MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E.

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1 MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. GRADE - X ( ) Exam No. : MT/ICSE/PRELIM - I - SET - B 009 Topic : Full Portion GEOGRAPHY H.C.G. - PAPER - 2 (Two hours) Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first l5 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. Attempt seven questions in all. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to attempted from Part II. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ]. To be supplied with his Paper : Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/7 and 20 cm of twine. Note : (i) In all Map Work, by a wise use of arrows to indicate positions of countries, cities and other insertions that you make, you will be able to avoid overcrowding parts of the map. (ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/10 must not be taken out of the examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the Paper. (iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be fastened to your answer booklet. (iv) All sub-sections of each question must be answered in the correct order. (v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet as the rest of the answer. Copyright reserved. This Paper consists of 5 printed pages

2 PART I (30 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Part Question 1 Study the survey of India Map Sheet No-45D/7 Eastings and Northings and answer the following : (a) Find the six-figure grid reference of the following: (i) Spot height 237. (ii) 217. (b) What does QC in the center of the map indicate? (c) What kind of transition can be seen in the types of road in grid square 8787? (d) What is the type of rainfall experienced by the place in the given map extract? Justify your answer. (e) What is the difference in drainage pattern seen in the grid square 9287 and 8681? (f) What does the black vertical line in the given map extract indicate? (g) What prominent feature can be seen in the river bed in grid square 9380? (h) What do the brown colour lines on the given map extract indicate? (i) In which direction does the main river flow? (j) What does the blue colour line in the main river indicate? (k) What does the figure 200 in grid square 9383 indicate? (l) On which bank of the main river is settlement Vadavas situated? (m) What is the contour interval of the given map extract? (n) What does 3r in the grid square 9089 indicates? (o) What do the brown coloured broken lines near settlement Juvol indicate? (p) Find the area enclosed between Eastings 88 to 92 and Northings 84 to 87? Question 2 Mark the following features on the outline map of India: [10] (a) Khasi Hills (b) Mount K2. (c) Wular Lake. (d) Satpura Range. (e) Karakoram Pass. (f) Malwa Plateau. (g) Singhbum. (h) Chennai. (i) River Kosi. (j) Bay of Bengal branch of South West Monsoon Winds.

3 Question 3 PART II (50 Marks) Attempt any five questions from this Part (a) Mention a geographical reason for each of the following : [3] (b) (i) (ii) Patna receives heavier rain than Delhi. Western Rajasthan receives no rain from the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West Monsoon winds. (iii) Mangalore is not cold even in the month of December. Give two important characteristics of the summer monsoon rainfall in India. (c) State the agricultural benefits derived from: (d) (i) (ii) The westerly Depression in Punjab. The Kalbaisakhi in Assam. Study the climatic data of station x given below and answer the questions that follow : Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature C Rainfall cm [3] (i) Calculate the annual temperature range. (ii) What is the total annual rainfall? (iii) Presuming that the station is located in India, give a reason for its location being on the east coast or the west coast of India. Question 4 (a) Name any two farming techniques which help in soil conservation. (b) Give a geographical reason for each of the following: [3] (i) Alluvial soil differs in texture. (ii) Black soil does not get leached. (iii) Khadar is more fertile than Bhangar. (c) Name the soil which: [3] (i) Covers the summits of the Eastern Ghats. (ii) Makes up the delta of the River Ganga. (iii) Is the most suitable for the cultivation of cotton. (d) Mention two similarities between the red soil and laterite soil.

