The SeaRefinery Project CyberColloids

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1 The SeaRefinery Project CyberColloids January 2019 CyberColloids Ltd, Unit 4A Site 13, Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, County Cork, Ireland. tel:

2 The Seaweed Biorefinery for high value-added products 3 year project (November 2015 October 2018) Budget ~ 2.6 million Euros (~1.4 million Euro granted) Consortium of 8 partners from five EU countries, including RTDs and SMEs and support from 1 large enterprise Funded under the Marine Biotechnology Era-Net by cofunding agencies:

3 The consortium

4 Project aims develop an integrated biorefinery process using eco-friendly chemical and enzymatic step-wise extraction and purification steps to produce high value-added components from cultivated brown seaweed (Sccaharina latissima, Alaria esculenta) including antioxidants (phlorotannins), hydrocolloids (alginate), and other bioactives (laminarin, fucoidan and protein) to evaluate these extracted components for use in neutraceutical & functional food ingredients, cosmetic & medical products and biobased materials demonstrate the biorefinery concept at pilot scale

5 The work plan

6 CyberColloids role lab scale extraction processes for polyphenols, fucoidan and laminarin lab scale processes to extract alginate from whole seaweed biomass and from extraction residues lab scale processes for the production of alginate rich seaweed fibres from whole seaweed biomass and from extraction residues seasonal quantification of alginate content in seaweeds concept for SeaRefinery multi-stream extraction process transfer and demonstration of SeaRefinery at pilot scale (600kg)

7 Lab scale extraction process process based on use of fresh (or frozen) seaweed drying temperatures >40 0 C impact on yields and efficacy mild aqueous extraction processes developed for polyphenols, laminarin and fucoidan NB: polyphenol levels in kelp species low (<2% in this case) typical yields for sequential extraction of Irish Saccharina latissima given below (as % dry weight of starting material) Starting seaweed 100 Laminarin rich 51.6 ± 3.91 Fucoidan rich 4.26 ± 0.45 Alginic acid ± 2.94 Residual insolubles ± 1.78 Soluble and losses 3.74 ± 1.05

8 Scale up to 600kgs Top Dried starting material Aqueous extraction in progress Sampling Middle Solid fraction post decanting Loading solids into reaction vessel Aqueous extraction in progress Bottom Liquid extract during centrifugation Separating acidic solids Alginic acid rich seaweed fibre

9 Alginate rich seaweed fibres processes developed for alginic acid rich and sodium alginate rich seaweed fibres holistic process using whole seaweed biomass alginate functionality promoted in situ without extraction functionality of fibres assessed vs commercial comparators

10 Alginic acid rich fibres Water binding capacity (WBC) assessed from a commercial perspective, new texture ingredients with a WBC of greater than 10 g/g potentially interesting WBC of greater than 15 g/g is preferable alginic acid rich fibres from Alaria and Saccharina had WBC of 13 g/g and 18 g/g, respectively in range with commercially available functionalised fibre products see below seaweed = red bars

11 Sodium alginate rich fibres viscosity and gel strength assessed viscosity of seaweed fibres was 656 mpa. S (at 1%) typically, commercial alginates used in food give viscosity of (-1000) mpa. S (at 1%) Gel strength is represented by the force in g that is required to break the gel the break strength for the Saccharina sodium alginate fibre was 426 g break strength of commercial controls was 314g 823g Na alginate seaweed fibres have potential to replace Na alginate on a 1:1 basis which is commercially interesting

12 Application of fibres Na alginate seaweed fibres successfully used at 4-6% to produce edible films possibility to replace Na alginate in casings Na alginate fibres successfully used as gelling agents in restructured vegetable and fish products seaweed fibres out performed the Na alginate controls Seaweed fibres used in two different face mask formulations to reduce/replace Na alginate

13 Key outcomes robust processes for lab scale biorefinery of Saccharina latissima & Alaria esculenta multi stream extraction of fucoidan, laminarin & alginate polyphenol levels too low to be of interest in this project demonstrated transfer of biorefinery to pilot scale (600kgs) development of alginate rich seaweed fibres with commercially interesting properties demonstrated functionality in targeted food and cosmetics and applications