Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report: July Richards Bay Clean Air Association

Transcription

1 T0107 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report: July 2010 Prepared for the AQ0002 July 2010 SGS Environmental Services 1 of 62 6 Sookhai Place, Derby Downs, Westville, 3630 PO Box 416 Durban 3600 Tel: Fax: Internet: info@ecoserv.com

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarises the sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), total reduced sulphur (TRS) and fine particulate (PM 10 ) monitoring data gathered by the RBCAA monitoring network for the month of July The monitoring network consists of 10 stations: Arboretum Brackenham CBD (situated in the Sports Complex) Harbour West (near the western entrance to the harbour) Scorpio (intersection of John Ross Highway and West Central Arterial) Mtunzini St Lucia Airport (at Richards Bay Airport) Bayside (next to Bayside Aluminium) RBM (situated at Richards Bay Minerals) Figure A: RBCAA s monitoring network 2 of 62

3 SO 2 is measured at Arboretum, Brackenham, CBD, Scorpio, and Harbour West, TRS at CBD and PM 10 at Brackenham, CBD, Mtunzini and St Lucia. Meteorology is measured at all stations with the exception of CBD. The ambient air monitoring system, maintained by SGS Environmental Services, is accredited to ISO 17025:2005 for the measurement of SO 2 by the South African National Accreditation Service (SANAS). The measurement of other pollutants reported does not fall within this accreditation. The applicable quality controls and measurement methods are listed in Appendix 1. South African limits and standards Air quality limits and thresholds are fundamental to effective air quality management providing the a link between the potential source of atmospheric emissions and the user of that air at a downwind receptor site. Ambient air quality limits indicate generally safe exposure levels for the majority of the population, including the very young and the elderly, throughout an individual s lifetime. Table A: South African limit values and standards Organisation Variable 10-min average Hourly average Daily average Monthly average Annual average NEMAQA [a] SO2 500 µg/m³ [c] 350 µg/m³ [d] 125 µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] 191 ppb [c] 134 ppb [d] 48 ppb [e] - 19 ppb [f] NEMAQA [a] PM µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] SANS [b] PM µg/m³ [e] - 40 µg/m³ [f] Notes: [a] SA Government Gazette (published 24 th December 2009) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 [b] SABS Draft South African National Standard SANS1929:2009 [c] Not to be exceeded more than 526 times in one year. [d] Not to be exceeded more than 88 times in one year. [e] Not to be exceeded more than 4 times in one year. [f] Not to be exceeded. 3 of 62

4 SO 2 Exceedances There were two measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Standard, no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 10-minute or hourly standards. Table B: SO 2 exceedances SO2 Exceedances Guideline Station Date Value (ppb) Apportionment NEMAQA daily (48 ppb) Harbour West 2010/07/06 50 Hillside Aluminium 98%, Foskor 2% NEMAQA daily (48 ppb) Scorpio 2010/07/06 52 Hillside Aluminium 100% TRS Odour Threshold Exceedances There are no guidelines or standards for TRS; however the odour threshold for H 2 S is 4.5 ppb. TRS 10-minute averages exceeded this threshold 77 times. PM 10 Exceedances There were two measured exceedances of the SANS PM 10 Daily Limit Value, no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA PM 10 Daily Standard. Table C: PM 10 exceedances PM10 Exceedances Guideline Station Date Value (μg/m³ TEOM) Apportionment SANS Daily (75μg/m³) CBD 2010/07/08 76 umhlatuze Municipality 100% SANS Daily (75μg/m³) CBD 2010/07/23 82 umhlatuze Municipality 100% 4 of 62

5 Dispersion Modelling It must be noted that the HAWK Model predictions show areas that may have experienced exceedances within the month of July It is not practical to measure SO 2 concentrations in a dense grid and, as a result the HAWK Model is used as a predictive measure for determining the levels of SO 2 in Richards Bay. Although there may not be any measured exceedances during any month this does not mean that there were no exceedances. The concentration maps are important in that they show the areas where no monitoring equipment exists, but may have experienced exceedances. The Model output is set to predict the maximum SO 2 concentrations and, therefore, the worst-case scenario, which may not always be the case in a particular area. Details of the model parameters are provided in Appendix 3. A limitation of dispersion models is their inability to adequately account for highly complex, rapidly varying spatial and temporal meteorological systems, such as calms, coastal fumigation, sea / land breeze recirculation and mountain and valley winds, particularly in complex terrain or near coastal boundaries. The US EPA considers the range of uncertainty to be -50% to 200% for models applied to gently rolling terrain. The accuracy improves with fairly strong wind speeds and during neutral atmospheric conditions. Dispersion modelling results can be compared with monitored values in order to improve the accuracy or calibrate models using percentiles. An investigation using July 2007 data compared the measured values to the 98 th, 99 th and 100 th percentile. The investigation concluded that the 99 th percentile more closely approximated measured values. The RBCAA has therefore decided to use the 99 th percentile across all averaging periods. 5 of 62

6 Figure B: Inter-annual comparison of RBCAA annual average SO 2 Figure A is an inter-annual comparison of annual average SO 2. Since 2005 there has been a downward trend in measured annual average SO 2 concentrations (Arboretum 46%, Brackenham 68%, CBD 25%, Harbour West 52% (since 2006) and Scorpio 47%). The reduction in emissions is most likely related to a reduction in production which could be the result of a number of reasons, including load shedding, the increase in the cost of electricity and the downturn in the economy. We therefore strongly recommend that the emission inventory for Richards Bay, done in 2004, be revisited. In May 2008 Bayside Aluminium reduced its production and it s emissions by 53% (from 4454 tpa to 2102 tpa); the effects of this on measurements at, the closest stations (Harbour West and Scorpio) are noticeable. 6 of 62

7 Figure C: Wind roses for Arboretum (July 2010 and 2009) (a) Arboretum wind rose July 2010 The average wind speed in July 2010 was 3.3 m/s with 3.7% calms. Predominant winds blew from two sectors: NW to NNE and S to SSW; most of the higher speed winds (>8 m/s) were from the sector: S to SSW. (b) Arboretum wind rose July 2009 The average wind speed in July 2009 was 3.2 m/s, with 3.7% calms. Predominant winds blew from three sectors: NW to NNE, S to SW and E; most of the higher speed winds (>8 m/s) were from the sector: S to SSW. 7 of 62

8 Figure D: July 2010 maximum predicted daily average SO 2 concentration (regional) Figure E: July 2010 maximum predicted daily average SO 2 concentration (local) 8 of 62

9 Maximum predicted daily average concentrations The model predicted maximum daily average SO 2 concentrations greater than the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Average Standard (48 ppb) over the CBD, Felixton, Hillside Aluminium and Mondi Richards Bay. The half-guideline includes parts of Arboretum, Arboretum Extension, Bayside Aluminium, Foskor, the Port of Richards Bay and Richards Bay Minerals. Figure F: July 2010 maximum daily average SO 2 concentration and prediction There were two measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Average Standard (48 ppb) case studies for these are attached (Appendix 5). Daily average predicted values at all stations were within accepted dispersion modelling norms (-50% to 200%) except for Harbour West which was under predicted and Brackenham which was over predicted. Compared to the measurements, predicted values at CBD and Harbour West were lower, at Arboretum and Scorpio similar (within 2.0 ppb or 10%), and at Brackenham higher. 9 of 62

10 SO 2 data There were two measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Standard, no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 10-minute or hourly standards. Table D: Maximum and monthly average SO 2 concentrations Maximum SO2 concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average Guideline (191 ppb) Guideline (134 ppb) Guideline (48 ppb) Guideline (19 ppb) % of guideline 59% 43% 35% 21% Arboretum (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/23 15: /07/24 00: /07/ /07 % of guideline 19% 13% 6% 5% Brackenham (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/23 15: /07/24 00: /07/ /07 % of guideline 55% 48% 59% 32% CBD (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/01 02: /07/01 08: /07/ /07 % of guideline 85% 92% 105% 67% Harbour West (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/06 08: /07/06 06: /07/ /07 % of guideline 80% 88% 108% 74% Scorpio (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/08 12: /07/06 19: /07/ /07 Trends for measured SO 2 concentrations are contained in Section of 62

11 TRS data There are no guidelines or standards for TRS; however the odour threshold for H 2 S is 4.5 ppb. TRS 10-minute averages exceeded this threshold 77 times. Table E: Maximum and monthly average TRS concentrations Maximum TRS concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) % of H₂S odour threshold 713% 369% 67% 20% CBD (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/01 18: /07/01 18: /07/ /07 Trends for measured TRS concentrations are contained in Section 4. PM 10 data There were two measured exceedances of the SANS PM 10 Daily Limit Value, no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA PM 10 Daily Standard. Table F: Maximum and monthly average PM 10 concentrations Maximum PM10 concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average (Guideline 75μg/m³) (Guideline 40μg/m³) % of guideline % 75% Brackenham µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/23 22: /07/23 22: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 88% CBD µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/02 08: /07/02 08: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 73% Mtunzini µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/06 23: /07/06 23: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 48% St Lucia µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/15 17: /07/15 18: /07/ /07 Trends for measured PM 10 concentrations are contained in Section of 62

