sections above. Some of these actions have already occurred, and will contribute to impacts caused by the construction of the roads. And looking toward the future, implementing the proposed action concurrently with other future development projects within the Industrial Park and elsewhere will contribute to cumulative impacts. Unchecked population growth and spontaneous development of informal communities can cause degradation and associated health risks to water resources. An integrated development plan to help manage the growth and associated demands on local services and resources, in addition to other mitigation measures discussed above under relative impacts sections of this report, can help avoid such problems Impacts on Quality of Life The population of Rambilli mandal expects that industrial park development will lead to improvements in infrastructure and public services (health, education, security, drinking water and wastewater management, food, and power) in the commune, which would be a significant positive impact on the quality of life of local residents Impacts on Land Use As mentioned above, local residents using the land within the limits of the park have already cut back on agricultural production, particularly of grains and legumes. If the industrial park is not realized, it is likely that farmers will continue farming at the same intensity as before Impacts on Standard of Living Thousands of jobs are expected to be created by the industrial park at Pudi, of which less than 10 % of the population has regular salaried jobs. Without the project, these opportunities will not be realized. In the case that the industrial park 132

149 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures project is not realized, the expected economic development will not occur and the local population will feel discouraged and disappointed. In order to ensure a subsistence livelihood, many local farms will pursue agriculture, livestock rising and fishing Impacts on Traffic and Transport Presently there is very little flow of vehicles to the site. This may be around 50 buses / hour, trucks/ vans per hour and 100 nos of two wheelers. This is the scenario during peak hours from Morning 8.00 AM Am and evening 5.00 PM PM. The Estimated traffic at site due to development of the project is given in Table 4-4 Table 4-4 Projected no of Vehicles, PCU during operational phase S.No. Type of Vehicle Total Industrial PCU Factors Total PCU IRC Guidelines (SP 41) 1 Cars wheelers Wheeler Tempo Buses Truck/Lorry Container carrier Tanker Tractor Total (Say 1021) The estimated PCU will be The impact in the traffic based on proposed development in terms of level of Service (LoS) is given in Table 4-5. Based on the road width (C) and anticipated PCU (V), the LOS is found to have free flow of traffic. 133

150 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 4-5 Traffic impact during operational phase V/C Ratio & LOS Total for the Public Anticipated Anticipated C Anticipated LOS Classification Road traffic Industrial Total PCU Ratio PCU PCU (V) (V/C) Direction-1 (Towards Atchutapuram) A Free Flow Traffic Direction-2 (Towards Madaka) Pudi A Free Flow Traffic Projection of traffic for 3 years by considering 5% of traffic growth in the project vicinity, traffic density has been projected for 3 years which is given in the Table 4-6 below Table 4-6 Traffic impact in Projection V/C Ratio & LOS Projection Growth of Traffic C Anticipated Ratio (V/C) 1st 2nd 3rd Year Year Year Projected LOS Classification Direction-1 (Towards Atchutapuram) Direction-2 (Towards Pudi Madaka) B Stable Traffic Flow A Free Flow Traffic Taking 5 % increase in traffic growth, the LOS is found to have stable traffic flow due to the proposed project. In this environmental impact assessment, the impact of the Industrial park Development on the biophysical and social environments was assessed. From the assessment, it was determined which parts of the two environments will be more significantly affected as compared to others. Below is a summary of the main findings of the EIA. 134

151 Impact Description Biophysical Environment Geology Topography Soil, Land Use and Capability Vegetation River/ Water bodies Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 4-7 Summary of Findings Summary of findings Although permanent disturbance to the geology on site will occur, the proposed development would be of minimal impact as all disturbances on site will be limited to the construction areas. Although permanent disturbance to the topography will occur, appropriate mitigation measures like storm water drains and rainwater harvesting pits will be implemented to minimise the impact. Land use of the site will be changed to industrial. Presently most part of the site is barren land with some bushes. Hence no agricultural land is involved for the project. Infrastructure facilities are proposed for development of Industrial Park. Collectively the site is a barren land with sparse bushes and some palm trees. The bushes will be removed but to the maximum the trees will be kept as such. Further green belt will be developed using native plant species. There are some water tanks located within the site. The establishment of a storm water management system will ensure that all surface water runoff from the site is appropriately directed to the water tanks at site. Water consumption will be limited by installing water saving taps and duel flushing toilet systems. Water consumption can be reduced by collecting and utilising rain water for gardening purposes. Apart from this CSTP and CETP are proposed to treat the wastewater generated from site and to avoid contamination of surface / ground water. Reuse of treated sewage for green belt and treated effluent in 135