4 Question 5 (a) Why is the forest area reducing in India? (b) How do forests: (i) Have a favourable effect on the climate of the region? (ii) Act as a flood control measure? (c) Name the tree, the timber of which could be used for the following: [3] (i) A soft and white timber used for making toys and matchboxes. (ii) A hard durable timber used for shipbuilding and furniture making. (iii) A sweet smelling timber which yields an oil, used for handicrafts. (d) Why the trees of the Tropical Deciduous Forests shed their leaves? (e) Why is the Sundari tree considered good for the building of boats? Question 6 (a) State two reasons why irrigation is important to a country like India. (b) Mention two advantages that surface wells have over inundation canals. (c) Mention two factors which are essential for the development of tube well irrigation. (d) (i) What is rainwater harvesting? (ii) Mention two objectives of rain water harvesting. (e) Name two modern methods of irrigation. State one important reason for their growing population. Question 7 (a) What is lignite? Name two areas where lignite is found in India. (b) (i) Name two leading states producing manganese. (ii) Name one use of manganese. (c) Mention two advantages of hydro-electric power over coal and petroleum. [3] (d) Give a geographic reason for each of the following: [3] (i) Many port cities have their own oil reserves. (ii) Petroleum is called as "fossil fuel" (iii) Coal is called a versatile mineral. Question 8 (a) Name a pulse crop cultivated in India : (i) During the Kharif season. (ii) During the Rabi season. (b) Give one geographic reason for each of the following: (i) The groundnut crop is often used as a rotation crop with bajra, jowar and gram. (ii) Ratoon cropping is popular in sugarcane.

5 (c) Give a geographic reason for each of the following : [3] (i) Cotton grows widely in Maharashtra. (ii) Clonal planting is the best method for tea propagation. (iii) Oilseeds area an important commercial crop grown in India. (d) State three important aspects of the Japanese method of rice cultivation. [3] Question 9 (a) Mention two advantages that a mini-steel plant has over an integrated iron and steel plant. (b) Mention two reasons for the importance of the Electronic industry in India's development. (c) Give one important center of production of each of the following: (i) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) (ii) The Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT) (d) Name the by-products of the sugar industry. Give the industrial use of each. (e) Why is the iron and steel industry mainly concentrated in the North- Eastern part of the Deccan Plateau? Question 10 (a) Mention two reasons why more people use railways rather than airways. (b) State a reason why the Northern Rivers are more suitable for navigation than the Deccan Rivers. (c) Mention two advantages and one disadvantage of waterways. [3] (d) What are the three main gauges of the Indian Railway? [3] Question 11 (a) What is the effect of pollution on soil? (b) What is Greenhouse Effect? How is it related to Global Warming? [3] (c) What steps should be taken by the municipal authorities for the safe disposal of solid waste? [3] (d) What service is indirectly done by the rag-pickers for the disposal of waste? All the Best

6 ICSE X MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. SUBJECT : GEOGRAPHY Exam No. : MT/ICSE/II SPB 009 Model Answer Paper Marks : 80 Time : 2 hrs. A.1 (a) (i) (ii) (b) QC in red indicated a sub division of a particular area. (c) The roads are showing a transition into pack tracks from cart tracks. (d) (e) The area receives seasonal rainfall. The evidences are dry drainage pattern, barren land, broken grounds, open scrubs Dendritic Disappearing. (f) Longitude. (g) Rivers with an island. (h) (i) Contour lines. East to West. (j) The blue colour lines indicate a perennial water channel. (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Contour height. Right bank. 20 metres. The relative height of the embankment of the dry tank is 3m from top to bottom. Form lines. Length of the area = 4k.m. Breadth of the area = 3 k.m. Area = Length Breadth = 4 k.m. 3 k.m. = 12 k.m.