12 Air quality complaints There were 39 air quality complaints received for the month of July 2010 (see Appendix 4). The historical count of complaints by month is reflected below. There were 12 complaints logged during the same period last year. Figure G: Comparison of number of air quality complaints per month Figure H: Air quality complaints by source 12 of 62

13 Network data capture and operation Data capture shows the percentage of the month where the station as a whole was operational; while the SO 2, PM 10, and TRS data capture indicates the percentage of valid data received from the respective analysers for the month. Data capture for July 2010 is shown in the table below. Table G: Ambient air quality data capture Data capture (%) for RBCAA system Station Data (%) SO2 (%) PM10 (%) TRS (%) Arboretum Brackenham CBD Harbour West Scorpio Mtunzini St Lucia Average Notes: Target 80%, Good 90%, Excellent 95% Station, SO 2, PM 10 and TRS data capture for July 2010 was above target. 13 of 62

14 REPORT DETAILS REFERENCE AQ002 REPORT TITLE Monthly Report: July 2010 DATE SUBMITTED July 2010 CLIENT Sandy Camminga PO Box Richards Bay 3900 Tel: (035) PREPARED BY: Lance Coetzee 6 Sookhai Place Derby Downs Westville Durban, 3630 Tel: (031) info@ecoserv.com SIGNED APPROVER STATUS NOTICE Signed: Lance Coetzee Project Manager Grant Ravenscroft Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Technical Signatory Final This document is issued by the Company under its General Conditions of Service accessible at Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects the Company s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client s instructions, if any. The Company s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. 14 of 62

15 TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION 19 2 METEOROLOGY 22 3 MONITORING AND MODELLED RESULTS FOR SO Ambient Air Quality Standards Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums Monthly Average Information Daily Average Information Hourly Average Information minute Average Information Diurnal Trend 44 4 MONITORED RESULTS FOR TRS Ambient Air Quality Standards Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums Monthly Average Information Daily Average Information Hourly Average Information minute Average Information Diurnal Trend 50 5 MONITORED RESULTS FOR PM Ambient Air Quality Standards Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums Monthly Average Information Daily Average Information Diurnal Trend 55 6 COMPLIANCE WITH GUIDELINES 56 7 AIR QUALITY COMPLAINTS Field Observations Distribution of Complaints by Source Distribution of Complaints by Region Distribution of Complaints by Type 62 APPENDIX 1 Quality Assurance Statement APPENDIX 2 Network data capture and operation APPENDIX 3 Dispersion simulation inputs APPENDIX 4 Air Quality Complaints Log APPENDIX 5 Case Studies 15 of 62

16 LIST OF FIGURES Description Page Figure 1.1: RBCAA s monitoring network 19 Figure 2.1: Wind roses for Arboretum (July 2010 and 2009) 22 Figure 3.1: Long term monthly average SO2 concentrations 27 Figure 3.2: Monthly average SO2 concentration and prediction (July 2010) 28 Figure 3.3: Predicted monthly average SO2 concentration (regional) 29 Figure 3.4: Predicted monthly average SO2 concentration (local) 30 Figure 3.5: Maximum daily average SO2 concentration and prediction 32 Figure 3.6: Maximum predicted daily average SO2 concentration (regional) 33 Figure 3.7: Maximum predicted daily average SO2 concentration (local) 34 Figure 3.8: Daily average SO2 concentration 35 Figure 3.9: Maximum hourly average SO2 concentration and prediction 36 Figure 3.10: Maximum predicted hourly average SO2 concentration (regional) 37 Figure 3.11: Maximum predicted hourly average SO2 concentration (local) 38 Figure 3.12: Hourly average SO2 concentration 39 Figure 3.13: Maximum 10-minute average SO2 concentration and prediction 40 Figure 3.14: Maximum predicted 10-minute average SO2 concentration (regional) 41 Figure 3.15: Maximum predicted 10-minute average SO2 concentration (local) 42 Figure 3.16: 10-minute average SO2 concentration 43 Figure 3.17: Diurnal SO2 trends 44 Figure 4.1: Long term monthly average TRS concentrations 46 Figure 4.2: Daily average TRS at CBD 47 Figure 4.3: Hourly average TRS at CBD 48 Figure 4.4: 10-minute average TRS at CBD 49 Figure 4.5: Diurnal TRS trend at CBD 50 Figure 5.1: Long term monthly average PM10 concentrations 53 Figure 5.2: Daily average PM10 at Brackenham and CBD 54 Figure 5.3: PM10 diurnal trend 55 Figure 6.1: SO2 exceedances per month Figure 6.2: SO2 exceedances per month Figure 6.3: SO2 exceedances per month Figure 6.4: SO2 exceedances per month Figure 6.5: SO2 exceedances per month Figure 7.1: Comparison of number of complaints per month 59 Figure 7.2: Distribution of complaints by source 60 Figure 7.3: Distribution of complaints by source YTD 60 Figure 7.4: Distribution of complaints by region 61 Figure 7.5: Distribution of complaints by region YTD 61 Figure 7.6: Distribution of complaints by type 62 Figure 7.7: Distribution of complaints by type YTD of 62

17 LIST OF TABLES Description Page Table 1.1: Ambient air quality standards for SO Table 1.2: Ambient air quality standards for PM Table 3.1: Ambient air quality standards for SO Table 3.2: SO2 Exceedances Table 3.3: SO2 Maximums Table 4.1: TRS Maximums Table 5.1: Ambient air quality standards for PM Table 5.2: PM10 Exceedances Table 5.3: PM10 Maximums of 62

18 ABBREVIATIONS Degrees C Degrees Celsius µg/m 3 Microgram per cubic metre CH 3 -S-CH 3 Dimethyl sulphide CH 3 S-H Methyl mercaptan CH 3 -S-S-CH 3 Dimethyl disulphide DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (RSA) E East ENE East north east ESE East south east g/s Grams per second K Kelvin m Metres m/s Metres per second N North NE North East NEMAQA National Environmental Management Air Quality Act NNE North north east NNW North north west NW North west PM 10 Fine particulate matter ppb Parts per billion RBCAA S South SANAS South African National Accreditation Service SANS South African Standards SE South east SO 2 Sulphur dioxide SSE South south east SSW South south west SW South west tpa Tons per annum TRS Total reduced sulphur US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency W West WD Wind direction WNW West north west WS Wind speed WSW West south west 18 of 62

19 1 INTRODUCTION This report summarises the sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), total reduced sulphur (TRS) and fine particulate (PM 10 ) monitoring data gathered by the RBCAA monitoring network for the month of July The monitoring network consists of 10 stations: Arboretum Brackenham CBD (situated in the Sports Complex) Harbour West (near the western entrance to the harbour) Scorpio (intersection of John Ross Highway and West Central Arterial) Mtunzini St Lucia Airport (at Richards Bay Airport) Bayside (next to Bayside Aluminium) RBM (situated at Richards Bay Minerals) Figure 1.1: RBCAA s monitoring network 19 of 62

20 SO 2 is measured at Arboretum, Brackenham, CBD, Scorpio, and Harbour West, TRS at CBD and PM 10 at Brackenham, CBD, Mtunzini and St Lucia. Meteorology is measured at all stations with the exception of CBD. The monitoring system, as maintained by SGS Environmental Services, is accredited by the South African National Accreditation Service (SANAS) for the measurement of SO 2. Applicable quality controls and measurement methods are listed in Appendix 1. Measured results pertain to instantaneous samples drawn from air passing the above fixed stations, and care should be taken when extrapolating these results to surrounding areas. All results are reported at standard temperature and pressure. Measured SO 2 concentrations over various time scales are compared to percentile concentrations predicted by the Hawk Air Pollution Dispersion Model. The Hawk Model SO 2 concentrations are based on ambient meteorological conditions and an emission inventory. Opinions, interpretations, meteorological data and Hawk Model findings presented in this report do not form part of the SANAS accreditation. Modelled SO 2 concentrations, using the Hawk Dispersion Model, are presented and results are compared to the monitored concentrations. 20 of 62

