Technical Assistance Consultant s Report. Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund)

Transcription

1 Technical Assistance Consultant s Report Project Number: Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) Prepared by ICEM International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project s design.

2 TA 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package ( ) DOLAKHA DISTRICT BASELINE: MINISTRY OF FEDERAL AFFAIRS AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT (MOFALD) - GLOF Prepared by ICEM International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B i

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 DOLAKHA DISTRICT Sector baseline in Dolakha District District sector master plan Sector budgeting and staffing Sector trends and issues Asset inventory Past extremes in the district Linkages to other sectors Priority infrastructure in Dolakha District Prioritisation process Siprin Khola Hydropower Plant Jamune and Jagat bridges Beding village houses and Buddhist Gomba Suspension bridge and houses in Bhorle village Buildings of Upper Tama Koshi hydropower plant Gravel road from Chhetchhet to Singati Adaptation audits in Dolakha District Threat description... 9 ii

4 1 DOLAKHA DISTRICT 1.1 Sector baseline in Dolakha District 1.2 District sector master plan There is no any master plan of GLOF in Dolakha like that of road, drinking water and others. There is only District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan The main highlights of this plan are: 1) It is prepared with extensive consultations with District disaster relief committee members, UNDP, experts and with many consultation workshops in different settlements 2) Based on 40 years history of disaster records, flood and is considered as the number one disaster in Dolakha 3) 21 VDCs and one municipality are considered as highly vulnerable to flood and, 23 VDCs are medium vulnerable and 7 are in low vulnerable to flood and in Dolakha. The estimated number of household and population that can be affected by flood and are 2400 and 14400, respectively. 4) The plan consists of vulnerability and internal capacity assessment to cope with disaster, necessary resources in the district, trained manpower, available food and non food items and resources which are not available. 5) To make the response plan more effective it has formed 8 clusters and work division is also carried out with members and focal persons in each cluster. They have also prepared work plan for quick response of disaster, emergency activities and tentative budget for different activities Sector budgeting and staffing There is no specific budget allocated for GLOF activities in Dolakha district. The district is spending some fund in the name of environment and disaster management. For an example, tentative budget allocated for communication and coordination for disaster management activities is given in Table 1 which is taken from the District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan Table 1. Tentative budget for communication and coordination for disaster management activity S. N. Materials / Activity Number Rate (Rs.) Total (Rs.) 1 Coordination meetings ,000 2 Establishment of early warning system and management ,60,000 3 Preliminary quick damage assessment 2 60,000 1,20,000 training 4 Preliminary quick damage assessment ,000 stationary 5 Disaster information posters ,60,000 6 Preliminary quick damage assessment 4 40,000 1,60,000 7 Baseline survey and analysis 52 5,000 2,60,000 8 Field monitoring 4 15,000 60,000 9 ID printing for displaced persons 10, , Emergency planning and other report 3 50,000 1,50,000 printing 11 Awareness activities ,00,000 1

5 12 Transportation and others LS 1,00,000 1,00,000 TOTAL 16,30,000 Similarly, tentative budget for search and rescue operation: Rs. 2,553,000; for food Rs. 6,617,600; for shelter and non food items Rs. 17,451,550; for health, nutrition and primary health care sector Rs. 1,532,000; for drinking water, sanitation and health care sector Rs. 2,404,500; for education sector Rs. 2,950,000; and for conservation sector Rs. 717,000. Two staff from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Gov. of Nepal are stations at the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake station. Some rescue equipments such as live jackets, bells and first aid kits are available in the group of Community based disaster management groups in Suri Dovan, Bhorle and Singati settlements Sector trends and issues Dolakha district is one of the most vulnerable districts among 12 districts which are classified as vulnerable districts in NAPA The biggest glacial lake of Nepal, Tsho Rolpa Glacial lake lies in the head of Rolwaling River which joins to Tama Koshi River along which there many hydropower project are coming up. Although these are in a state of self destruction we have to be careful when torrential rainfall occurs in such high areas which might trigger glacial lake outburst flood Asset inventory Asset Inventory 1) Road from Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake to 100 km downstream: 17.3 km 2) Mountain trail from Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake to 100 km downstream: 46.9 km 3) Highway bridge: 2 4) Truss and suspension bridges: 15 5) Irrigation canal: 16 5) Hydropower: 1 6) Buddhist Gomba: Past extremes in the district Table 1. Past disaster events in Dolakha district Date Event Location Biophysical description of the event Shrawan 2042 Bhadra 2042 Asar 2044 Suspa Chyamawati Ward No. 7 Bonch Ward No 1 Gairimudi Ward No. 1 Suspa Chyamawati Ward No. 2, 5, 7 Sector infrastructure affected 7 houses destroyed 1 house destroyed Impact 4 dead and physical loss 16 dead, 50 families displaced 4 dead, 26 houses damaged 5 dead and physical loss Adaptive response 2

