JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.625, ISSN: , Volume 3, Issue 4, May 2015

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1 INTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PLANKTON DIVERSITY AT MUSAGALI IN WESTERN NAYAR, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA Dr. V.P BALODI 1 KOSHAL KUMAR 2 Dr. ANJU THAPLIYAL 3 MOHD RASHID 4 1 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Zoology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal, UK, India 2 Research Scholar, Dept. of Zoology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal, UK, India 3 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Zoology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal, UK, India 4 Dept. of Zoology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal, UK, India ABSTRACT The present study was carried out in Western Nayar at Musagali spot which is 32 km away from Pauri. Diversity, abundance of plankton and physico-chemical parameters in the rhithron zone of river western Nayar has been studies during September 2012 and February In this study a total of 21 plankton genera, 13 belonging to Bacillariophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae and 4 Myxophyceae were recorded. To know the monthly fluctuation in the distribution of different genera of plankton population in the rhithron zone and its correlation with physico-chemical parameters have been discussed. KEYWORDS: Planktonic diversity, Physico-chemical parameters, Rhithron zone, Western Nayar INTRODUCTION The hill region of Uttarakhand lies in central Himalaya consists of thirteen districts namely Haridwar, Dehradun, Tehri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Rudraprayag in Garhwal region and Nainital,, Pithoragarh, Champawat, Bhageshwar, Almora, Udhamsingh Nagar in Kumaon region. In hill region there are mainly two types of streams according to their origin, i.e, snow fed and spring feed. Nayar is one of the most important Spring feed river of Pauri Garhwal districts originated from Doodhatoli peak. Many streams confluence at different places with the Nayar River. Nayar is a spring feed stream of Garhwal Himalaya formed by the confluence of its parents streams, the Western Nayar and the Eastern Nayar and join the holi river Ganga in the Vyasghat (437 masl). The earlier investigation on plankton ecology of Himalayan river are Singh and Dobriyal (1981), Singh et al. (19820, Dobriyal (1985), Dobriyal and Singh (1987), Dobriyal et al. (1993, 1999) Balodi et al. (2004). Singh (2011) who worked on the fishery of 293

2 Nayar opined that due to specific water quality and the planktonic productivity of the river become conductive for fish life. Plankton includes the free floating minute plant and animal organism which have very feeble locomotary organs and simple drift with the water currents. Plankton is classified in to the phytoplankton and zooplanktons. Plankton, found throughout the year are called parmanenet or holoplanktons. On the basis of size the plankton are divided in to three category i.e macro. Micro and nano-plankton A rhithron is characterized by the presence of steep narrow and shallow riffles or rapids, flatter wider and deeper reaches, i.e, pool having low temperature. The present investigation was carried out on the rithron zone of the Western Nayar from September, 2012 to February, 2013 collected preliminary information MATERIALS AND METHODS Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed as per standard methods described by Welch (1948), APHA (1995) and Trivedy and Goel, (1986). The present study was carried out to study the plankton ecology on the Western Nayar at Musagali which is 32 km away from Pauri during September 2012 to October Hundred liter of water was filtered through a planktonic made up of 20 bolting silk cloth. Collected plankton were preserved in 4% formalin or Lugol iodine solution as per the need. Further quanti-qualitative analyses were made in laboratory with the help of MIPS and standard key and monograph (APHA, 1995 and Wards and Whipple 1992). OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION Results of the analysis of physico-chemical parameters are presented in Table 1. It showed a fluctuation in water temperature from 11.0 o C (January 2013) to 16.5 o C in October 2012 (14.58±2.52), in water velocity from 0.48 m/sec in (Dec Jan. 2013) to 0.68 m/sec in September 2012 (0.58±0.08). ph is alkaline throughout the study period and ranges from 7.4 to 8.4 (7.93±0.41) in September 2012 and February 2013, DO ranges from10.2 mg/l in October 2012 and 11 mg/l in January 2013 (10.63±0.29), CO 2 values were 0.2 mg/l in October 2012 and 0.5 mg/l in February 2013 (0.33±0.10), hardness from 60 mg/l in September 2012 and 67 mg/l in January 2013 (63.48±2.69) and alkalinity value recorded was31.5 mg/l in September 2012 and 40.5 mg/l in February 2013 (36.50±4.54) respectively. 294