21 It is also the intention of this report to highlight certain incidents and exceedances of air quality standards. The National Environment Management Air Quality Act (NEMAQA), Schedule 2 Standards for SO 2 (Act 39 of 2004, published 24 February 2006) are listed in Table 1.1 below. Table 1.1: Ambient air quality standards for SO 2 Organisation Variable 10-min average Hourly average Daily average Monthly average Annual average NEMAQA [a] SO2 500 µg/m³ [c] 350 µg/m³ [d] 125 µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] 191 ppb [c] 134 ppb [d] 48 ppb [e] 19 ppb [f] Notes: [a] SA Government Gazette (published 24 th December 2009) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 [c] Not to be exceeded more than 526 times in one year. [d] Not to be exceeded more than 88 times in one year. [e] Not to be exceeded more than 4 times in one year. [f] Not to be exceeded. Additional pollutants measured, as part of the RBCAA monitoring programme, include TRS and PM 10 ; the results of which are presented in Section 4 and 5 of this report. The NEMAQA, Schedule 2 Standards for PM 10 (Act 39 of 2004, published 24 February 2006) are listed in Table 1.2. Table 1.2: Ambient air quality standards for PM 10 Organisation Variable 10-min average Hourly average Daily average Monthly average Annual average NEMAQA [a] PM µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] SANS [b] PM µg/m³ [e] - 40 µg/m³ [f] Notes: [a] SA Government Gazette (published 24 th December 2009) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 [b] SABS Draft South African National Standard SANS1929:2009 [e] Not to be exceeded more than 4 times in one year. [f] Not to be exceeded. 21 of 62

22 2 METEOROLOGY Figure 2.1: Wind roses for Arboretum (July 2010 and 2009) (a) Arboretum wind rose July 2010 The average wind speed in July 2010 was 3.3 m/s with 3.7% calms. Predominant winds blew from two sectors: NW to NNE and S to SSW; most of the higher speed winds (>8 m/s) were from the sector: S to SSW. (b) Arboretum wind rose July of 62

23 The average wind speed in July 2009 was 3.2 m/s, with 3.7% calms. Predominant winds blew from three sectors: NW to NNE, S to SW and E; most of the higher speed winds (>8 m/s) were from the sector: S to SSW. 23 of 62

24 3 MONITORING AND MODELLED RESULTS FOR SO 2 In this section of the report, SO 2 concentrations measured at the fixed monitoring stations and SO 2 concentrations calculated by the Hawk Dispersion Model are compared. The Hawk Dispersion Model uses meteorological and topographical data, and an emission inventory to simulate the prevailing conditions in order to estimate the concentration of SO 2 at any given point within the area of interest. This requires the use of certain assumptions, resulting in a variation between the modelled and measured SO 2 concentrations presented. The concentration maps generated using the Hawk Model represent the cumulative concentrations predicted at receptor grid points by means of concentration isopleths, averaged over the required time period. The predicted concentrations in these dose maps may vary from actual concentrations. All modelled concentrations are reported at the 99 th percentile, unless otherwise stated. The national annual average standard of 19 ppb is the basis for comparison for monthly averaging, as there is no monthly average SO 2 standard. This results in the comparison of modelled and guideline SO 2 concentrations being more conservative. Limitations of dispersion models are their inability to account for highly complex, rapidly varying spatial and temporal meteorological systems such as calms, coastal fumigation, sea / land breeze recirculation, and mountain and valley winds, particularly in complex terrain or near coastal boundaries. The US EPA considers the range of uncertainty to be -50% to 200% for models applied to gently rolling terrain. The accuracy improves with fairly strong wind speeds and during neutral atmospheric conditions. Dispersion modelling results can be compared with monitored values in order to improve the accuracy or calibrate models using percentiles. 24 of 62

25 An investigation in July 2007 compared the measured values to the 98 th, 99 th and 100 th percentile. The investigation concluded that the 99 th percentile more closely approximated measured values. The RBCAA has therefore decided to use the 99 th percentile across all averaging periods. Previously, the 99 th percentile was used for monthly, daily and hourly averaging periods while the 100 th percentile for was used for 10-minute averaging periods. The extent of the effects on maximum 10-minute concentration maps will therefore appear greatly reduced. This does not indicate that there has been any reduction in emissions or improvement in air quality. 3.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards Ambient air quality standards for SO 2 are listed below. Table 3.1: Ambient air quality standards for SO 2 Organisation Variable 10-min average Hourly average Daily average Monthly average Annual average NEMAQA [a] SO2 500 µg/m³ [c] 350 µg/m³ [d] 125 µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] 191 ppb [c] 134 ppb [d] 48 ppb [e] 19 ppb [f] Notes: [a] SA Government Gazette (published 24 th December 2009) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 [c] Not to be exceeded more than 526 times in one year. [d] Not to be exceeded more than 88 times in one year. [e] Not to be exceeded more than 4 times in one year. [f] Not to be exceeded. 25 of 62

26 3.2 Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums There were two measured exceedance of the NEMAQA Daily Standard and no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA 10-minute or hourly standards. Table 3.2: SO 2 Exceedances SO2 Exceedances Guideline Station Date Value (ppb) Apportionment NEMAQA daily (48 ppb) Harbour West 2010/07/06 50 Hillside Aluminium 98%, Foskor 2% NEMAQA daily (48 ppb) Scorpio 2010/07/06 52 Hillside Aluminium 100% Table 3.3: SO 2 Maximums Maximum SO2 concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average Guideline (191 ppb) Guideline (134 ppb) Guideline (48 ppb) Guideline (19 ppb) % of guideline 59% 43% 35% 21% Arboretum (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/23 15: /07/24 00: /07/ /07 % of guideline 19% 13% 6% 5% Brackenham (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/23 15: /07/24 00: /07/ /07 % of guideline 55% 48% 59% 32% CBD (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/01 02: /07/01 08: /07/ /07 % of guideline 85% 92% 105% 67% Harbour West (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/06 08: /07/06 06: /07/ /07 % of guideline 80% 88% 108% 74% Scorpio (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/08 12: /07/06 19: /07/ /07 26 of 62

27 3.3 Monthly Average Information Long term monthly average SO 2 concentrations are shown below. Figure 3.1: Long term monthly average SO 2 concentrations 27 of 62

28 3.3.1 Monthly average concentration and prediction The monthly average SO 2 measured at each of the RBCAA stations, and the Hawk predicted average for the month are shown below. The monthly average for the same period the previous year (where available) is also provided. Figure 3.2: Monthly average SO 2 concentration and prediction (July 2010) When compared to the previous year, monthly average SO 2 concentrations at Arboretum, Brackenham were similar (within 2.0 ppb or 10%) and at CBD, Harbour West and Scorpio higher. There were no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Annual Average Standard (19 ppb). Monthly average predicted values at all stations were within accepted dispersion modelling norms (-50% to 200%). Compared to the measurements, predicted values at Arboretum, Brackenham, CBD and Harbour West were similar (within 2.0 ppb or 10%) and at Scorpio higher. 28 of 62

29 3.3.2 Predicted monthly average concentration Figure 3.3: Predicted monthly average SO 2 concentration (regional) 29 of 62

30 Figure 3.4: Predicted monthly average SO 2 concentration (local) 30 of 62

31 The model predicted monthly average concentrations greater than the NEMAQA SO 2 Annual Average Standard (19 ppb) over the Hillside Aluminium and Mondi Richards Bay. The half-guideline includes parts of Bayside Aluminium, the CBD, Felixton, Foskor, the Port of Richards Bay and Richards Bay Minerals. 31 of 62

32 3.4 Daily Average Information Maximum daily average concentration and prediction Figure 3.5: Maximum daily average SO 2 concentration and prediction There were two measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Average Standard (48 ppb), case studies for these are attached (Appendix 5). Daily average predicted values at all stations were within accepted dispersion modelling norms (-50% to 200%) except for Harbour West which was under predicted and Brackenham which was over predicted. Compared to the measurements, predicted values at CBD and Harbour West were lower, at Arboretum and Scorpio similar (within 2.0 ppb or 10%) and at Brackenham higher. 32 of 62

33 3.4.2 Maximum predicted daily average concentration Figure 3.6: Maximum predicted daily average SO 2 concentration (regional) 33 of 62

34 Figure 3.7: Maximum predicted daily average SO 2 concentration (local) 34 of 62

35 The model predicted maximum daily average SO 2 concentrations greater than the NEMAQA SO 2 Daily Average Standard (48 ppb) over the CBD, Felixton, Hillside Aluminium and Mondi Richards Bay. The half-guideline includes parts of Arboretum, Arboretum Extension, Bayside Aluminium, Foskor, the Port of Richards Bay and Richards Bay Minerals Daily average trend Figure 3.8: Daily average SO 2 concentration 35 of 62

36 3.5 Hourly Average Information Maximum hourly average concentration and prediction Figure 3.9: Maximum hourly average SO 2 concentration and prediction There were no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 Hourly Average Standard (134 ppb). Hourly average predicted values at all stations were within accepted dispersion modelling norms (-50% to 200%) except for Harbour West which was under predicted. Compared to the measurements predicted values at CBD and Harbour West were lower, at Arboretum, Brackenham, CBD and Scorpio higher. 36 of 62

