Trials towards widespread adoption of wood biomass in a non-forestry area and magnetic screening for contaminated biomass

Transcription

1 Trials towards widespread adoption of wood biomass in a non-forestry area and magnetic screening for contaminated biomass Takaharu SATO (Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University ) 1. Self-inroduction 2. Utilization of woody biomass in southwest Japan 3. Trials in Higashi Hiroshima 4.Magnetic screening for contaminated biomass

2 1. Self-inroduction Graduated from Department of Material Physics, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University Since graduate school, has been conducting researches on Quaternary paleoenvironmental and paleomagnetic changes using deep-sea sediment. In Hiroshima Univ., I've been lectured about the environmental changes of the earth. In the lecture, I've taught that it has been thought that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has been concerned with an environmental change of the earth greatly and have emphasized the dangers of the current rapid rise in carbon dioxide concentration for 15 years. I applied for a project in the graduate school and began to spread to the regional woody biomass activities (Symposium or field trips) with graduate students of arts and sciences four years ago. Hobby Go, hiking(a member of JAC), jogging

3 Symposium Symposium by the Wood Pellet Project 1. Wood pellet to our town - Higashi-in for the show ground woody biomass production areas October 3, Towards the spread of renewable energy in the Higashi-Hiroshima - For woody biomass and solar power October 31, 2009 Symposium by Grantrs-in-Aid for Scientific Research 3. Toward the thermal energy spread of local production for local consumption from street trees - Current Status and Issues, possibility - February 19, 2011

4 2. Utilization of woody biomass in southwest Japan

5 Yamaguchi Pref. comprehensive composite type forest biomass energy local-supply-and-local-consumption social system The trials which carry out wood biomass cheaply from steep slopes Pellet production

6 Yamaguchi Pref. comprehensive composite type forest biomass energy local-supply-and-local-consumption social system District heating and cooling with a pellet boiler -Eco-town Yasuoka (Only ten houses) Coal-fired power plant-35,000 tons/y of forest wood residues since this year

7 Biomass facilities in Kyusyu district Hita wood biomass power plant 12,000kW Bengalamura-Spa facilities and the pellet boiler Hita biomass recycling center

8 General office of western Tottori Pref. -Central heating and cooling- The pellet replaced 42kl of A heavy oil (One of the biggest pellet boiler in Japan )

9 3. Trials in Higashi Hiroshima; A plan to introduce a woody biomass boiler into Hiroshima University "Green business creation and innovation from university "Business knowledge base of green" (environmental technology demonstration utilizing the university campus) FY 2011 budget request by MEXT amount: 700 million yen (new) Adoption agency is about 5 to 10 university

10 3. Trials in Higashi Hiroshima - Producing woody biomass utilization system at Hiroshima University

11 Producing woody biomass utilization system at Hiroshima University The project introducing a chip boiler to a library has been elected at the hearing by Strategy Office Acquiring Competitive Funds in the university, and cost of investigation has been spending. Study for the introduction of chip boiler was made by the Energy Research Institute of Forest Despite the monetary benefits for the university, department policy of Facilities to choose a gas engine driven heat pump has not changed.

12 3. Trials in Higashi Hiroshima; A plan to utilize the familiar woody biomass as fuel by introducing a small pelletizer in SEAPMW SEAPMW (Saijo Environmental Association for Preserving Mountains and Water) Saijo is a town of brewing. Whenever a brewing company's one 1.8l. bottle sells, it contributes 1 yen for the association. Purchasing a small pelletizer with the subsidy of the Seven-Eleven commemoration foundation and money of SEAPMW has been planed. pelletmaker; A pelletizer made in Germany. Pellets are directly produced from branches, etc.

13 A plan to utilize the familiar woody biomass as fuel by introducing a small pelletizer in SEAPMW Producing pellets from following wood biomass The thinner timber discharged by work in the mountain performed by SEAPMW 5 times per year The pruned branches of roadside trees The fallen trees, etc. carried in by the owners of the Satoyama forests

14 4.Magnetic screening for contaminated biomass For high taking-out cost, heat use of the forest biomass is not progressing in Japan except some areas with prosperous forestry. Although quantity is restricted and the pruned branches of park trees or roadside trees are seldom used now, they have been discharged in any local government, and do not require discharge cost, either. The roadside tree pruned branches may have been polluted mainly by the automobile exhaust gas. The need for investigation of heavy metal pollution in a simple manner. Investigation of the air pollution using the soil and leaves by the magnetic method have been carried out in various parts of the world.

15 Heavy metal pollutants of automobile origin Soot Ba, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, etc. Engine parts and corrosion wear Fe, Cr Brake lining Fe, C, O, Al, Si, Ca, S, Sb, Mo, Ba, Zn, Cu, etc. Tires Zn, etc. (Marié et al. 2010) With differences in particle size, etc. composition of the contaminant of the automobile origin changes with a road particulate and the contaminant adhering to a leaf. (Wang et al. 2003) Since Pb deposits or adsorpts on the surface of magnetite fine particles that are generated immediately after combustion in the engine, Pb correlates more strongly SIRM than Fe concentration. (Wang et al. 2003)

16 Highway Extraction of branches from the trees along various types of roads Asakita-ku A Asakita-ku B National Road Nishi-ku A Naka-ku A

17 Pellet produktion from the pruned branches

18 Measurement of the metal components Decomposition of the sample The wood chip sample was mashed by the mortar. Concentrated nitric acid 5 ml is added to 0.5g of powder samples, and acid decomposition was carried out using a microwave oven. What added pure water to the solution after acid decomposition, and was set to 50 ml was used as measurement solution. In addition, the operation as a blank sample was prepared, using only the concentrated nitric acid, acid decomposition procedure was performed. Measurements of the metal components 1 measurement equipment: ICP-AES (Perkin Elmer, Optima 7300DV) Measurement component:. Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb 2 measuring equipment Measuring equipment: mercury hydride (Nippon Instruments, Mercury / RA-3) Measurement component: Hg (total mercury) As for the Cr, Co, Ni, and Hg (the total mercury), 8 samples in 16 samples were measured. The standard samples containing the components measured were created and quantified using a calibration curve method.

19 Magnetic measurements About the chip of each pruned branch sample, three cube samples packed in a plastic cube were prepared. The magnetic susceptibility (χ) was measured with MS2. χ was measured with MS2. Saturatine Isothrmal Remanent magnetization (SIRM) magnetized in the 1.7 T was measured with a spinner magnetometer and a SQUID magnetometer in the National Institute of Polar Research. About the pellets of each pruned branch sample, χ was measured about 30 times with SM30.

20 Magnetic measurement Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurement with SM30 Saturatine Isothrmal Remanent magnetization (SIRM) measurement with spinner magnetometer Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurement with MS2

21 Magnetic properties and Traffic density Error bars represent the standard deviation.

22 Magnetic properties, traffic and elemental composition with sampling points arranged in the order of increasing SIRM values.

23 Correlation matrix for magnetic properties, traffic and elemental composition (N = 16 for SIRM, MS2, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, K, Ca, Na, Fe, Al and Mg; 15 for SM30 and traffic; and N = 8 for Ni, Cr and Hg). Values in bold Gothic font are statistically significant at p < 0.01.

24 Results High correlations between magnetic parameters and metals such as Fe, Zn, Pb, Al, K and Cr. The specimens whose SIRMs are approximately 90 ma/m or more do not meet the specified Europe Standard. Specimens that have significantly positive values of magnetic susceptibility also do not meet the standard. A simple inspection of heavy metal contamination in wood biomass can be performed by measuring its SIRM or magnetic susceptibility.

25 Thank you for your kind attention