Decentralised Water Supply: PAUL an easy to use sophisticated water supply technology

Transcription

1 Decentralised Water Supply: PAUL an easy to use sophisticated water supply technology using the Ultra Low Pressure Ultra Filtration (ULPUF) process Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. Franz Bernd Frechen Universität Kassel Chair, IWA Specialist Group Membrane Technology Obmann, DWA Fachausschuss Membrananlagen Winner 2011 in the category society Slide 1

2 WASH water, sanitation & hygiene Without t safe water, hygiene is problematic Sanitation only does not avoid diseases Optimal results are achieved if all three issues are addressed Safe water is a core target Transportation of safe water in rural areas is nonsense and much too expensive Decentralized water treatment is the key technology Slide 2

3 which technology to be used? Table 7.8 Reductions of bacteria, viruses and protozoa achieved by household water treatment technologies Slide 3

4 filtration is mostly done by the cake layer raw cake layer water (filtration active) filtrate 1 /1 000 of the diameter of a human hair (MWCO 150 kdalton) Solids (organic, anorganic, bacteria, pathogens, ) Slide 4 membrane typical pore width 20 to 100 nm ( to µm)

5 removal of bacteria, example cholera wikipedia Slide 5 cholera bacteria diameter 300 to 500 nm, length nm ( 2 µm) membrane typical pore width 20 to 100 nm ( to µm)

6 WaterBackpack PAUL designed by DESEE: at DESEE, starting ti 2001, we designed the WaterBackpack called PAUL, a small membrane ultrafiltration (UF) unit membrane area 9.5 m 2 1,200 L/d for 400 people p in emergency and 60 people as permanent supply weight: 23 kg hiht12 height: 1.2 m size: 0.4 m x 0.4 m 6 or 12 units fit on a standard Euro palette Slide 6

7 operation principles PAUL dead dend filtration ti ultra low pressure: 0.00 to 0.08 bar (0.04 typical) 9.5 m² membrane surface area nominal flux 5 LMH, nominal yield 1,200 L/d flat sheet vertically mounted Slide 7

8 The requirements are: No chemicals needed No energy needed dd No operation personnel needed dd No maintenance needed Absolutely robust Instant delivery Easily transportable Slide 8

9 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd No operation personnel needed dd No maintenance needed Absolutely robust Instant delivery Easily transportable Slide 9

10 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd No maintenance needed Absolutely robust Instant delivery 0,80 m max. Easily transportable Slide 10

11 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd Simple pictograms explain li usage even to illiterates No maintenance needed Absolutely robust Instant delivery Easily transportable Slide 11

12 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd Simple pictograms explain li usage even to illiterates No maintenance needed just pour water in over months and months Absolutely robust Instant delivery 0,80 m max. Easily transportable Slide 12

13 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd Simple pictograms explain li usage even to illiterates No maintenance needed just pour water in over months and months Absolutely robust no moving parts, lifetime of the membrane 10 years Instant delivery 0,80 m max. Easily transportable Slide 13

14 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd Simple pictograms explain li usage even to illiterates No maintenance needed just pour water in over months and months Absolutely robust no moving parts, lifetime of the membrane 10 years Instant delivery can be stored ready to use, 6 fit on an Euro Palette Easily transportable 0,80 m max. Slide 14

15 The solutions of the WaterBackpack PAUL : No chemicals needed Membrane (A 95m mem ) to filter pathogens, nominal pore size 40 nm (0.04 µm) (MWCO 150 kdalton) No energy needed dd Uses gravity: TMP provided d by the water level l difference (max m) due to height of the WaterBackpack No operation personnel needed dd Simple pictograms explain li usage even to illiterates No maintenance needed just pour water in over months and months Absolutely robust no moving parts, lifetime of the membrane 10 years Instant delivery can be stored ready to use, 6 fit on an Euro Palette Easily transportable weighs 20 kg,transport on the back, by bike, by lorry, by helicopter... 0,80 m max. Slide 15

16 how much water is filtered per day? water for 400 affected people: 1,200 L/d (800 bottles 15Liter 1.5 each) see picture: 1 day production (1.2 tons of water) Slide 16

17 bacteria removal Log R Reductio on Value LRV Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius e.coli coliforme I.E. e.coli coliforme I.E. ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO PAUL A PAUL A PAUL A PAUL B PAUL B PAUL B Min min 5,301 5,368 4,444 5,672 5,929 5,041 Mittel avg 5,689 5,704 5,092 6,013 6,144 5,245 Max max 6,362 6,415 5,568 6,380 6,431 5,544 analyzed by Institut Fresenius, Göttingen Slide 17

18 virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA) added virusses human adenovirusses analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau Slide 18

19 virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA) total amount filtered in m³ feed: drinking water analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau Slide 19

20 latest development stage and accessories top view side view front valve closed valve open tile with valve incl. float, replaces sieve Slide 20

21 latest development stage and accessories raw water tank optional: pre-sieve optional: valve detail tile valve float valve closed top view side view front valve open valve closed valve open tile with valve to be mounted in the filtered water tank at proper height filtered water tank tile with valve incl. float, replaces sieve Slide 21

22 latest development stage and accessories raw water tank optional: pre-sieve optional: valve detail tile valve float valve closed top view side view front valve open valve closed valve open tile with valve to be mounted in the filtered water tank at proper height filtered water tank tile with valve incl. float, replaces sieve Slide 22

23 distribution of PAUL Madagascar: 10 Congo: 17 Comoros: 13 Malawi: 22 Colombia: 8 Cuba: 12 Kenya/ Somalia: 31 Kenya: 9 Cameroon: 9 Cambodia: 6 Indonesia: 12 India: 14 Malaysia: 4 Namibia: 1 Mexico: 2 Mongolia: 3 Mozambique: 3 Myanmar: 160 Nepal: 216 Nigeria: 5 Niger: 1 Pakistan: PAUL as of Pakistan: 257 Peru: 10 Haiti: 167 Philippines: 165 Vietnam: 118 Guatemala: 1 Senegal: 1 United Kingdom: 2 unknown: 90 Russia: 1 Sambia: 1 Ghana: 11 Gambia: 26 Switzerland: 1 France: 1 Zimbabwe: 1 Eritrea: 5 Somalia: 11 St. Lucia: 2 Ecuador: 5 Afghanistan: 14 Bolivia: 1 Venezuela: 10 Egypt: 5 Tanzania: 14 South Sudan: 7 Dom. Rep.: 1 Chile: 2 Uganda: 21 Swaziland: 1 Bulgaria: 1 Bénin: 10 Turkey/Syria: 5 Togo: 2 Taiwan: 2 Slide 23

24 some parties who brought PAUL into service are Slide 24

25 and about cost Slide 25

26 more very important facts No spare parts import necessary, as no cartridges tid etc. must be replaced on a regular basis No waste of resources concerning firewood, as boiling the water for disinfection is not necessary anymore Waste minimization, as water will no longer be supplied in plastic bottles Local added value by creation of employment as plant manufacturer/water vendor/plant operator/maintenance worker perfect for micro financing Dramatically reduced dcases of illness, thus less cost due to illness less cost due to inability to work less absence from school = improved educational opportunities Slide 26

27 Uganda Slide 27

28 Tanzania Schaupp Slide 28 Sh Schaupp Schaupp installed March 2012 since then, no more cases of diarrhea, cholera or other waterborne diseases according to locals

29 Nepal Slide 29

30 Ghana Slide 30

31 Ecuador Slide 31

32 thank you very much for your attention! Winner 2011 in the category society Slide 32 Humanity Care Foundation