37 3.5.2 Maximum predicted hourly average concentration Figure 3.10: Maximum predicted hourly average SO 2 concentration (regional) 37 of 62

38 Figure 3.11: Maximum predicted hourly average SO 2 concentration (local) 38 of 62

39 The model predicted maximum daily average SO 2 concentrations greater than the NEMAQA SO 2 Standard (134 ppb) over Felixton and Richards Bay Minerals. The halfguideline includes parts of Arboretum, Arboretum Extension, Bayside Aluminium the CBD, Foskor, Hillside Aluminium, Mondi Richards Bay, Richards Bay Minerals and Veldenvlei Hourly average trend Figure 3.12: Hourly average SO 2 concentration 39 of 62

40 minute Average Information Maximum 10-minute average concentration and prediction Figure 3.13: Maximum 10-minute average SO 2 concentration and prediction There were no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA SO 2 10-minute Average Standard (191 ppb). Predicted 10-minute average values for all stations were within normal dispersion modelling norms (-50% to 200%) except for CBD and Harbour West which were under predicted. Compared to the measurements, predicted values at Arboretum, Brackenham, CBD and Harbour West were lower, and at Scorpio similar (within 2 ppb or 10%). 40 of 62

41 3.6.2 Maximum predicted 10-minute concentration Figure 3.14: Maximum predicted 10-minute average SO 2 concentration (regional) 41 of 62

42 Figure 3.15: Maximum predicted 10-minute average SO 2 concentration (local) 42 of 62

43 The model did not predict maximum 10-minute average SO 2 concentrations greater than the NEMAQA 10-minute Standard (191 ppb). The half-guideline includes parts of Arboretum Extension, Bayside Aluminium, the CBD, Felixton, Foskor, Hillside Aluminium, Mondi Richards Bay, and Richards Bay Minerals. Figure 3.16: 10-minute average SO 2 concentration 43 of 62

44 3.7 Diurnal Trend Diurnal SO 2 trends for the RBCAA network are shown below. Figure 3.17: Diurnal SO 2 trends 44 of 62

45 4 MONITORED RESULTS FOR TRS TRS are measured at CBD station. Total reduced sulphur compounds, often associated with rotten egg or cooked cabbage odour, refer to a gaseous mixture of compounds consisting mainly of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), methyl mercaptan (CH 3 S-H), dimethyl sulphide (CH 3 -S-CH 3 ) and dimethyl disulphide (CH 3 -S-S-CH 3 ). While there are other ambient TRS compounds, these four are the most common, abundant and the ones generally referred to in discussions about TRS. Once released into the atmosphere, oxidation products of TRS compounds, such as sulphuric acid, contribute to the acidity of the environment. The most commonly reported health concerns related to TRS substances are nausea and headaches, although each component has its own characteristics and effects. 4.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards There are no guidelines or standards for TRS; however the odour threshold for H 2 S is 4.5 ppb. TRS 10-minute averages exceeded this threshold 77 times. 4.2 Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums Table 4.1: TRS Maximums Maximum TRS concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) (Threshold 4.5 ppb) % of H₂S odour threshold 713% 369% 67% 20% CBD (ppb) Date & time 2010/07/01 18: /07/01 18: /07/ /07 45 of 62

46 4.3 Monthly Average Information Long term monthly average TRS concentrations are shown below. Figure 4.1: Long term monthly average TRS concentrations 46 of 62

47 4.4 Daily Average Information Daily Average Trend The daily average TRS trend at CBD is shown below. Figure 4.2: Daily average TRS at CBD 47 of 62

48 4.5 Hourly Average Information Hourly Average Trend The hourly average TRS trend at CBD is shown below. Figure 4.3: Hourly average TRS at CBD 48 of 62

49 minute Average Information Minute Average Trend The 10-minute average TRS trend at CBD is shown below. Figure 4.4: 10-minute average TRS at CBD 49 of 62

50 4.7 Diurnal Trend The diurnal TRS trend at CBD network is shown below. Figure 4.5: Diurnal TRS trend at CBD 50 of 62

51 5 MONITORED RESULTS FOR PM 10 PM 10 refers to the measurement of particulate matter of less than 10 microns. The TEOM instruments at the Brackenham, CBD, Mtunzini and St Lucia stations measure PM 10 data continuously. 5.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards Ambient air quality standards for PM 10 are listed below. Table 5.1: Ambient air quality standards for PM 10 Organisation Variable 10-min average Hourly average Daily average Monthly average Annual average NEMAQA [a] PM µg/m³ [e] - 50 µg/m³ [f] SANS [b] PM µg/m³ [e] - 40 µg/m³ [f] Notes: [a] SA Government Gazette (24 th December 2009) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004 [b] SABS Draft South African National Standard SANS1929:2009 [e] Not to be exceeded more than 4 times in one year. [f] Not to be exceeded. 51 of 62

52 5.2 Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards and Maximums There were five measured exceedances of the SANS PM 10 Daily Standard, no measured exceedances of the NEMAQA Daily Standard. Table 5.2: PM 10 Exceedances PM10 Exceedances Guideline Station Date Value (μg/m³ TEOM) Apportionment SANS Daily (75μg/m³) CBD 2010/07/08 76 umhlatuze Municipality 100% SANS Daily (75μg/m³) CBD 2010/07/23 82 umhlatuze Municipality 100% Table 5.3: PM 10 Maximums Maximum PM10 concentrations Station 10 Minute Average Hourly Average Daily Average Monthly Average (Guideline 75μg/m³) (Guideline 40μg/m³) % of guideline % 75% Brackenham µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/23 22: /07/23 22: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 88% CBD µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/02 08: /07/02 08: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 73% Mtunzini µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/06 23: /07/06 23: /07/ /07 % of guideline % 48% St Lucia µg/m 3 TEOM Date & Time 2010/07/15 17: /07/15 18: /07/ /07 52 of 62

53 5.3 Monthly Average Information Long term monthly average PM 10 concentrations are shown below. Figure 5.1: Long term monthly average PM 10 concentrations 53 of 62

54 5.4 Daily Average Information Daily Average Trend Figure 5.2: Daily average PM 10 at Brackenham and CBD 54 of 62

55 5.5 Diurnal Trend The diurnal trend for PM 10 at CBD and Brackenham stations is shown in below. Figure 5.3: PM 10 diurnal trend 55 of 62

56 6 COMPLIANCE WITH GUIDELINES Figures 6.1 to 6.5 show total numbers of SO 2 standard exceedances per month measured at the RBCAA monitoring stations from 2006 to Figure 6.1: SO 2 exceedances per month of 62

57 Figure 6.2: SO 2 exceedances per month 2009 Figure 6.3: SO 2 exceedances per month of 62

58 Figure 6.4: SO 2 exceedances per month 2007 Figure 6.5: SO 2 exceedances per month of 62

59 7 AIR QUALITY COMPLAINTS 7.1 Field Observations There were 39 air quality complaints received for the month of July 2010 (see Appendix 4). The historical count of complaints by month is reflected below. There were 12 complaints logged during the same period last year. Figure 7.1: Comparison of number of complaints per month Number of complaints RBCAA Number of complaints per month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec of 62

60 7.2 Distribution of Complaints by Source Figure 7.2: Distribution of complaints by source Figure 7.3: Distribution of complaints by source YTD 60 of 62

61 7.3 Distribution of Complaints by Region Figure 7.4: Distribution of complaints by region Figure 7.5: Distribution of complaints by region YTD 61 of 62

62 7.4 Distribution of Complaints by Type Figure 7.6: Distribution of complaints by type Figure 7.7: Distribution of complaints by type YTD 62 of 62

63 APPENDIX 1 Quality Assurance Statement The SO 2 concentrations reported are determined by a United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) equivalent method EQSA SO 2 and TRS measurements allow for a maximum precision error of 10% of the reported value. A tolerance around the zero point of plus or minus 5 ppb is allowed. All effort is made to reduce the error to a minimum. In terms of quality assurance standards, data collection must be above 80% to be valid for statistical analysis. Test Range Action Zero Span Zero 0 to 2 ppb Leave as is. -2 to 0 ppb Set to zero. -5 to -2 ppb and 2 to 5 ppb Adjust data set to re-zero all data Outside above limits invalidate and recalibrate. Span Plus or minus 3% deviation. -10 to -3% and 3 to 10% deviation. Outside above limits invalidate and recalibrate. If specific reason can be identified for deviation, data may be adjusted. Leave as is. Scale data set by opposite corresponding percentage. If specific reason can be identified for deviation, data may be adjusted. Note that the system is accredited for the measurement of SO 2 only. The accreditation does not include the measurement of TRS, PM 10, or meteorological variables (e.g. wind, temperature). All opinions, interpretations and Hawk Model findings detailed in this report do not form part of the accreditation.