152 Impact Description Air Quality and Noise Visual Aspects Waste Odour Spillage and incidents Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Summary of findings utility is also proposed. The release of dust into the atmosphere during construction activities was identified as a finding for air quality. The site will be barricaded and water sprinkling will be done. During construction activities, noise will be generated by vehicles, equipment and building activities, but will be mitigated by using proper signage boards, good quality equipments and using PPEs by workers. The surrounding areas could experience potential visual impacts, however from the public meetings residents in these areas support the development. The design of the development will be line with the aesthetics of the surrounding environment. Urban Design and building guidelines will be provided for new commercial, mixed use and industrial development. The potential waste streams for the project were identified as domestic, hazardous, building and sewerage waste. The impact of the waste streams would be minimized by the rigorous mitigation measures that have been developed and the liquid waste will be treated separately in ETP/ CSTP. Municipal Solid wastes will be composed at site and used as manure. Hazardous wastes will be sent through licensed waste disposal facility. Odours from chemical toilets on site for construction staff will be minimized by ensuring that the toilets are cleaned and maintained properly. There is the potential for spillages, incidents, fires and explosions due to the construction activities. Procedures and specific mitigation measures would need to be drawn up to minimise and/or eliminate the possibility of 136

153 Impact Description Socio-Economic Environment Employment Population Changes Security and Social Traffic Safety Housing Energy Consumption Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Summary of findings contaminating the soil, surface and groundwater environments and ensure the protection of the employees working at site. The project has the potential to provide employment for local contractors. The Industrial Estate development will generate around 1300 direct jobs, and 3000 indirect jobs. There should be minimum changes to the population dynamics of the area as it is recommended that all labour for the project be sourced locally. During the construction phase there is the possibility of social ills such as crime, the spread of HIV/AIDS etc. To prevent the manifestation of these problems suitable mitigation will be put in place. Due to construction activities there is the possibility of disruptions to traffic flow in the area. With the establishment of the development there will be increased pressure on the existing road network. To alleviate the pressure, the road network improvements would be made for free movement of vehicles. The safety of the public and construction staff would be maintained with adequate safety measures are implemented It needs to be ensured that the development captures the housing demand in the area. With the consumption of energy it has been recommended that renewable and or alternative energy sources (where possible and practical and sustainable) be outlined in the conditions of establishment and encouraged to be utilised by the contractors 137

154 Impact Description Planning and Sustainable Development Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Summary of findings With the mixed use nature of the development, together with the proposed intensities, densities and linkages to the surrounding adjacent communities, there is little doubt that a framework for sustainability will have been provided which will enable the creation of a sustainable development. 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT A number of techniques are available for the assessment of impacts. Each of these techniques has their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection of any of these techniques for any particular project depends largely upon the choice of judgment of the analysis. The technique chosen should be comprehensive, easy to understand, systematic and flexible. Considering these criteria, for this project, the matrix method was used, with an impact scale of -4 to Matrix Method Impact identification and assessment of the site can be assessed by the matrix method, popularly known as Leopold matrix method, which is a universal tool for the EIA studies. The matrix used for the EIA consists of project activities on the x-axis and the environmental components likely to be affected by these activities on the y-axis. Each cell of the matrix represents a subjective evaluation of the impact of the particular components, in terms of magnitude importance. A blank cell indicates no impact of the activity on the component. The magnitude (m) is represented by a number from 1-4 where, 1= minimal 2= appreciable 3= significant 4= severe A positive sign indicates a beneficial impact and the negative sign indicates an adverse impact. The importance (w) of the impact is given on a scale of 1-4 in each cell. This number indicates the relative importance of the impact of the activity on the concerned component for this project. The magnitude and importance are multiplied to give a 138