3 Quanti-qualitative analysis data on planktonic density is displayed in the Table 2. It showed that the planktonic diversity in the area represented by the members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Myxophyceae. of 21 plankton genera were reported in 6 month study out of which 13 belongs to Bacillariophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae and 4 Myxophyceae. Bacillariophyceae contribute highest in number and percentage of the total plankton population throughout the study, the next dominant is Myxophyceae followed by Chlorophyceae. The data derived from the present study indicate monthly fluctuations of different phytoplankton groups. The maximum value obtained in January due to low (0.48m/sec) water current velocity and minimum in September due to highest water current velocity (0.68m/sec). Shastri et.al., (1992) and Agarwal et.al., (2005) opined that the maximum faunal density in winter and minima in monsoon season may be due to water temperature, water velocity, and turbidity. Winter provides favorable environment for the growth of plankton. The seasonal abundance and species fluctuation of plankton production is directly and indirectly influenced by the physico chemical factors of water (Singh, 2011). Similar result found in the present study after testing the level of significance. It has been derived that the planktonic diversity show a positive correlation with some parameters, in between and negatively correlated with current velocity of water (Table 3), as also reported by Ayoade et.al., ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First author is thankful to Prof. A.K Dobriyal, HOD Zoology & Biotechnology, H.N.B Garhwal University, Pauri Campus for providing necessary laboratory facilities. Months Table1: Value of the Physico chemical parameters at Musagali Water Water CO temperature velocity ph DO 2 (C o ) (m/sec) hardness Alkalinity September October November December January February Mean±SD 14.58± ± ± ± ± ± ±

4 Fig2: Monthly plankton abundance in percentage Table2: 1Quanti-qualitative data of planktonic density at Musagali in Western Nayar Planktons September October November December January February Bacillariophyceae Synedra Fragilaria Diatoma Naviculam Tabellaria Nitzschia Bacillaria Achnanthes Gyrosigma Cocconeis Asterionella Surirella Frustulia ±SD 662± ± ± ± ± ±46.01 Chlorophyceae Cladrophora Spirogyra Ulothrix Chorella ±SD 49± ± ± ± ± ±6.34 Myxophyceae Revularia Amphithrix Nostoc Cylindrospermum ±SD 59± ± ± ± ± ±

5 Table-3: Correlation between physic chemical parameters and Planktonic diversity Water temp. (C o ) Water velocity (m/sec) ph DO CO2 hardness Alkalinity Bacelloro phyceae Chloroph yceae Water temp. (C o ) 1 Water temp. (C o ) ph * DO * CO * * T. Hardness * T.Alkalinity -0.88* * * 1 Bacillariophyceae Chlorophyceae Myxophyceae * * 1 *Correlation Coefficient (r) is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Myxophy ceae REFERENCES 1. APHA, AWWA WEF. (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, Washington, D.C Ayoade, A.A; Agarwal, N.K; Chandola Saklani, A Changes in Physicochemical Features and Plankton of Two Regulated High Altitude Rivers Garhwal Himalaya, India. European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 27(1) Balodi, V.P., Dobriyal, A.K., Joshi, H.K., Uniyal, S.P. and Thapliyal, A Epilithic periphyton and detritus ecology of the spring-fed stream Eastern Nayar in Garhwal Himalaya. Env. Cons. J. 5(1-3): Das, S.M. (1989): Handbook of limnology and water pollution with practical methodology, South Indian publisher, New Delhi. 5. Dobriyal, A.K Ecology of limnofauna in small streams and their importance to the village life in Garhwal Himalaya. Uttar Pradesh J. Zool. 5 : Dobriyal, A.K. and Singh, H.R Observations on temporal trends of phytoplankton diversity in the river Nayar of Garhwal Himalaya. J. Freshwater Biol. 1: Dobriyal, A.K. and Singh, H.R A case study on the origin of rhithroplankton in the Garhwal hillstreams. Agri. Biol. Res. 3: Dobriyal, A.K., Bahuguna, A.K. Kumar, N. and Kotnala,C.B Ecology and seasonal diversity of plankton in a spring-fed stream Khanda gad of Garhwal Himalaya. In Singh, H.R. (Ed.) Advances in Limnology. NPH, New Delhi pp Dobriyal, A.K., Kotnala, C.B., Kumar, N. and Balodi, V.P Density and primary productivity of periphyton correlated with physico- chemical parameters in the river Western Nayar of Garhwal, Cental Himalaya, India. Advances in Biosciences. 18 (2): Singh, H.R. and Dobriyal, A.K Potamology of the stream Chakagadera in relation to the productivity of coldwater minor carps in Garhwal Himalaya. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad. B 47: Singh, H.R. and Dobriyal, A.K.(1981): Potamology of the stream chakagadera in relation to the productivity of cold water minor carps in Garhwal Himalaya. Proc. Indian. Nat.Sci. Acad. 47(5): Singh, M. (2011). Study of plankton abundance in fresh water fish pound at Malawan, Etah U.P. Ind. J.Biol. Stud. Res. Vol. 1(1) Trivedy, R.K., and Goel P.K., (1986). Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Environmental publications, Kared. 14. Ward, H.B and Whipple, G.V. (1992). Freshwater Biology (ed. W.T Edmondson) J.Wiley and sons. Inc. New York. 15. Welch, P.S., Limnology Methods. McGraw Hill, New York. 297