64 APPENDIX 2 Network data capture and operation Ambient Air Quality Data Capture Data capture shows the percentage of the month where the station as a whole was operational, while the SO 2, PM 10, and TRS data capture indicate the percentage of valid data received from the respective analysers for the month. Data capture for July 2010 is shown in the table below. Table.1: Ambient air quality data capture Data capture (%) for RBCAA system Station Data (%) SO2 (%) PM10 (%) TRS (%) Arboretum Brackenham CBD Harbour West Scorpio Mtunzini St Lucia Average Notes: Target 80%, Good 90%, Excellent 95% Station, SO 2, PM 10 and TRS data capture for July 2010 was above target.

65 Network Operation General The SO 2 analyzer at the CBD monitoring station stopped functioning at 21:10 on 29 June 2010 and had to be replaced with the spare SO 2 analyzer from Arboretum. An 80 % calibration check was performed on the analyzer on 8 July All the air conditioner units at the Richards Bay monitoring stations were serviced on 6 July 2010 by the air conditioner specialist. An electronic fault on the printed circuit board of the air conditioner unit at Harbour West monitoring station caused the air conditioner to malfunction from 17 July 2010, the SO 2 analyzer had to be switched off from 14:30 on 19 July 2010 to 11:30 on 20 July 2010, after the a/c unit was repaired. Temperature cut-out devices, to cut the power supply to the monitoring stations, if not within a specified range, was installed to all the monitoring stations by an electrician during the week of 19 July The St Lucia PM 10 monitoring station had a power failure from 18:50 on 29 July 2010 to 08:00 on 30 July A possible cause for the power failure was the heavy rain storm that occurred at the station. An electrician will investigate the cause of the power failure. The following sensors at the meteorological stations are faulty and should be replaced with the next met calibrations. Airport - Solar Radiation Bayside - 02m Bayside - 40m RBM - Relative Humidity

66 Arboretum Table.2: Arboretum SO 2 analyser zero and span checks Station Check 2010/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/30 Arboretum Zero Deviation (ppb) SO 2 Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) API-1980 Span deviation (%) 0.0 % 0.9 % 2.7 % 1.8 % 0.9 % Notes: Quality Assurance Objectives: Precision ±15%, Completeness >80%, Level 1 Span ±15%, Zero ±10 ppb *Explanation under log for the station concerned Table.3: Arboretum station log Date Action 2010/07/02 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/09 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/16 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/23 Station check completed, no problems found. A temperature cut-out device was installed on 23/7/ /07/30 Station check completed, no problems found. Table.4: Arboretum status report Status Valid Data Invalid Data SO % 0.5 % Temp 99.9 % 0.1 % Internal Temp 99.9 % 0.1 % WD 99.9 % 0.1 % WS 99.9 % 0.1 %

67 Brackenham Table.5: Brackenham SO 2 analyser zero and span checks Station Check 2010/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/30 Brackenham Zero Deviation (ppb) SO 2 Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) B Span deviation (%) -4.8 % -4.8 % -2.7 % -1.7% -2.8 % Notes: Quality Assurance Objectives: Precision ±15%, Completeness >80%, Level 1 Span ±15%, Zero ±10 ppb *Explanation under log for the station concerned Table.6: Brackenham station log Date Action 2010/07/02 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/09 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/16 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/23 Station check completed, no problems found. A temperature cut-out device was installed on 23/7/ /07/30 Station check completed, no problems found. Table.7: Brackenham status report Status Valid Data Invalid Data SO % 0.4 % PM % 0.4 % Temp 99.9 % 0.1 % Internal Temp 99.9 % 0.1 % WD 99.9 % 0.1 % WS 99.9 % 0.1 %

68 CBD Table.8: CBD SO 2 analyser zero and span checks Station Check 2010/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/30 CBD Zero Deviation (ppb) SO 2 Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) M2015-M736 Span deviation (%) 0.0 % 0.5 % 2.7 % 1.6 % 2.2 % CBD Zero Deviation (ppb) TRS Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) M1912-M714 Span deviation (%) 0.4 % 0.4 % 1.2 % 0.4 % 0.4 % Notes: Quality Assurance Objectives: Precision ±15%, Completeness >80%, Level 1 Span ±15%, Zero ±10 ppb *Explanation under log for the station concerned Table.9: CBD station log Date Action 2010/07/02 Station check completed, no problems found. The spare SO2 analyzer was installed on 29/6/ /07/09 Station check completed, no problems found. The calibration of the spare analyzer installed was checked with an 80 % single point calibration. 2010/07/16 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/23 Station check completed, no problems found. A temperature cut-out device was installed on 19/7/ /07/30 Station check completed, no problems found. Table.10: CBD status report Status Valid Data Invalid Data SO % 0.3 % TRS 99.8 % 0.2 % PM % 0.5 % Internal Temp % 0.0 %

69 Harbour West Table.11: Harbour West SO 2 analyser zero and span checks Station Check 2010/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/30 Harbour West Zero Deviation (ppb) SO 2 Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) B Span deviation (%) -1.1 % 1.1 % - 1.1% 3.4% 1.1 % Notes: Quality Assurance Objectives: Precision ±15%, Completeness >80%, Level 1 Span ±15%, Zero ±10 ppb *Explanation under log for the station concerned Table.12: Harbour West station log Date Action 2010/07/02 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/09 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/16 Station check completed, no problems found. Station check completed, no problems found. An electronic fault on the PC board of the air 2010/07/23 conditioner unit caused the a/c to malfunction from 17/7/2010 and the SO2 analyzer had to be switched off from 14:30 on 19/7/2010 to 11:30 on 20/7/2010 after the a/c unit was repaired. 2010/07/30 Station check completed, no problems found. Table.13: Harbour West status report Status Valid Data Invalid Data SO % 2.9 % Temp % 0.0 % Internal Temp % 0.0 % WD % 0.0 % WS % 0.0 %

70 Scorpio Table.14: Scorpio SO 2 analyser zero and span checks Station Check 2010/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/30 Scorpio Zero Deviation (ppb) SO 2 Span Reference (ppb) Analyser Span Actual (ppb) Serial Number Span Deviation (ppb) M1238-M860 Span deviation (%) 0.7 % 2.5 % 2.8 % 4.9 % 1.1% Notes: Quality Assurance Objectives: Precision ±15%, Completeness >80%, Level 1 Span ±15%, Zero ±10 ppb *Explanation under log for the station concerned Table.15: Scorpio station log Date Action 2010/07/02 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/09 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/16 Station check completed, no problems found. 2010/07/23 Station check completed, no problems found. A temperature cut-out device was installed on 20/7/ /07/30 Station check completed, no problems found. Table.16: Scorpio status report Status Valid Data Invalid Data SO % 0.5 % Temp 99.8 % 0.2 % Internal Temp 99.8 % 0.2 % WD 99.8 % 0.2 % WS 99.8 % 0.2 %

71 APPENDIX 3 Dispersion simulation inputs Source Emission Data Table.17: Source emission summary Group SO 2 Emission Rate (g/s) SO 2 Emission Rate (tpa) SO 2 Emission (%) AAFC % Bayside Aluminium % Foskor % Hillside Aluminium % Huletts % Mondi Felixton % Mondi RB % RBM % TATA Steel % Exxaro % Total %

72 Table 18: Point source emission parameters Group Description Source No LoX (m) LoY (m) Model X (m) Model Y (m) Base Elevation (m) Release Height Above Ground (m) SO 2 Emission Rate (g/s) Stack Gas Exit Temperature ( C) Stack Gas Exit Temperature (K) Stack Gas Exit Velocity (m/s) Stack Inside Diameter At Release Height (m) AAFC Boiler Bayside Aluminium Primary No Bayside Aluminium Primary No Bayside Aluminium Primary No Bayside Aluminium Carbon Stack Bayside Aluminium GTC Stack Foskor Acid Plant Foskor Boiler Hillside Aluminium GTC Hillside Aluminium GTC Hillside Aluminium GTC Hillside Aluminium GTC Hillside Aluminium GTC Hillside Aluminium FTC Huletts Boiler Mondi Felixton Babcock Mondi Felixton JT Boiler Mondi Felixton Oil Burner Mondi RB Lime Kiln Mondi RB Incinerator Mondi RB Power Boiler RBM Smokers RBM Char Plant RBM MSP (Drier) RBM Miscellaneous Exxaro Tank

