Condition and Trend: as of May 1st Presented by W. Barry Southerland, Ph.D Fluvial Geomorphologist USDA-NRCS WNTSC Portland, OR

Transcription

1 Monitoring tools: streams Condition and Trend: as of May 1st Presented by W. Barry Southerland, Ph.D Fluvial Geomorphologist USDA-NRCS WNTSC Portland, OR

2 Monitoring and assessment? White River, WA, 2002 S.F. Stillaguamish White River, WA, 2002

3 Why Monitor? (Rationale) All streams have a feedback mechanism; based on an earlier discussion: width, depth, velocity, discharge, roughness, slope, sediment size, sediment concentration, and velocity. Monitor these to understand the adjustments. Monitor to understand cause and effect! Ultimately establish condition, trend, and departure analysis!

4 South Fork of the Stillaguamish Dec 11, 2004

5 Monitoring dimension (x-section) South Fork Stillaguamish South Fork Stillaguamish Height (ft) x Ave. Rec. Rate (ft) x Profile Length (ft) = 5775 yd 3 27 ft 3 /yd 3

6 Typically three per near-bank Measurement of bank profiles. Real-time validation of bank loss (recession). Considered validation. Add representative streambank distance on profile to derive volume. If representation is in question, add more bank profiles! Wildland Hydrology, 2003

7 Driving toe pins on the S.F.Stillaguamish Stillaguamish S.F. Stillaguamish, WA

8 When lateral recession is too high for pins S.F. Stillaguamish, WA

9 Monitoring long profile on J-BarJ South Fork Asotin B4 Pool-Riffle Morphology South Fork Asotin, 2003 by WBS Elevation (ft) Channel Distance (ft) bed water srf Terrace 2003 Bed BKF --- x-section South Fork Asotin Creek B4 Pool-Riffle Morphology Elevation (ft) Channel Distance (ft) bed water srf Terrace 2003 Bed BKF --- x-section

10 Profile Continued Scour Chains Wildland Hydrology, 2003

11 Scour Chain Establishment Wildland Hydrology, 2003

12 1991 Monitoring Planview Verlot, S.F. Stillaguamish

13 Monitoring Planview Historical Aerial Photo Trendsadvantage availability, cost, longer trend-analysis. Morphometry Measures over time advantage overlay of true ortho images for greater accuracy dimensionalize planview with profile and x-section to get highly accurate volumetric changes. Integrative with bank erosion models great for validation of models!. Disadvantage expensive and difficult to implement long-term.

14 Monitoring Bedload Transport Characteristics Little Klickitat, WA Percent Finer Than 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% S.F. Stillaguamish, Robe Site 09/08/ Particle Size (mm) Cumulative Percent Percent Item Wolman pebble counts, bar sampling, and subpavement sampling D16 D35 D50 D84 D95 silt/clay sand gravel cobble boulder bedrock % 5% 28% 42% 24% 0%

15 Departure Analysis C4 C4 Entiat River mile 20 reference reach: photo by W, Barry Southerland Entiat Reference Reach Width Depth Ratio = 20 Entiat River mile 20.1 purturbated reach: photo by W, Barry Southerland Entiat Immediately Upstream Width Depth Ratio = 48

16 Percent Departure from Reference Reach Percent departure from reference condition Measured Feature Reference Reach Reach of Interest Erosion Potential Percent Departure Bank Height Ratio Moderate 17% Root Density 70% 25% High 64% Root Matrix High 62%

17 Plant Mortality, Why? Tucannon River, 2004, WBS Depth to water table. What was the BHR? Handling and timing of material establishment Comparing w/ other field trials in same region Floodplain soil&strat vs. species needs and pheno. Some species are 500 % more effective by seed recruitment (e.g. Black Cottonwood In times of drought persistent mortality is inevitable w/o irrigation assistance

18 Other reasons for failure to consider in the monitoring plan Weed and native competition Lack of maintenance for weed and native competition Sometimes beavers help with rejuvenation, sometimes beaver s devastate fragile plantings. Other ungulates Domestic and Wildlife no deferred grazing

19 igns of success and essentials for monitoring Must have a plant mortality monitoring plan and absolutely must include the first season. Remember in low precip. areas that 1 st year irrigation assistance may be essential to establishment Success Failure Must establish cause and effect before replanting sometime cause and effect needs an interdisciplinary analysis Key point A riparian ecologist needs to be an effective riparian taxonomist

20 Signs of regenerations and success Cottonwood recruitment on the Tucannon Figure 5. Volunteer cottonwood establishment on cobbles (floodplain and pointbar) (WP 6) Recon. upstream and at least a wavelength downstream to for desired recruitment species seed source.

21 onitoring the structure and its associated refugia Other kinds of companion monitoring Cedar Creek, WA 2005 by WBS

22 Monitoring for Juveniles and Adults Other kinds of companion monitoring Cedar Creek, WA 2005 by W. Barry Southerland

23 Cedar Creek Habitat Restoration Project Adults Passing through Trap project completion coho jacks coho adults coho totals steelhead cutthroat Cumulative Percent Project Completion (7.5 miles total) Year

24 Monitor the things that count and you will understand cause and effect! 8 year time span: excellent condition - excellent trend