155 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures score for each cell (m ij w ij ). The scores of individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of all project activities on each component. Similarly, the scores in individual cells in each row are added to determine the total impact of each activity on all the environmental components likely to be affected. The grand total of all cells indicate the total project impact. This can be represented by the following equation: Total project impact= m ij w ij Where m ij = (positive or negative) magnitude of the j th activity on the i th environmental component and w ij = importance of the j th activity on the i th environmental component Since both m and n vary from 1-4 the total score in each cell can theoretically vary between - 16 and +16, therefore the total project impact can vary between (-16*total number of cells in the matrix) and (16*total number of cells in the matrix), to compare scores from the matrices containing different number of cells, the total project score can be normalized to a scale of 100 as follows: Total project impact Total project impact = * * Total number of cells in matrix On the scale, the overall impact can be classified as follows: Table 4-8 Overall Impact Classification Total project impact Magnitude (Scale of 100) -100 to 75 Severely adverse -75 to 50 Significantly adverse -50 to -25 Appreciably adverse -25 to -16 Minimally adverse -15 to -6 Low Adverse Impact -5 to 0 Extremely low adverse impact 0 to 25 Minimally beneficial 25 to 50 Appreciably beneficial 50to 75 Significantly beneficial 139

156 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 75 to 100 Highly beneficial Alternative Scenarios Impact score for the project was calculated for three scenarios using the matrix method described above. Matrices were prepared to represent each of these scenarios: Scenario 1 - No Project This scenario considers that there is no industry takes place in the area. The existing activities in the area and the consequent secondary growth were also considered in evaluating the impact in this No project scenario. Table 4-9 No-Project Scenario Environmental Components Activities likely to affect Environmental Components likely to be affected Construction Process Solid/Hazardous Impacts on Activities waste components Air Quality Magnitude Importance Noise and Magnitude Vibration Importance Surface water Magnitude quality Importance Ground water Magnitude quality Importance Water Magnitude Resources Importance Soil Quality Magnitude Importance Flora and Magnitude Fauna Importance Land use Magnitude Pattern Importance

157 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Environmental Components likely to be affected Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Construction Activities Process Solid/Hazardous waste Impacts components Employment Magnitude Importance Total impact of activity -23 Total impact of activity on a scale of The total project impact for this scenario was found to be 5.3, which is extremely low adverse impact Scenario 2 - Project without EMP Proposed industrial park takes place without any Environmental Management measures. Environmental Components likely to be affected Table 4-10 Project Scenario without EMP Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Construction Activities Process Solid/Hazardous waste on Impacts on components Air Quality Magnitude Noise and Vibration Surface water quality Ground water quality Water Resources Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Soil Quality Magnitude Importance

158 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Flora and Fauna Land use Pattern Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Employment Magnitude Importance Total impact of activity -88 Total impact of activity on a scale of The total project impact for this scenario was found to be 20.3, which is minimally adverse impact Scenario 3 - Project with EMP Proposed industrial park takes place with proper Environmental Management measures. Environmental Components likely to be affected Table 4-11 Project with EMP Activities likely to affect Environmental Components Construction Activities Process Solid/Hazardous waste Management Impacts on components Air Quality Magnitude Noise and Vibration Surface water quality Ground water quality Water Resources Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Magnitude Importance Soil Quality Magnitude Importance

159 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Flora and Fauna Magnitude Importance Landscape Magnitude Employment &socio economics Importance Magnitude Importance Total impact of activity 75 Total impact of activity on a scale of There is minimally adverse impact on Air, water, soil & noise quality. However due to the employment activities proposed by the proponent the cumulative impact for this scenario is found to be 8.6, which is beneficial to the Environment. The main objective of the proposed project is to bring the economically viable production of industries and use it beneficially. 143

