ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF RAMICI LANDFILL(BANJA LUKA) BY MEANS OF LCA-MODELING (EASEWASTE)

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF RAMICI LANDFILL(BANJA LUKA) BY MEANS OF LCA-MODELING (EASEWASTE) Drazenko Bjelic a, Goran Vujic b a PU DEP-OT Regional Landfill Banja Luka, B.V.Z.Misica 23, Banja Luka, B&H dbjelic@dep-ot.com b Department for Environmental Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, Serbia goranvujic@uns.ac.rs ISWA Beacon 2010, Novi Sad, 8 th -10 th December 2010

2 LCA and Solid Waste Management LCA Application in waste management LCA of products - focus on the production and use stage LCA of waste management, the end-of-life of products is the primary focus Cradle to grave principle Methodology EDIP97 Holistic and systematic approach 2

3 EASEWASTE model EASEWASTE (Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Systems and Technologies) Model enables assessments and comparisons System boundaries of the model Conceptual system structure of EASEWASTE 3

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6 Environmental impact categories Divided into three groups: 1. Standard impact categories, 2. Toxicity-related impact categories, and 3. Impact on groundwater resources. 6

7 Standard impact categories include: Global warming, Photo-chemical ozone formation, Ozone depletion, Acidification, and Nutrient enrichment 7

8 Toxicity-related impact categories include: Ekotoxicity, soil, Ekotoxicity, water, Human toxicity, soil, Human toxicity, water, and Human toxicity, air Impact on groundwater resources is represented by spoiled groundwater resources (SGR) 8

9 Potential impact Acronim Unit category Global warming GW CO2-ekv. person 1 year 1 Photo-chemical POF C2H4- ekv. person 1 year 1 ozone formation Ozone depletion OD CFC-11- ekv. person 1 year 1 Acidification AC SO2- ekv. person 1 year 1 Nutrient enrichment NE NO3- ekv. person 1 year 1 Ekotoxicity, soil ETs m 3 soil person 1 year 1 Ekotoxicity, water ETw m 3 water person 1 year 1 Human toxicity, soil HTs m 3 soil person 1 year 1 Human toxicity, air HTa m 3 air person 1 year 1 Human toxicity, water HTw m 3 water person 1 year 1 Spoiled groundwater resources SGR m 3 water person 1 year 1 9

10 Environmental assessment approach Ramici Landfill, Communal waste, waste from industry, trade no bottom liner and clay or impermeable covers, no gas collection and treatment, no leachate collection and treatment 10

11 Open dump waste bulk density = 0.8 t/m3 Leachate generated (mm/y) Leachate collected Time period 1 (year) 2y; 850mm/y Time period 2 (year) 8y; 850mm/y Time period 3 (year) 30y; 420mm/y Time period 4 (year) 60y; 400 mm/y None None None None 11

12 Results and discussion Average generation of leachate per tone wet waste is m 3, Average generation of CH 4 per tone wet waste is 76 m 3, Significant potentials have been calculated for GW, ET wc, HT s and SGR, The highest impact potential was founded for SGR, 31.2 PE/tone landfilled waste, Leaching of compounds such as ammonia. Phenol, phosphate, Zn, xylens and COD are the major contributors, Natural attenuation of leaching compounds has been disregarded. 12

13 Figure 3. Contribution of selected substances to normalized impact potentials 13

14 Fig. 4. Contribution of selected substances to normalized impact potentials in % 14

15 Figure 5. Contribution of selected processes to normalized impact potentials 15

16 Fig. 6. Contribution of selected processes to normalized impact potentials in % 16

17 Conclusion LCIA has been based on 2 million tones of waste considered for 100 years, very high environmental impact potential were found, The most significant impact potentials were calculated for GW, ET wc, HT s and SGR, GW, ET wc and HT s are caused mainly by gas emissions to atmosphere, natural attenuation processes were disregarded in assessment, ensure the highest collection efficiency of landfill gas and leachate in order to reduce the environmental impact of the Ramici Landfil. 17