Hydrologic & Hydrodynamic Modeling

Transcription

1 Hydrologic & Hydrodynamic Modeling Shabbir Ahmed,CORPS Vic Engel, ENP Christian Langevin, USGS Eric Swain, USGS Miao-Li Chang, SFWMD Laura Kuebler, SFWMD Jayantha Obeysekera, SFWMD Yongshan Wan, SFWMD

2 Restoration Focus

3 Peat Thickness Comparison Natural System and Current System

4 Uniqueness of South Florida Hydrology Flat Topography Complex Water Management Complex Hydrostratigraphy Porosity Sand/Peat soils Subsidence Transmissivity

5 Role of Models in Restoration A tool (not a substitute for decision making) for Planning and implementation of restoration alternatives ( Getting Water Right ) Regional, Subregional and Project-scales (design) Impacts on other users: water supply & agricultural Operational Planning Event, seasonal, multi-seasonal Regulation Water Reservations, Minimum Flows and Levels, Compliance Monitoring

6 Regional & Subregional Simulation Models NSRSM Water Supply Planning Department High Resolution subregional Models ECFT East Central Florida Transient Model SJWMD Lower Kissimmee Lower Kissimmee Basin Ground Water Model SWFWMD LECsR SFWMD NSM SFWMM Lower East Coast subregional Model LWC Floridan Lower West Coast Floridian Model LWC SAS Lower West Coast Surfical Aquifer System Loxahatchee EC FLA Watershed RSM LECsR East Coast Floridan Aquifer System Model Model Locations (as of 3/27/07) LKBGW ECFT LWC SAS LWCF LECsR EC FLA Miles Regional (system-wide Subregional-gw

7 Decade of the 70s [analog model] Analog Model Electric Analog Model Simulated water levels and flows in coastal region Upgraded Regional Routing Model to include daily time step Initial development of SFWMM (2x2)- a regional-scale computer simulation model

8 Decades of the 1980s Physical Modeling at UC-Berkeley Real System Model

9 South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM) Integrated surface water groundwater model Regional-scale 3.2 x 3.2 km, daily time step Major components of hydrologic cycle Overland and groundwater flow Canal and levee seepage Operations of C&SF system Water shortage policies Extensive performance measures Provides input and boundary conditions for other models

10 CERP Plan Evaluation Period used for modeling Planning Horizon Assumption: period used for modeling is representative of the climate expected during the future planning horizon ( Stationarity )

11 Modeling Based On Stationarity Assumption Climatic Input Rainfall ET Boundary Conditions Period of Simulation Scenario Landuse/Landcover Water Demands Operating Criteria SFWMM Model Model Output Daily time series of water levels, flows Demands not met Performance Measures (Ag, Env, Urban)

12 Hydrologic Performance Measures

13 Lake Okeechobee Monthly Position Analysis Middle 50%

14 Subregional Modeling

15 Model Scales

16 LECsR Model Abilities Manage Groundwater Conditions Minimize Water Shortage Restrictions Evaluate Wetland Hydropatterns Examine Underground Barriers Improve Surface Water Operations Provide boundary conditions to localscale models

17 Model Code and Packages In MODFLOW and SEAWAT (USGS) Add-on packages Wetland: SW-GW interaction Diversion: Operations Reinjection Drainflow: Operations Trigger: Water restrictions UGEN: Utility Multibud: Budget

18 LECsR Model Limitations Uncoupled unsaturated and saturated zones (in non-wtl areas) Limited routing capabilities No density-dependence

19 L-31 N (L-30) Seepage Management Pilot Project To To investigate seepage management technologies by controlling wet season seepage while minimizing impacts to existing legal users and the environment Modeled Modeled (using FEMWATER) a 1,000-ft seepage control barrier along with a 100-ft wide window including injection-extraction extraction wells Project Footprint L-30 Levee & Canal 1,000 ft S-335

20 Barrier, window, two extraction wells 3 cfs and three injection wells 2 cfs in FEMWATER finite element mesh Barrier Window

21 Simulated Pathlines and Velocities Pathlines Pathlines showing the effects of barrier, window, and extraction- injection wells. Red Red represents high velocity and blue represents low velocity for extraction-injection injection wells. Injection wells are able to block flow through the window opening. Layer 5 Velocity Magnitud e, ft/d

22 USGS Modeling Focus Characterize the interaction between marine and terrestrial waters. Develop computer programs that simulate flows and salinities in coastal wetlands and aquifers. Apply these programs to evaluate the effects of ecosystem restoration, population growth, sea-level rise, and management practices in South Florida.