160 Analysis of Alternatives CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 144

161 Analysis of Alternatives 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES The proposed site at Pudi has been finalized by Government of Andhra Pradesh. Therefore analysis of alternatives cannot be accomplished. The site consideration is based on the following parameters. a. The site is located near APSEZ Atchutapuram which is already established. b. The site is about 45 Km (by road) away from the Visakhapatnam Port. The site is about 47 Km by road (areal 32.6 km) from the Visakhapatnam Airport and 29 Km by road (areal 14.2 km) from Narasingapalli Railway Station from which railway lines could be drawn in for goods carriers. It is adjacent to Atchutapuram - Pudimadaka Road (a two lane MDR13 upgraded to a four lane road by APIIC) which connects the site to SH-97 at a distance of 3.5 km c. Proximity to already developed industrial area. d. Skilled manpower availability from Visakhapatnam city. Thus the selection of the site is justified. 145

162 Environmental Monitoring programme CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 146

163 Environmental Monitoring programme 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1 INTRODUCTION The Environmental Monitoring Program is laid out based on the following definition of environmental monitoring: Environmental Effects monitoring is the repetitive and systematic measurement of the characteristics of environmental components to test specific hypothesis of the effects of human activity on the environment. Environmental monitoring is undertaken primarily to determine the environmental effects of human activities, and secondarily to increase understanding of cause-effect relationships between human activity and environmental change. Being an industrial park, it is necessary to have a comprehensive monitoring programme that covers all the industries in the proposed park so as to mitigate the environmental effects from these industries and thereby controlling the harmful effects to the environment. 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING IN EIA Environmental effects monitoring programs provide the necessary information to: Verify the accuracy of EIA predictions; and Determine the effectiveness of measures to mitigate adverse effects of projects on the environment. Feedback from environmental monitoring programs may be used to: Determine whether more or less stringent mitigation measures are needed; and To improve the predictive capabilities of EIA s. Environmental monitoring program is a vital process of any management plan of the development project. This helps in signaling the potential problems resulting from the proposed project and will allow for prompt implementation of effective corrective measures. As the industrial park will possess different types of industries, the industrial park must give a special care in monitoring the emissions as a whole and each industry must strictly adhere to the emission standards and analyze accordingly. The 147

164 Environmental Monitoring programme environmental monitoring will be required for the construction and operational phases. The main objectives of environmental monitoring area: To assess the changes in environmental conditions, To monitor the effective implementation of mitigation measures, Warn significant deteriorations in environmental quality for further prevention action. In order to meet the above objectives the following parameters need to be monitored: Afforestation, Water Quality and Public Health, Air and Noise quality, Soil Conservation, and Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal. 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE The summarized form of post monitoring details is presented for both construction and operation phase of the project by third party accredited Laboratory in the following Table 6-1. This will be as per the Pollution Control Board Standards and the reports will be submitted to Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) as required in regular intervals. Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring Program for Construction and Operation Phase S. No Area of Monitoring Frequency of Parameters to be Sampling Analyzed Construction Phase 1 Ambient air quality at 3 locations (1 at site, 1 at upwind direction and Once in a month All 12 parameters as given in NAAQS 1 at downwind direction) 2 Noise monitoring at 3 Locations Once in a month Noise levels in db(a) 3 Ground water quality at 4 locations Once a season Physicochemical within and near the project site properties, heavy 148

165 Environmental Monitoring programme S. No Area of Monitoring metals Frequency of Parameters to be Sampling Analyzed 4 Soil monitoring at 4 locations within and near the project site Once a season Physicochemical properties, Nutrients, heavy metals Operation Phase 1 Ambient air quality at 3 locations (1 at site, 1 at upwind direction and Once in a month All 12 parameters as given in NAAQS 1 at downwind direction) 2 Noise monitoring at 3 Locations Once in a month Noise levels in db(a) 3 Ground water quality at 4 locations Once a season Physicochemical within and near the project site properties, heavy metals 4 Soil monitoring at 4 locations within and near the project site Once a season Physicochemical properties, Nutrients, heavy metals 5 Effluent analysis (CETP inlet and Once a month ph, Temp, outlet) Conductivity, TSS, TDS, BOD, O&G, Phenolics, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, O & G 6 Sewage analysis (CSTP inlet and outlet) Once a month ph, TSS, TDS, O&G, BOD, COD 7 Sewage Sludge Once a month Heavy metals, nutrients, Physicochemical properties 149

