Paradigm Shift in Space Heating

Transcription

1 Paradigm Shift in Space Heating Iceland s Energy Transition COP21 Geothermal Direct Use 8. December, 2015 Hildigunnur Thorsteinsson M.D. Research and Development

2 Reykjavik Energy and Subsidieries - Serve a Majority of Icelanders with Energy, Water, Fiber Optics and Sewerage Fibre optics 20% Sewerage 40% Water works 43% Electric sale 50% Electric distribution 55% Geothermal heating 73% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percentage of Icelanders Served by Reykjavik Energy

3 Before Geothermal Heating Reykjavik used coal for space heating Houses that did not have geothermal heating by the 1960s moved to fuel oil Both coal and oil were imported from abroad

4 Reykjavik s Geothermal District Heating 1930 In the late 1920s Reykjavik decided to use its geothermal resources for heating 3 km pipeline School, hospital, swimming pool and 70 private houses

5 Innovation Doubts on the Technical Feasibility Reykjavik s council member... I don t think I ve ever approved such a completely ludicrous idea as to think that water can be brought all the way to town, and that it will still be hot enough when it arrives to heat up entire buildings. You will never get me to believe that this is feasible, no matter what you can calculate.

6 Change is Always Political Town council elections in 1938 Expansion one of the main issues Vote for District Heating Today

7 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 8

8 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 9

9 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 1

10 Major Move in the 1960s A Privilage to Live in Geothermal Heated Neigborhoods 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percentage of Reykjavik served by Geothermal District Heating Source: Björnsson, L. 2007

11 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 1

12 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 1

13 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 1

14 System Expansion - We Built it in Stages 1

15 Average Annual Flow in Billions of Liters More Resources were Needed Six Resource Areas Supply the System Hellisheiði Nesjavellir Reykjahlíð Reykir Elliðaár Laugarnes

16 Geothermal Success Today, Iceland s geothermal energy provides for 90% of space heating 30% of electricity production 17

17 St. Petersburg Moscow Prague Warsaw Bucharest Seoul Berlin Copenhagen New York City Stockholm Helsingi Hamburg Paris Göteborg Reykjavík Krakow GWh District Heating is Widespread

18 Benefits of District Heating District heating is comfortable and effortless No need for individuals to purchase and handle fuels Limited servicing of equipment's for individuals Steady temperature at all times Stable pricing

19 GWh 2014 Largest Direct Users of Geothermal Source: Lund and Boyd; 2015

20 World Geothermal Utilization 2014 (TJ) - Space Heating only 10% Bathing and Swimming 14% Agriculture/aqua -culture/industry 6% Other 1% Electric generation 31% Space Heating 10% Geothermal Heat Pumps 38% Source: Lund and Boyd; 2015, Bertani; 2015

21 Iceland s Direct Use - Space Heating has a Significantly Larger Share Agriculture/aqua -culture/industry 9% Other 4% Bathing and Swimming 4% Electric generation 40% Space Heating 43% Geothermal Heat Pumps 0% Source: IEA; 2014

22 Annual CO 2 savings in million tonnes Cumulative CO 2 savings in million tonnes Significant CO 2 Reduction for Reykjavik Annual Savings Equal 64% of Iceland s Emissions in , , ,5 80 2,0 60 1,5 1,0 40 0,5 20 0,0 0

23 Reducing Space Heating Emissions - It makes a difference Electricity and heat production account for 4% of the total CO 2 emissions in Iceland In Europe the same sector accounts for about 30% of CO 2 emissions.

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25 Thank you

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