23 USGS models in South Florida

24 MODEL APPLICATIONS MODEL TIME TTI Biscayne Pompano Intrusion Deep Well Injection Northwest Well Field ISSUE ADDRESSED Coastal flow and salinity changes due to Everglades restoration Potential changes in temperature and salinity conditions in manatee refugia Response of Biscayne Bay hydrology to proposed watermanagement changes Causes of saltwater intrusion near a municipal well field Fate and transport of injected wastewater in the Floridan aquifer Effects of turbulent flow conditions in close proximity to pumping wells

25 South Florida Estuaries/Bays Southern Indian River Lagoon/St. Lucie River & Estuary Loxahatchee River Lake Worth Lagoon Biscayne Bay Florida Bay Naples Bay Estero Bay Caloosahatchee River Southern Charlotte Harbor

26 Watershed/Ground water Model Hydrology (Surface flow, TSS)/ Integrated Modeling Framework WATERSEHD ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM Hydrodynamic/sedimen t transport Model Velocity, Diffusion, Surface Elevation, Salinity, Temperature Watershed/Ground water Model nutrients, sediments, toxics Point Source and other loads WQ/Toxic Model Temperature, Salinity, TSS, Algae, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, COD, DO, Silica, toxics Sediment Diagenesis Model Sediment initial condition, Sediment settling rate WQ predictions Ecological Model Seagrass, oyster, VECs

27 Application Water Quantity - Caloosahatchee MFLs Fish Trap Bay /1/03 4/1/03 6/30/03 9/28/03 12/27/03 3/26/04 6/24/04 9/22/04 12/21/04 Ch3d Monitoring data Flow and Salinity Salinity tolerance: The response of the VECs to salinity in the estuary is examined to determine the flow quantity Watershed inputs Hydrodynamic Model-CH3D

28 Application NW Fork of Loxahatchee River Restoration Watershed hydrological model -WaSh Short term influences in tributary inflow and tide Hydrodynamic /Salinity Model -2D RMA Long-term salinity management model -LSMM model Salinity tolerance: The response of the VECs to salinity in the estuary is examined to determine the flow quantity Predicting daily salinity in the estuary

29 Application Load Reductions -St. Lucie River and Estuary Watershed Model -WaSh Estuary Models Water Quality Model 12 Water Quality Targets/Standards Non- Point sources Point sources Watershed inputs Hydrodynamic Model CH3D DO ( m g /L) Time Current Standard after pollution reduction

30 Next Generation Regional Tool: Regional Simulation Model

31 RSM Design Considerations Regional in nature simplifications may be needed Reproduce the functionality of the legacy code SFWMM (daily, continuous simulation for planning applications) Reasonable run times Improved process and solution algorithms, use of advances in computer technology including programming languages, GIS and databases Better resolution than SFWMM in areas where it is needed Eliminate or minimize hard coding of simulation alternatives

32 RSM Engines RSM Hydrologic Simulation Engine (HSE) South Florida Regional Simulation Model SFRSM Management Simulation Engine (MSE) Model physical setup Simulate hydrologic processes Overland flow Groundwater flow Canal network Calibration/validation of model parameters Use observed structure flows Simulate structure operations Implementation of operational rules Flood control rules Water supply policies Maintain minimum flows & levels Regional operational coordination

33 Hydrologic Process Modules Simple landscape Complex landscape Rain ET Rain ET Runoff Recharge Water Supply runoff recharge Water supply homecell homecell System of integrated waterbodies

34 Diffusive Wave Formulation Mass Balance Waterbody Watermover Momentum Equation F = ρghs ρghs x y τ τ bx by *For diffusive formulation, neglect all the inertia terms in RHS

35 8 S5 S1 7 S2 junction flow 9 S3 S4 S5 6 1 S6 2 h p6 k c -h p5 k c -h p6 k c h p5 k c 5 S6 Watermover to Sparse Matrix Interaction x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Legend S n - segment M - stiffness matrix E n - cell H - head vector h n - head in cell & segment Q - flow vector k c - segment hydraulic conductivity x - 2D & 1D network matrix markers k sw - surface water conductivity - mesh-network interaction matrix markers k gw wall flow -h E3 k sw h E3 k sw h E4 k sw -h E4 k sw -h E3 k gw h E3 k gw h E4 k gw -h E4 k gw Surface water flow Groundwater flow Mesh mesh-network interaction mesh-network interaction Network h E1 h E2 h E3 h E4 h E5 h E6 h E7 X h E8 = h E9 h S1 h S2 h S3 h S4 h S5 h S6 q E1 q E2 q E3 q E4 q E5 q E6 q E7 q E8 q E9 q S1 q S2 q S3 q S4 q S5 q S6 M H Q - ground water conductivity Simultaneous solution surface / groundwater canal network Interactions Watermovers submatrices fall into place in overall matrix All components of the system are coupled

36 MSE Water Control Unit Network Provides one-to-one representation of managerial abstraction Structures WCU s S11 WCU1 <mse_node> <mse_unit> S9 WCU3 S8 WCU9 S7 S3 S4 S10 WCU2 WCU4 WCU7 WCU10 S2 S5 S6 WCU6 S1 WCU5 WCU8

37 Integration of Management Database with Hydrologic Model Hydrologic Simulation Engine State Σ Assessor f(σ) S1 WCU1 <mse_node> <mse_unit> S2 Control Δ (χ, μ) WCU3 Assessed State S3 WCU9 Management Simulation Engine Management Constraints & Objectives Consolidated Synoptic State Information S4 WCU2 S8 WCU6 S5 S6 S7 WCU7 WCU10 WCU4 S9 S10 WCU5 WCU8 MSE Network

38 Glades-LECSA Model Domain

39 Lattice Boltzmann Modeling Microscopic (particle) approach to model macroscopic dynamics Adapted to solve Navier-Stokes Equations Application (Variano et. al 2008?) Ridge & Slough image Bitmap LBM results

40 Questions!