73 Table 19: Area source emission parameters Group Description Source No LoX (m) LoY (m) Model X (m) Model Y (m) Base Elevation (m) Release Height Above Ground (m) SO 2 Emission Rate (g/s) SO 2 Emission Rate (g/s/m 2 ) Length of The X Side Of The Area (m) Length of The Y Side Of The Area (m) Orientation Angle From North ( ) Initial Vertical Dim. of The Plume Bayside Aluminium Potrooms Hillside Aluminium Potrooms

74 Dispersion model settings Table 20: Dispersion model meteorological parameters Dispersion Coefficients Urban Airport Brackenham Met Stations Used Harbour West Scorpio Roughness Length 1.2 Table 21: Dispersion model setup parameters Averaging Time 10 minutes Resolution Medium Averaging Options Highest short term average Highest hourly average Highest daily average Annual average Maximum Concentration Calculation Don t calculate with every cycle Divergence Criterion 0.1 Wind directional change for full mass balance calculation 5 degrees Wind directional change for full mass balance calculation 0.1 m/s Interpolation Radius of Influence 1000 m Barrier Limiting Height 10 Maximum Puff Separation Distance 50 m Puff Diffusion Update Time Interval 60 s Puff Advection Update Time Interval 60 s Dosage Time Step Time Interval 60 s

75 APPENDIX 4 Air Quality Complaints Log No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution 1 Sandy 2010/07/01 Veldenvlei, 33 Lingering Mondi odour Mondi RB: Candice Webb Resolved - Camminga 05:45 Heideheuwel responded. Wind Mondi RB ( ) Direction: 210 deg Wind speed: 4.7 m/s Kiln TRS 2.0 ppm CRU 1 TRS 1.7 ppm CRU 2 TRS 6.4 ppm Problems experienced with a Recovery Boiler precipitator resulted in a TRS spike. The maintenance department was immediately called and the problem was resolved within 11 minutes. Mondi is the likely source of this odour. TRS measurements from Mondi stations for 1 July: Mondi Alton (E of Mondi) at 5h45 0ppb Mondi Landfill (NE of Mondi) at 5h45-13ppb Mondi UVS (SW of Mondi) at 5h45 2 Sandy Camminga ( ) 3 Sandy Camminga ( ) 2010/07/01 14: /07/01 14:30 Arboretum, Swimming pool Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Foskor type odour of short duration. Mondi odour causing nausea. 0.2ppb Foskor: Dhireen Ramsaroop responded: Wind direction = 210 degrees (direction of Arboretum) Wind speed = 2.6 m/s Process Conditions: Sulphuric Acid Actual Measurement (ppm) Permit Limits (ppm) A Plant offline 600 B Plant offline 600 C Plant Phosphoric Acid Plant Effluent ph = 6.8 No upset conditions experienced. Granulation Plant No upset conditions experienced. The process conditions were normal with no upset conditions experienced. However based on wind direction it is possible that Foskor could have impacted on the odour. Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded. Prior to the time of the complaint, no process upsets were recorded, in addition no TRS exceedances were measures at any of the monitoring stations. Wind direction indicates the smell could Resolved - Foskor Resolved - Mondi RB

76 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution have originated from Mondi. Although it is possible that background odors from Mondi may have been the source, odour outside of Mondi may have contributed to this complaint. Consequently, Mondi would like to request a case study. Case Study Result: Dispersion modelling for 13:30, 14:00 and 14:30 on the 1st of July 2010 are shown above, on the basis of SO2 equivalents, Bayside Aluminium, Hillside Aluminium, Foskor, Mondi Richards Bay and TATA steel may have contributed to the odour experienced. Although other industries may have added to the pollution load Mondi Richards Bay is the only known source of TRS in the area. 4 B. Camminga ( ) 5 Sandy Camminga ( ) 6 B. Camminga ( ) 2010/07/01 14: /07/01 17: /07/01 17:45 Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Mondi odour causing nausea. Lingering Mondi odour Lingering Mondi odour Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded. Prior to the time of the complaint, no process upsets were recorded, in addition no TRS exceedances were measures at any of the monitoring stations. Wind direction indicates the smell could have originated from Mondi. Although it is possible that background odors from Mondi may have been the source, odour outside of Mondi may have contributed to this complaint. Consequently, Mondi would like to request a case study. Case Study Result: Dispersion modelling for 13:30, 14:00 and 14:30 on the 1st of July 2010 are shown above, on the basis of SO2 equivalents, Bayside Aluminium, Hillside Aluminium, Foskor, Mondi Richards Bay and TATA steel may have contributed to the odour experienced. Although other industries may have added to the pollution load Mondi Richards Bay is the only known source of TRS in the area. Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 17h45 and 18h10, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 17h45 and 18h10, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB

77 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution 7 K. Camminga ( ) 2010/07/01 17:45 Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Lingering Mondi odour Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 17h45 and 18h10, Mondi Resolved - Mondi RB 8 R. Camminga ( ) 9 Sandy Camminga ( ) 10 June Currie ( ) 11 Anita (via Dave Savides) 2010/07/01 17: /07/02 11: /07/11 11: /07/12 14:00 Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel CBD Central Sport Complex Lingering Mondi odour Dust Clouds generated by Grinding Activities of concrete athletics track. This results in Exceedance of SANS PM 10 limits at CBD Monitoring station. is the likely source of odour. Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 17h45 and 18h10, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Municipality RB: Gugu Gazu responded. Following the abovementioned complaint, Cyclone Construction was visited regarding their activities which involve grinding and scrabbling the concrete surface. They were advised to introduce a screen to prevent dust from spreading across. In the mean time they were advised to spray before grinding to minimize dust and also to check if wind is in their favor, in other words if it is too windy, they were advised to seize an operation for a while Nseleni " Gross Smell" Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. Prior to the time of the complaint wind direction was blowing at 226 degrees, from Mondi, directly across the Mondi Landfill monitoring station and through to Nseleni. However, the Landfill monitoring station did not record TRS exceedances which would have implicated Mondi as the source of the odour. Based on the low TRS values of the monitoring stations and the low emissions from the operation, it is unlikely that Mondi was the source of this odour. N2 Exxaro Mining Site Red Sandstorm coming from Exxaro Mining Site. Case Study Result: Dispersion modelling for 10:20, 10:50 and 11:20 on the 11th of July 2010 are shown above; the predicted plumes and description of the odour experienced suggest Mondi Richards Bay as the most likely source. Exarro: Garth Domingo Responded. The RED SANDSTORM observed on Monday 12 July 2010 was as a result of a 58km/h south westerly wind. Upon receiving the complaint, the water truck was sent to spray the dunes to reduce any further dust fallout from the area. The uncovered dunes will be Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - umhlathuze Municipality Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Exxaro

78 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution sprayed with slimes to prevent a similar reoccurrence in future. 12 Theuns ( ) 13 R. Camminga ( ) 14 Sandy Camminga ( ) 15 K Camminga ( ) 16 B Camminga ( ) 17 T E'Silva ( ) 18 Sandy Camminga ( ) 2010/07/13 16: /07/15 14: /07/16 18: /07/16 18: /07/16 18: /07/16 18: /07/19 21:00 JR Highway, Vicinity of Green Africa Nursery near Macerator Station Empangeni, 4th Street Kuleka Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Bad Smell complainant thinks it is coming from the Municipal macerator station. Excessive emissions from stack at the premises of Best Cut Factory situated in 5th Street, Kuleka. Mondi odour causing nausea. Mondi odour causing nausea. Mondi odour causing nausea. Mondi odour causing nausea. Intense smoke smell, causing respiratory symptoms umhlatuze Municipality: Gugu Gazu responded. The complaint was reported to Pikkie van Zyl from City Engineers Service Centre. His response is as follows: There are environmentally friendly sewerage musk spray that are normally used for Macerator Station to prevent smell, however those sprays got finished. Resolution: The City Engineer's Section did put an order for those sprays and are still awaited. Mondi RB: Candice Web responded. A vent from the NCG system occurred as a result of upset conditions. Unfortunately, we were experiencing a problem with the carbon filter at the time which would have prevented the NCG gases venting to atmosphere. Mondi is the likely cause of the odour. Mondi RB: Candice Web responded. A vent from the NCG system occurred as a result of upset conditions. Unfortunately, we were experiencing a problem with the carbon filter at the time which would have prevented the NCG gases venting to atmosphere. Mondi is the likely cause of the odour. Mondi RB: Candice Web responded. A vent from the NCG system occurred as a result of upset conditions. Unfortunately, we were experiencing a problem with the carbon filter at the time which would have prevented the NCG gases venting to atmosphere. Mondi is the likely cause of the odour. Mondi RB: Candice Web responded. A vent from the NCG system occurred as a result of upset conditions. Unfortunately, we were experiencing a problem with the carbon filter at the time which would have prevented the NCG gases venting to atmosphere. Mondi is the likely cause of the odour. ZFPA: Trevor Wilson reported. On the 19th July there was 1 fuel reduction fire next to the N2, 7km north of Kwambonambi. This Resolved - umhlathuze Municipality Resolved - Other Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Fire