7 A.2 WULAR LAKE MOUNT K2 b e c KARAKORAM PASS INDIA WATER BODIES N R.KOSI i MALWA PLATEAU f SINGHBHUM g a KHASI SATPURA d CHENNAI h j SOUTH WEST MONSOON WINDS BAY OF BENGAL BRANCH A.3 (a) (i) Patna receives heavier rain than Delhi because it lies in the lower Ganga Valley, whereas Delhi lies on the Upper Ganga Valley. The Bay of Bengal Branch flows from the Bay of Bengal and reaches Patna earlier than Delhi. (ii) Western Rajasthan receives no rain from the Arabian Sea Branch of the south-west Monsoon as these winds blow parallel to the Aravalli Hills. (iii) Mangalore is situated along the western coastal plain and is affected by the sea breezes which moderate its temperature. Therefore Mangalore does not get cold in December. [10] (b) The two important characteristics of summer monsoon rainfall in India are: (i) The summer monsoon rainfall is unevenly distributed as some regions receive very heavy rainfall while others receive less. (ii) The rainfall is erratic and unpredictable. The amount of rainfall varies sometimes. It comes early when the farmers are not ready and at times it is delayed.

8 (c) (i) The Westerly Depressions in Punjab cause rain in winter which is beneficial for the crops like wheat and barley. (ii) The Kalbaisakhi occur in Assam and West Bengal in the hot season. These are thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds and heavy rainfall which is beneficial for the tea, coffee and rice crops. (d) (i) = 11.6 C (ii) cm. (iii) The rainfall is heavier in December, January and February which means that the station is located on the east coast of India. The east coast gets rainfall in winter. Therefore this station is located on east coast of India. A.4 (a) The two farming techniques which help in soil conservation are crop rotation and contour ploughing. (i) Crop Rotation : It is a system in which farmers grow crops on a farm in a regular cycle so that fertility and productivity of land are maintained. (ii) Contour Ploughing : In this ploughing is done usually in hilly areas along the outline of the field in a circular manner so that the soil is not washed away by running water. (b) (i) Alluvial soil is formed by the rivers as they come down the mountains. In the upper course, the soil is coarse, particles are large and not uniform. In the lower valley, the soil particles become smaller and more uniform. (ii) Black soil is water retentive and is capable of absorbing moisture. Therefore, it does not get leached (iii) Khadar is more fertile than Bhangar soil as it is found nearer the rivers, flood plains and delta and is replenished by floods every year. It mainly consists of fine silt and clay. Bhangar contains kankar, pebbles and gravels and is coarse in nature. It is found away from the river. (c) (i) Laterite soil covers the summits of the Eastern Ghats. (ii) Alluvial makes up the delta of the River Ganga. (iii) Black soil or regur soil is suitable for the cultivation of cotton. Black or regur soil is sticky when wet and cracks when dry. (d) The two similarities between red soil and laterite soil are as follows: (i) Red soil and laterite soil are porous and have a high percentage of iron oxide. (ii) Both are poor in nitrogen and are not fertile. Cultivation can be done in both these soils with the use of fertilizers.

9 A.5 (a) The forest area is reducing in India due to: (i) Deforestation for timber and fuel (ii) shifting cultivation practised by tribals (iii) overgrazing (iv) increase in population and demand for food and shelter. (b) (i) Forests have a favourable effect on the climate of the region as they help in causing rainfall in the area. This creates a cool atmosphere and a water cycle which affects the forests. (ii) Forests control floods as the roots of the trees hold the soil together and prevent it from being washed away. The forests check floods by retaining a large amount of rainwater in the sub-soil. (c) (i) Tidal Forests are found along the coasts and the deltas of the rivers which are influenced by the tides (deltas of the Ganga-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and the Andaman Islands). (ii) The important trees are the Sundari, Gurjan and Hintal. (iii) The trees of the Tidal Forests are dense, evergreen and can survive in both fresh and salt water. The trees have roots which take in gases directly from the atmosphere and store them for use when the roots are submerged in water, during high tide. The roots are arch-shaped and are known as pneumatophores. (d) (e) The trees of the Tropical Deciduous forests shed their leaves in the hot season when there is an acute scarcity of water, so that there is less loss of water by evaporation. The trees shed the leaves at different times and the forest is never bare. The Sundari tree is considered good for the building of boats as it is hard, strong and durable. A.6 (a) Irrigation is important to a country like India because: (i) India is an agricultural country and the growth of crops is largely dependent on the monsoons, which occur mainly during the four months of the year (June-September). Irrigation is therefore necessary during the rest of the year. (ii) Rainfall in India is unpredictable. The erratic and unreliable rainfall sometimes causes flood and famines. This problem can be solved by irrigation. (b) Surface wells are nothing but large holes dug near the fields. The water collected is used to irrigate smaller areas near the well. Construction cost is negligible. Inundation canals have to be constructed and these contain water mainly during the rainy season but are dry during the summer. Therefore these are not reliable.