166 Environmental Monitoring programme 6.4 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING The budget for Environmental Monitoring through external agency is given in Table 6-2. Table 6-2 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Monitoring S. No Particulars Frequency of monitoring Budget per Year (Rs.) 1. Air pollution monitoring Ambient air quality within the Once in a month 60,000/- premises At 1 location in Prevalent Down Once in a month 60,000/- Wind Direction At 1 location in Up Wind Once in a month 60,000/- Direction 2. Noise monitoring At 3 locations within the premises Once in a month 1,500/- 3 Ground water quality monitoring At 4 locations Once a month 2,40,000/- 4 Soil Quality monitoring At 4 locations Once a month 2,40,000/- 5 Effluent Quality Monitoring Inlet and outlet of CETP Once a month 1,44,000/- Inlet and out let of CSTP Once a month 12,000/- 6 Sewage sludge Monitoring Once a month 60,000/- Total Budget for Environmental Monitoring through external Agency 8,76,150/- During construction phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 6,60,150/- During operation phase the approximate cost per year for monitoring would be Rs. 8,76,150/- 150

167 Environmental Monitoring programme 6.5 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the guidelines provide by MoEF&CC/CPCB/SPCB. The methods conducted or applied shall be approved or sanctioned by the any recognized body or authority i.e. MoEF&CC/CPCB/SPCB. The list of the used methods and approved /sanctioned methodologies are already provided in Chapter 3- Description of Environment. 6.6 REPORTING & DOCUMENTATION All the necessary reports and documents shall be prepared complying to the statutory rules & regulations. Proper and due care shall be taken to adhere to the laid down rules and regulation by the government. Regular and periodic record shall be kept in order to ensure easier, comparable and brisk review and projection of past, present and future performances. Also, due the management shall ensure to prepare separate records for water, wastewater, solid waste, air, emission, soil & manure regularly and periodically in order to provide better and smooth vigilance. The management shall look into the fact that as soon as the preparation of reports gets over it shall be forwarded to the concerned authority with due care for the purpose of reviewing. Adhering to the rules and regulations the management shall ensure that the outcome of the reports and the conclusions been drawn shall be prepared as per the laid down regulations and procedures. No breach of any convention shall be availed. These reports/documents shall be regularly and periodically reviewed and any changes/discrepancies found in mitigation measures/ operation/ management/ technology shall be brought into notice instantaneously and all possible corrective actions shall be taken to match the discrepancies been witnessed. 151

168 Environmental Management Plan CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 152

169 Environmental Management Plan 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT Accident can occur in every industry in spite of efforts to prevent them. Frequently they give rise to suffering and damage, the extent of which is, in part, determined by the potential for loss, surrounding the event. Some of the industries coming up in the Pudi Industrial Park have high potential for loss and there can be cases, where the loss, measured in both human and monetary terms, may be severe. If effective actions are taken on time, the full potential loss could be largely avoided. Section 41-B (4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a Hazardous and Non-hazardous factor shall draw up and onsite emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for the factory and make known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity, the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an emergency taking place. 7.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Despite of all efforts made accidents do occur which need immediate attention. The risks involved in this project have been identified and their mitigation measures have been proposed. But when serious accidents occur & negligence could result in loss of life the whole thing has to be handled in a systematic well planned manner. Accordingly following plan of disaster management has been evolved: Major Activities Broadly Disaster Management Plan mainly includes Pre - Emergency Preparedness, Emergency actions and Post Emergency activities These activities are aimed at facing any emergency so that at the required time there is no disaster and everything is handled in a very effective manner. 153