6 Jestha 2049 Shrawan 2049 Jestha 2053 Shrawan 2053 Jestha 2055 Lightning Epidemic Malu Ward No. 3 Makaibari Mali Ward No. 3 Lapilang 50 road damaged Lakuri danda 2 houses destroyed Gaimudhi Ward No. 7, 8, 9 Sunkhani Ward Land and No. 1 physical damage 7 Dead 3 dead 15 dead 2 dead 4 dead, many affected 1 dead Landslide Bhyaku Physical 14 dead, 7 damage missing Epidemic Lamabagar 8 dead Bhadra 2057 Asar 2058 Bhadra 2058 Bhadra 2059 Asar 2061 Shrawan 2063 Asar 2064 Shrawan 2067 Landslide Thulopatal Land and Ward No. 5 physical Aahale damage Landslide Chankhu 18 houses damaged Landslide Babare House and physical damage Epidemic Laduk Ward No. 4 Gujipa Epidemic Khopachagu Ward No. 1 & 3 Lightning Khare Ward No. 4 & 5 7 dead 11 dead, 5 missing, 22 cattle dead 3 dead 8 dead 4 dead 5 dead Lightning Chhetrapa 2 dead Gaurishankar VDC Siprin Khola Linkages to other sectors 11 dead, 5 injured Road, bridge and building sectors are the most vulnerable sectors after the GLOF and seasonal big flood events. If the roads are along the river course then the flood water might washed out those roads or if the roads are at higher places but in the same mountain slopes then or toe cutting of those mountains will damage those roads. In the same way, bridges will also be affected by flood water; it might be completely destroy or partially damage due to flood water. In case of GLOF and big seasonal flood in Rolwaling and Tama Koshi rivers then mountain trails from Na village to Chhetchhet and then gravel road from Chhetchhet to Singati and further downstream 3

7 will be affected, houses lying along the bank of Tama Koshi river from Chhetchhet to Singati, the Janune and Jagat bridges and suspension bridge and houses at Bhorle will be affected. Then the drinking water sector will be affected by flood if the system is on the way to flood water or in prone area. Since the topography of Dolakha district is mountainous there is no large scale irrigation system. Therefore, its effect will be very less. 1.3 Priority infrastructure in Dolakha District Prioritisation process Priorities are given to those assets which are lying near to river and at lower height from the river water level. A list of priority infrastructures and its reasons in Dolakha is given in Table 1. Table 1. List of priority infrastructures in Dolakha. ID Name Infrastructure type Reason/s for inclusion 1 Siprin Khola Hydropower Plant Hydropower plant Lying in the bank of the Tamakoshi River at low level 2 Jamune bridge Bridge At low height from the river water level 3 Jagat bridge Bridge At low height from the river water level 4 Beding houses and Gomba 5 Suspension bridge and houses in Bhorle village 6 Buildings of Tama Koshi hydropower House and religious building Suspension bridge and house Building Very next to the eroding river bank At low height In the bank of Tama Koshi river Siprin Khola Hydropower Plant Asset location The Siprin Khola Hydropower plant lies on the left bank of the Tama Koshi river (Fig. 1). It lies on the foot hills of mountain with around 60 o - 70 o slope on the bank of the river at around 2-3 m above the water level. 4