10 (c) The following are the essential factors for the development of tube well irrigation: (i) The electricity has to be cheap as water has to be drawn out with the help of an electric pump from deep bores. (ii) Tube wells can he dug in areas where the soil is soft and there is surplus underground water. (d) (i) Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collecting rain, flood and underground water and then using it according to one's needs. (ii) The following are the two objectives of rainwater harvesting: (1) To reduce run off loss. (2) To increase the level of groundwater. (3) To reduce erosion and flooding. (e) Tube wells and perennial canals are the two modern methods of irrigation as water is available throughout the year and are the most reliable, especially in the summer months when other sources of water have failed. These are cheaper and water can be drawn out according to one's requirement. A.7 (a) Lignite is a lower grade coal also known as brown coal. It contains about 50% of carbon. It contains a good deal of moisture and less of combustible matter. Lignite is found in Nevyeli (Tamil Nadu) and Palna (Rajasthan). (b) (i) Madhya Pradesh and Odisha are the two leading states producing manganese. (ii) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferromanganese alloy. (c) The two advantages of Hydro-electric Power over coal and petroleum are: (i) Hydel power is inexhaustible and renewable source of power whereas thermal power is exhaustible and non-renewable. (ii) Hydel power projects do not cause any pollution whereas thermal power pollutes the atmosphere. [3] (d) (i) India imports a large amount of crude oil mainly from the Gulf countries. So most of the port of cities have their own refineries. (ii) Petroleum is called fossil fuel as it is derived from organic plants and animal life which was buried in large quantities under the earth in the distant past. The deposition which occurred in layers prevented the complete decomposition of the organic matter. Pressure and heat m. caused oil and natural gas to be formed. (iii) Coal is called a versatile mineral as it can be put to a number of uses: It is used p the production of electricity, in the railways, domestic fuels, iron and steel industry and as a raw material in fertilizers and synthetic industries, etc.

11 A.8 (a) (i) Pulses grown during Kharif Season-tur, moong and urad. (ii) Pulses grown during Rabi Season-gram, peas and masoor. (b) (i) The groundnut is often used as a rotation crop with bajra, jowar and gram because it is a leguminous crop and adds valuable nitrogen to the soil. (ii) Ratoon cropping is popular in the cultivation of sugar cane because it is labour saving, decreases costs and matures early. (c) (i) Cotton grows widely in Maharashtra because of favourable climatic conditions. It has a warm climate, the land is irrigated and there are frost-free days during ripening. The Black soil is water retentive and provides the suitable moisture to the plants. (ii) Clonal planting is the best method for tea propagation as it gives a better yield, special flavour and quality to the tea. (iii) Oilseeds are an important commercial crop grown in India as recently it has become one the important foreign exchange earners. The oil which is extracted is also used as a raw material for manufacturing products such as paints, soaps, cosmetics etc. (d) A.9 (a) (b) The three important aspects of the Japanese method are: (i) use of less, but good quality seeds. (ii) sowing the seeds in raised nursery beds. (iii) use of manure to raise yield. [3] The following are the advantages that a mini-steel plant has over an integrated iron and steel plant: (i) A mini-steel plant uses electric furnaces, therefore, there is no pollution whereas an integrated iron and steel plant uses coal which causes more pollution. (ii) Mini-steel plant gives us ferrous scrap, pig iron or sponge iron whereas an integrated iron and steel plant has to obtain pig iron after removing the impurities from the iron ore. The Electronic Industry is important in India's development for the following reasons: (i) Development in communication and transport like telephones, planes, cars, etc. (ii) In entertainment channels like television, radio, etc. (iii) Space technology. (iv) Software industry. (v) Defence technology. (any two) (c) (i) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) - Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)/ Bengaluru (Karnataka) (ii) The Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT) - Bengaluru in Karnataka.