170 Environmental Management Plan Pre-emergency Preparedness The activities falling in this category are carried out in a normal situation without any reference to any particular accident / hazard. They are of a precautionary nature. These normally include: i) Internal safety ii) Non-destructive testing iii) Fire fighting system testing iv) Mock drills v) Training vi) Productive equipment vii) Communication viii) Emergency control Room ix) Liaison with state authorities x) Hospital activities Emergency actions During emergency the staff at various levels is expected to work in coordinated manner with pre-assigned duties to meet the emergency situation and bring normally with the help of the resources available within and outside the premises. Availability and correct use of different means of communication and control is very important during emergency time. Duties of the various persons shall be defined properly Post Emergency Procedures After the emergency is over investigations are required to be made to establish the reasons for emergency and preventative measures needed for future happenings. These activities include: i) Collection of records ii) Conducting enquiries iii) Making insurance claims, if any, iv) Rehabilitation of affected persons. 154

171 Environmental Management Plan Emergency Plan This includes following actions: Site Layout Site plan of the Plant will be kept at a conveniently approachable place. The plan will show the storage site of the various materials along with the details of the surrounding areas. This gives a layout of the Buildings and other facilities like roads, open and work areas etc Emergency Control Centre The Control Centre will be established within the premises which will be marked on the site plan. It will be the focal point from where all operations to handle the emergency will be directed and coordinated. It will have internal and external telephone communications along with list of essential telephone numbers Emergency Alarm System An audible emergency alarm system will be installed in the premises. It will be operated from at least 4 different points spread over the entire area and clearly marked as Emergency Area Switch. The system will be tested regularly. The alarm will signify to the persons & staff that the emergency has occurred and emergency services should be put in operation. The Public Address System will also be activated and specific instructions for eventualities will be passed on to the staff working in the colony Service & Control a) Emergency Services This includes Fire fighting, First Aid and rescue teams. Alternative source of power supply for operating fire pumps and communication with local bodies and fire brigade etc shall be given. b) Control Centre The control centre could be either in Security room or Fire Station and shall have: i) Adequate No. of Internal and external telephones. 155

172 Environmental Management Plan ii) Layout Plan of the Industrial Park showing: Sources of safety equipment Fire hydrant system and alternate supply source Stock of other fire fighting materials Assembly points & first aid centers. iii) Additional work plans which may illustrate during emergency a) Areas affected / endangered b) Deployment of emergency vehicles and personnel c) Areas where particular problems arise e.g. fractured pipe-line. d) Areas evacuated. 7.3 R & R STUDIES The total area acquired for the project is Acres. All lands are classified as dry, Wet, & Inam dry lands. The total land sellers are 348 and have paid the compensation. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 was not used as the land acquisition for the project was done very long back. The land compensation value for Rambili Mandal was finalized as Rs.5.00 lakh per acre and the copy of G.O Ms.No.263 dated & G.O Ms.No.16 dated is enclosed in Annexure RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION BENEFIT The details of beneficiaries in place of land to is given in the Table 9-1 Table 7-1 Details of Monetary benefits S.No Category (land sellers) No. of beneficiaries 1 Below 0.5 Ac to 1 Ac

173 Environmental Management Plan S.No Category (land sellers) No. of beneficiaries to 1.50 Ac to 2.00 Ac to 2.50 Ac above 8 Total 348 The enhanced land compensation was settled instead of Guideline Cost by considering Current market rate. 7.5 PUBLIC HEARING As per the EIA Notification, 2006 and its amendments, Public Hearing (PH) is mandatory for getting Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC/SEIAA for Establishment of Industrial Park. As a ToR point, Public Hearing was conducted under the Chairmanship of the Collector & District Magistrate, assisted by A.P. Pollution Control Board Officials on 1 st April, 2016 at 11 A.M. at proposed project site of M/S. APIIC Ltd (for development of Industrial Park) at Pudi Village, Rambili Mandal, Visakhapatnam-Dist. APPCB Regional Office, Visakhapatnam, issued a Paper notification in the newspapers of Indian Express & EENADU Papers on is attached in below Figure 9-1. The Public hearing photographs are enclosed in Figure

174 Environmental Management Plan Figure 7-1 Public Hearing Notice in Newspapers 158

175 Environmental Management Plan Figure 7-2 Photographs of Public Hearing 159