79 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution shouldn t have affected the Richards Bay area. 19 Sandy Camminga ( ) 20 Sandy Camminga ( ) 21 Sandy Camminga ( ) 2010/07/20 13: /07/20 21: /07/21 07:00 CBD Massive fire observed in the direction of RBM causing a dense brown plume across the skyline. ZFPA: Trevor Wilson reported. On the afternoon of the 20th July there was a out of control fire in very heavy fuel, just south of the Kwambo - Mapalene rd. The wind was north easterly at ignition and due to the heat of the fire the smoke column was very high. By 16:00 the wind had changed to an easterly flow. Maximum resources available were used to try and control the fire, including bomber aircraft. Fire behaviour was pretty extreme and reminded us again that we are in serious drought conditions. This fire was contained by 21:00 but smoked through the night. A strong thermal inversion developed from about 24:00. The wind changed to a south westerly flow in Kwambo just after 02:30. It would have then gone through Richards Bay at about 02:00. The wind was however very light and the thermal inversion did not break up until after sunrise on the 21st. Arboretum Smoke haze & smell ZFPA: Trevor Wilson reported. On the afternoon of the 20th July there was a out of control fire in very heavy fuel, just south of the Kwambo - Mapalene rd. The wind was north easterly at ignition and due to the heat of the fire the smoke column was very high. By 16:00 the wind had changed to an easterly flow. Maximum resources available were used to try and control the fire, including bomber aircraft. Fire behaviour was pretty extreme and reminded us again that we are in serious drought conditions. This fire was contained by 21:00 but smoked through the night. A strong thermal inversion developed from about 24:00. The wind changed to a south westerly flow in Kwambo just after 02:30. It would have then gone through Richards Bay at about 02:00. The wind was however very light and the thermal inversion did not break up until after sunrise on the 21st. Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Smoke haze & smell ZFPA: Trevor Wilson reported. On the afternoon of the 20th July there was a out of control fire in very heavy fuel, just south of the Kwambo - Mapalene rd. The wind was north easterly at ignition and due to the heat of the fire the smoke column was very high. By 16:00 the wind had changed to an easterly flow. Maximum resources available were used to try and control the fire, Resolved - Fire Resolved - Fire Resolved - Fire

80 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution including bomber aircraft. Fire behaviour was pretty extreme and reminded us again that we are in serious drought conditions. This fire was contained by 21:00 but smoked through the night. A strong thermal inversion developed from about 24:00. The wind changed to a south westerly flow in Kwambo just after 02:30. It would have then gone through Richards Bay at about 02:00. The wind was however very light and the thermal inversion did not break up until after sunrise on the 21st. 22 Anonymous 2010/07/21 11:00 23 June Currie ( ) 2010/07/21 11:40 Alton, ceramic Curve Burning of cables causing an intense odour which is affecting employees health. This is a daily occurrence. Umhaltuze Municipality: Gugu gazu responded. The abovementioned complaint was attended on the 27th July The cable burning activity was indeed taking place. The culprit escaped but ended up addressing those that were on the vicinity. Resolution: 1. The Health Education has been scheduled for 04 August to bring awareness about environmental management. It may not solve the entire problem, however we will be able to get their details which assist us in monitoring them. 2. Regarding Cable theft, SAPS has joined forces with our department. This then gives us advantage of submitting their database for screening 3. SAPS also communicated with all scrap metal dealers that are on their database not to buy any burnt materials instead, call them for seller screening Nseleni Bad Mondi Smell Mondi RB: Candice Web responded. Prior to the time of the complaint wind direction was blowing between 210 and 237 degrees, from Mondi, directly across the Mondi Landfill monitoring station and through to Nseleni. However, the Landfill monitoring station did not record a TRS exceedances which would have implicated Mondi as the source of the odour. Based on the low TRS values of the monitoring stations and the low emissions from the operation, it is unlikely that Mondi was the source of this odour. Case Study Result: Dispersion modelling for 10:40, 11:10 and 11:40 on the 21st of July 2010 are shown above; the predicted plumes and description of the odour experienced suggest Mondi Richards Bay as the most likely Resolved - umhlathuze Municipality Resolved - Mondi RB

81 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution source. 24 Dave Savides ( ) 2010/07/21 22:00 Arboretum Ext, Cassia Close Throughout the night, strong smoke smell. Resolved - Fire 25 John Ferreira ( ) Meerensee, Klipviskinkel Resolved - Fire 26 John Ferreira ( ) 27 June Currie ( ) 28 Sandy Camminga ( ) 29 Debbie ( ) 2010/07/21 Throughout the night 2010/07/23 00: /07/24 10: /07/25 09: /07/25 09:15 30 Anonymous 2010/07/26 00:00 Meerensee, Klipviskinkel Throughout the night, an overwhelming smoldering smell causing nausea and throat and nose irritation. Woken up at 24h00 by a choking smoldering smell. Nseleni Bad, bad smell Mondi RB: Candice Webb Responded. A vent from the chip bin occurred as a result of the low level of chips in the bin. An operator was dispatched to immediately address the problem. Mondi is the likely source of the odour. CBD Lingering Mondi odour. Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded. Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 09h00 and 09h10, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Meerensee Strong smell Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded: RBCAA Brackenham 9h00 WD = 268 deg WS = 2.1 m/s TRS = h10 Alton, ceramic Curve Burning of cables causing an intense odour which is affecting employees health. This is a daily occurrence. (Arboretum station) to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the increase in TRS levels at the Arboretum station between 09h00 and 09h10, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Prior umhlatuze Municipality: Gugu Gazu responded. The abovementioned complaint was attended on the 27th July The cable burning activity was indeed taking place. The culprit escaped but ended up addressing those that were on the vicinity. Resolution: 1. The Health Education has been scheduled for 04 August to bring awareness about environmental management. It may not solve the entire problem, however we will be able to get their details which assist us in monitoring them. 2. Regarding Cable theft, SAPS has joined forces with our department. This then gives us advantage of submitting their database for screening 3. SAPS also communicated with all scrap metal dealers that are on their database not to buy any burnt materials instead, call them for seller screening Resolved - Fire Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Other

82 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution 31 Anonymous 2010/07/27 Port of Richards Resolved - 09:40 Bay PRB 32 Anonymous 2010/07/29 08:00 Port of Richards Bay Severe dust being generated from the handling of product, believed to be Phosrock. (photographs available) Excessive Spillage. This is apparently the same product and location as the complaint logged yesterday. Although it is reported that there was no product being handled at the time the photographs were taken, it would appear from the volume of product lying on the ground that the generation of dust\spillage continued throughout the night. This is supported by evidence of spillage to the north and across the road which would have occurred with the setting in of the south westerly wind. Transnet: Christina Reddy responded. The product is export phosphate rock. However the dust was generated at the P Gallery dump chute and not at the shed as is quite evident in the photos. The operation was immediately stopped by our operations and SHEQ team. The tripper car experienced a technical fault and derailed which resulted in product coming through the dump chute. The conveyor belt was not overloaded. Corrective Action: Short term: Cleanup product fallout and recover cargo Repair the tripper car. Long term: Replace the tripper car with an improved design. Refurbish the dump chute to prevent product fallout and confine any future spillage to a skip. Resolved - PRB 33 June Currie ( ) 34 Debbie ( ) 2010/07/29 09: /07/29 10:00 Nseleni CBD Bad Mondi odour. Complainant says that Mondi has been bad for a few days. Strong Foskor odour. Reported telephonically to Foskor for investigation. Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded: Mondi Landfill at 9h35 WD=238 deg WS= 6.2 TRS=9.5 9h35 Prior to the time of the complaint no process upsets were recorded. However, based on wind direction and the TRS levels at the Mondi Landfill station, Mondi is the likely source of odour. Foskor: Dhireen Ramsaroop responded. Granulation Plant is operating normal producing MAP fertilizer with no upset conditions experienced. All process conditions were normal with no upset conditions Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Foskor

83 No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution experienced. However based on only wind direction it is possible that Foskor could have impacted on the odour. 35 Dave Savides & Zululand Observer Staff ( ) 36 Sandy Camminga ( ) 37 Franz Schmidt 2010/07/30 07: /07/30 09: /07/30 08:09 CBD Bad Mondi Smell Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded. Prior to the complaint, no process upsets were experienced at the mill. However, wind direction indicated the odour may have originated from the Mondi effluent plant, we are currently investigating the cause of the odour. Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Corner of Medway and Newark Drive (Alton Macerator South of John Ross Highway) Mondi odour. Weather: Clear with light north / north easterly wind Description: Particularly vile smell of human excrement permeating the sections of Medway and Newark Drive adjacent to the macerator. Mondi RB: Candice Webb responded. Prior to the time of this complaint the ph in our waste water treatment plant was low. The problem has been addressed. Mondi is the likely source of this odour. Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - Mondi RB Resolved - umhlathuze Municipality