12 (d) (i) Molasses is used in the alcohol industry for the distillation of liquor (rum), power alcohol, etc. It is also used in the production of certain chemicals and synthetic rubber. (ii) Press mud is utilised for making wax, carbon paper and shoe polish. (e) The iron and steel industry is mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of Deccan because all the raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese, etc. are available in this region. A.10 (a) Railways is more important means of transport than airways as it is much cheaper and within the means of the common man. It caters to the needs for large scale movement of both freight and passenger traffic. (b) (c) (d) The Northern Rivers are more suitable for navigation than the rivers of the Deccan because: (i) The rivers in north are snow-fed, so they have water in them throughout the year. The southern rivers are seasonal. (ii) The Northern Rivers mostly flow over flat land and are slow while the rivers of the Deccan, region flow over a plateau and are fast flowing. The following are the two advantages of waterways. (i) They are the cheapest form of transport for carrying heavy and bulky goods. (ii) They are fuel efficient and an environment-friendly means of transport. One disadvantage of waterways is that they can only be used in the middle and lower courses of rivers and where the rivers are perennial. [3] The three main gauges of the Indian railways are as follows: (i) Broad Gauge : There is a distance of metres between the two rails and it links major cities: (ii) Metre Gauge : The distance between two railways is one metre. (iii) Narrow Gauge : This is confined mainly to the hilly areas. e.g., Kalka-Shimla, Siliguri- Darjeeling. [3] A.11 (a) (i) Soil is the foundation for a healthy biosphere. Precipitation from air as acid rain and dry deposition of pollutants on land surface contribute to soil pollution. (ii) Chemicals and minerals in the soil react with chemical pollutants. These pollutants combine with plant nutrients and the plants are consumed by animals. Polluted soils cause reduction in mineralisation and decomposition processes. (iii) Transformation of sulphur, nitrogen, availability of phosphorus, biological nitrogen fixation in soil are affected by acid rain. (iv) Soil fertility and aeration are also reduced. Earthworms, nematodes, etc., are destroyed by toxic chemicals.

13 (b) (i) The rate of absorption of solar radiation by earth and its emission back into space as infrared waves balances the heat on the earth. This phenomenon plays a very important role in maintaining surface temperature of the earth. (ii) The carbon dioxide and other gases form a blanket around the globe which prevents the passage of infrared waves from the earth back into space. (iii) Concentration of solar radiation produces much heat, making the earth a very warm place. This phenomenon is similar to that of a greenhouse in which the glass enclosed area gets heated up due to the insulation from the rest of the environment. (iv) The warming up of the atmosphere is due to the greenhouse effect. Hence, Global Warming is also known as Greenhouse Effect. [3] (c) To prohibit littering, the following steps should be taken by the municipal authorities: (i) Organising house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes. (ii) Arranging collection of waste from slums and squatter areas or localities including hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial areas. (iii) Bio - medical wastes and industrial wastes should not be mixed with municipal solid wastes. (iv) Horticultural and construction wastes should be separately collected and disposed off.. (v The waste should be segregated into biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. (vi) Waste (garbage, dry leaves) should not be burnt. (vii) Stray animals should be allowed to move around waste storage facilities. [3] (d) (i) In a country like India, the poor garbage collectors make a living from discarded solids. In this way they do a good job by removing much of the waste form the garbage dumps. (ii) Pieces of metal, glass, rubber, plastics etc., are removed to be recycled to get finished products.