8 Fig. 1. Siprin Khola Hydropower plant Asset condition The power house and other infrastructure are in good condition. Asset design All building are made by Reinforced Cement Concrete with some blocks made by cement, sand and fine gravel. Roof is made by galvanized iron sheet Jamune and Jagat bridges Asset location Jamune and Jagat bridges are on Tama Koshi river at Jamune and Jagat (Fig. 2), respectively. These bridges are rested on fragile fluvial materials but not on bed rock. Asset condition Both brides are in good condition. Fig. 2. Jamune (left) and Jagat (right) bridges on Tama Koshi river. 5

9 Asset design Both bridges are made by steel with galvanized painting Beding village houses and Buddhist Gomba Asset location The houses in Beding village and Buddhist Gomba (Fig. 3) all are lying along the Rolwaling River at very low level and close contact with river water. The river is cutting toe at many sections. The houses are on the right bank of river with average slope of about 40 o on fragile geology (without bedrock) with little trees. Asset condition All houses are in good mountain condition. Asset design Fig. 3. Beding village on right bank of Rolwaling River. All houses are made by rock and soil mortar joining with galvanized iron sheet and wooden roofing Suspension bridge and houses in Bhorle village Asset location A suspension bridge and houses in Bhorle lies along and on the left bank of the Tama Koshi river at Bhorle village (Fig. 4). The bridge and houses are in relative lower level and there is a high chances of inundation during flood time. 6

10 Fig. 4. Suspension bridge and houses at Bhorle village. Asset condition All houses and the suspension bridge are in good condition. Asset design The suspension bridge is made by galvanized iron plate, rods and iron rope. There are concrete structure at both ends of the bridge Buildings of Upper Tama Koshi hydropower plant Asset location Building of Upper Tama Koshi Hydropower Limited are situated at Gongar village, on right bank of Tama Koshi river (Fig. 2). Most of the building are in the foot hills of mountain with slope around 40 o - 50 o and reclaimed land along the Tama Koshi river. Fig. 5. Buildings of Upper Tama Koshi Hydropower Limited surrounding Gongar village Asset condition All building are new and in good condition. 7

11 Asset design All buildings are made by the Reinforced Cement Concrete materials with galvanized iron sheet roofing. Most building are of 1 or 2 storey Gravel road from Chhetchhet to Singati Asset location The gravel road is along the Tama Koshi river (Fig. 6). Asset condition Fig. 6. Gravel road along the Tama Koshi river The gravel road is normally in good condition and year round vehicle movement is possible. Asset design The gravel road is made by gravel, sand and the debris available in the area. Past extreme events and impacts The flood in Rolwaling River due to outburst of Chhubung lake inside the Chhubung Glacier nearby the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake on 12 July 1991 destroyed few houses, farm lands, play ground of school at Bedding and toe of the Bedding Gomba was scoured. Landslide was occurred little down to Bhorle and the Tama Koshi river was blocked. Then the dammed lake was formed at Bhorle and farm land and houses were inundated in Past adaptation responses Lots of activities are going on along Rolwaling and Tama Koshi Rivers in Dolakha district as an adaptation measures mainly through the UNDP projects. Locals of this regions are now more aware about the possible floods due to monsoon, flash flood and glacial lake outburst. Recently they have formed Community Based Disaster Risk Management Committees in different settlements, such as Singati, Bhorle, Suri Dovan and Lamabagar villages. All committees are equipped with some rescue materials and training. The District Disaster Relief Committee, Dolakha has prepared a District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan They have also prepared Local Disaster Risk Management Plan in Suri, Chankhu, Marbu, Khare and Jhynku VDCs. With such activities we can take Dolakha district as a model district for disaster preparedness action. 8

12 Design appropriateness Mostly bridges are in very low height and hence must be relocated at higher height from river water level. 1.4 Adaptation audits in Dolakha District Except threat description all other sub heading are the same (Asset location, asset condition, past extreme events) as in the previous section. 1.5 Threat description The major threat to those assets are the seasonal flood, flash flood and ultimately the Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Almost non existence of adaption measures considered to protect assets. 9