84 General No. Complainant Date Location Description Results Resolution 38 Sandy Camminga ( ) Resolved - umhlathuze Municipality 39 Sandy Camminga ( ) CDB, Central Sports Complex Between Foskor intersection and Port of Richards Bay Dust being generated on a daily basis from grinding activities. This has been discussed with the Local Municipality. COMPLAINT: Dumping of Waste The attached photographs have reference. The Richards Bay Clean Air Association (RBCAA) has received a call from the Zululand Observer requesting us to comment on the attached photographs and claimed activities. The complainant, to whom I have spoken, claims that trucks stand on the side of the road, between the Foskor intersection and the Port, where they proceed to tip out the remainder of their cargo. According to the complainant this is a regular activity. It is believed that this activity may be Grindrod related. Please would you investigate and report back to the RBCAA. umhlatuze Municipality: Gugu Gazu responded. Following the above-mentioned complaint, Cyclone Construction was visited regarding their activities which involve grinding and scrabbling the concrete surface. They were advised to introduce a screen to prevent dust from spreading across. In the mean time they were advised to spray before grinding to minimize dust and also to check if wind is in their favour, in other words if it is too windy, they were advised to seize an operation for a while Resolved - PRB

85 APPENDIX 5 Case Studies

86 Case Study for Exceedance: 1 st Request July 2010 Prepared for the AQ002 SGS Environmental Services 1 of 5 6 Sookhai Place, Derby Downs, Westville, 3630 PO Box 416 Durban 3600 Tel: Fax: Internet: info@ecoserv.com

87 Case Study REFERENCE AQ002 REPORT TITLE Case Study Report DATE SUBMITTED July 2010 CLIENT Sandy Camminga PREPARED BY: SIGNED REPORT DETAILS PO Box Richards Bay 3900 Tel: (035) Lance Coetzee 6 Sookhai Place Derby Downs Westville Durban, 3630 Tel: (031) info@ecoserv.com APPROVER STATUS NOTICE Lance Coetzee Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Draft This document is issued by the Company under its General Conditions of Service accessible at Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects the Company s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client s instructions, if any. The Company s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. 2 of 5

88 Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION Scope of Work Methodology 4 2 Harbour West & Scorpio 2010/07/ of 5

89 Case Study 1 INTRODUCTION These assessments have been completed at the request of the Richards Bay Clean Air Association (RBCAA). The RBCAA monitors air quality and weather in Richards Bay on a continuous basis. It has established a network of monitoring stations as well as an atmospheric dispersion modelling tool, the Hawk. Sources of odour can be identified based on actual meteorological conditions, as in this report. 1.1 Scope of Work SGS Environmental Services understanding of the scope of this report is to provide information as part of the investigation into the following SO 2 exceedances. Table 1.1: Exceedances SO 2 Exceedances Guideline Station Date Value (ppb) NEMAQA daily standard Harbour West 2010/07/06 50 NEMAQA daily standard Scorpio 2010/07/ Methodology This report may include case study simulations using the Hawk Dispersion Model bearing in mind the limitations of the model. The model uses actual weather conditions, including changes in wind direction, and average emissions to determine source contributions. 4 of 5

90 Case Study 2 HARBOUR WEST & SCORPIO 2010/07/06 Figure 2.1: Station location Figure 2.2: SO 2 pollution rose Harbour West Contributions to the exceedance were calculated by direction and the frequency of exceeding 48 ppb (NEMAQA SO 2 daily standard). The apportionment for the exceedance at Harbour West is Hillside Aluminium 98%, Foskor 2% and at Scorpio Hillside Aluminium 100%. 5 of 5

91 Case Study: 1 st Request July 2010 Prepared for the AQ002 SGS Environmental Services 1 of 6 6 Sookhai Place, Derby Downs, Westville, 3630 PO Box 416 Durban 3600 Tel: Fax: Internet: info@ecoserv.com

92 Case Study REFERENCE AQ002 REPORT TITLE Case Study Report DATE SUBMITTED July 2010 CLIENT Sandy Camminga PREPARED BY: SIGNED REPORT DETAILS PO Box Richards Bay 3900 Tel: (035) Lance Coetzee 6 Sookhai Place Derby Downs Westville Durban, 3630 Tel: (031) info@ecoserv.com APPROVER STATUS NOTICE Lance Coetzee Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Final This document is issued by the Company under its General Conditions of Service accessible at Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects the Company s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client s instructions, if any. The Company s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. 2 of 6

93 Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION Scope of Work Methodology 4 2 Veldenvlei 2010/07/01 14: of 6

94 Case Study 1 INTRODUCTION These assessments have been completed at the request of the Richards Bay Clean Air Association (RBCAA). The RBCAA monitors air quality and weather in Richards Bay on a continuous basis. It has established a network of monitoring stations as well as an atmospheric dispersion modelling tool, the Hawk. Sources of odour can be identified based on actual meteorological conditions, as in this report. 1.1 Scope of Work SGS Environmental Services understanding of the scope of this report is to provide information as part of the investigation of the following complaints of odour. Table 1.1: Complaints Complainant Date and time Location Description Sandy Camminga 2010/07/01 14:30 Veldenvlei, 33 Mondi odour causing nausea. ( ) Heideheuwel B. Camminga ( ) 2010/07/01 14:30 Veldenvlei, 33 Heideheuwel Mondi odour causing nausea. 1.2 Methodology This report may include case study simulations using the Hawk Dispersion Model bearing in mind the limitations of the model. The model uses actual weather conditions, including changes in wind direction, and average emissions to determine source contributions. 4 of 6

95 Case Study 2 VELDENVLEI 2010/07/01 14:30 Figure 2.1: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/01 13:30 Figure 2.2: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/01 14:00 5 of 6

96 Case Study Figure 2.3: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/01 14:30 Dispersion modelling for 13:30, 14:00 and 14:30 on the 1 st of July 2010 are shown above, on the basis of SO 2 equivalents, Bayside Aluminium, Hillside Aluminium, Foskor, Mondi Richards Bay and TATA steel may have contributed to the odour experienced. Although other industries may have added to the pollution load Mondi Richards Bay is the only known source of TRS in the area. 6 of 6

97 Case Study: 2 nd Request July 2010 Prepared for the AQ002 SGS Environmental Services 1 of 8 6 Sookhai Place, Derby Downs, Westville, 3630 PO Box 416 Durban 3600 Tel: Fax: Internet: info@ecoserv.com

98 Case Study REFERENCE AQ002 REPORT TITLE Case Study Report DATE SUBMITTED July 2010 CLIENT Sandy Camminga PREPARED BY: SIGNED REPORT DETAILS PO Box Richards Bay 3900 Tel: (035) Lance Coetzee 6 Sookhai Place Derby Downs Westville Durban, 3630 Tel: (031) info@ecoserv.com APPROVER STATUS NOTICE Lance Coetzee Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Signed: Grant Ravenscroft Final This document is issued by the Company under its General Conditions of Service accessible at Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects the Company s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client s instructions, if any. The Company s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. 2 of 8

99 Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION Scope of Work Methodology 4 2 Nseleni 2010/07/11 11: Nseleni 2010/07/21 11: of 8

100 Case Study 1 INTRODUCTION These assessments have been completed at the request of the Richards Bay Clean Air Association (RBCAA). The RBCAA monitors air quality and weather in Richards Bay on a continuous basis. It has established a network of monitoring stations as well as an atmospheric dispersion modelling tool, the Hawk. Sources of odour can be identified based on actual meteorological conditions, as in this report. 1.1 Scope of Work SGS Environmental Services understanding of the scope of this report is to provide information as part of the investigation of the following complaints of odour. Table 1.1: Complaints Complainant Date and time Location Description June Currie 2010/07/11 11:20 Nseleni Gross Smell ( ) June Currie ( ) 2010/07/21 11:40 Nseleni Bad Mondi Smell 1.2 Methodology This report may include case study simulations using the Hawk Dispersion Model bearing in mind the limitations of the model. The model uses actual weather conditions, including changes in wind direction, and average emissions to determine source contributions. 4 of 8

101 Case Study 2 NSELENI 2010/07/11 11:20 Figure 2.1: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/11 10:20 Figure 2.2: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/11 10:50 5 of 8

102 Case Study Figure 2.3: Dispersion modelling at 2010/07/11 11:20 Dispersion modelling for 10:20, 10:50 and 11:20 on the 11 th of July 2010 are shown above; the predicted plumes and description of the odour experienced suggest Mondi Richards Bay as the most likely source. 6 of 8