Improving Water Quality Through Total Water Cycle Management

Transcription

1 Improving Water Quality Through Total Water Cycle Management Simon Beecham Professor of Sustainable Water Resources Engineering CWSS Senior Staff: Associate Professor Bill Richards Director Professor Simon Beecham Associate Research Professor Bo Jin Senior Research Engineer David Pezzaniti Senior Research Fellow John van Leeuwen Adjunct Professor John Argue Adjunct Professor Dennis Mulcahy Adjunct Professor Don Bursill Adjunct Professor Chris Saint Dr Guna Hewa Lecturer in Water Engineering Where Are We Now? Sustainable Development Economic development Social inclusion Environmental protection Prudent use of resources Need to set clear visions for communities and help to integrate the wide range of activities relating to development and regeneration WSUD Triangle WSU4D biodiversity currently 3 dimensions should be 4 pollutant control flooding hydraulic control aesthetics (landscaping provides community involvement and social activities) 1

2 Innovate or Enervate AMENITY (dry) HABITAT (ephemerally wet) sandy loam no subsurface drainage trees on one side only to give variable shade (mixed habitat = max biodiversity) designers of WSUD systems will be distinguished by their capacities for innovation generic skills initiative originality critical ability field of practice skills greater understanding of biological systems and their interaction with our water infrastructure WSUD Case Study: Permeable Pavements Permeable Pavers porous s s with canals small apertures wide joints Typical Permeable Pavement Design traditional roadbeds not designed to store & transport water objective of subbase is to remove water as quickly as possible to prevent structural damage of the pavement bearing capacity of roadbed must be as high as bearing capacity for traditional pavements, even during rain events permeable pavements are vulnerable to clogging Pollutant Removal Processes in Permeable Pavements photochemical microbiological soil solution mechanical filtration chemical precipitation volatilisation chemical adsorption 2

3 . Heavy Metals Retention: Laboratory Studies Heavy Metals Retention: Field Studies 2. load [mg/(m 5a) Input concrete with large joints porous concrete greened concrete from Dierkes et al. (22) Zn Cu Pb Cd greened concrete parking area of a supermarket in Stadtlohn, Germany depth (cm) from Dierkes et al. (22) concentration Cu, Zn (mg/kg) copper zinc cadmium 2,5 5, 7,5 1, concentration Cd (mg/kg) Cleaning Permeable Pavements WSUD Case Study: Model Farm High School cleaning device cost 1.5 Euro/m 2. Infiltration capacity (l/(s ha)) hot water 45 degrees 15-3 bar before cleaning after cleaning demanded: 27 l/(s ha) 2275 < 1 < 1 < point 1 point 2 point 3 from Dierkes et al. (22) Demonstration Site Designed to educate council officers, councillors, developers, designers and community groups the benefits of WSUD Redmond Ave Larken Ave Rocla Ecorain Rainwater Tank Residential Properties (underground) Car Park (Area on far Ag. Area - Basketball right is unsealed) Crops Courts N Biofiltration Bioretention Trenches Multi Purpose Area Quadrangle Car Park Block 5 (Admin & Rainwater Tanks for Main Office) Toilet Flushing (above ground) Ag. Area - Animals Grass Swale Sports Field Ag. Area - Animals Gooden Drive Langdon Rd Rocla Ecorain Rainwater Tank (underground) cleaning mechanism Model Outline Research Projects: Climate Change Rainfall Data Security of Supply Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Vegetation Inteception & Depression Storage Sub-models Tank Volume (m 3 ) Switch2 CONTINUOUS SIMULATION MODEL Volume (kl) of Mains Water Required during Dry Periods Overflow Volume (kl) during Extended Rain Periods member NSW State Government s Sydney Climate Change Think Tank engaged by the UK Environment Agency to study effects of sea level rise on the UK s longest inland tidal river currently investigating non-stationarity of Australian rainfall (with Imperial College and BoM) Roof Catchment Area Surface Runoff Volumes (kl) for both Pre & Post- Development Conditions 3

4 Increasing demands on water and the environment Climate change water resources set to decrease Intensity and frequency of flooding set to increase Rapid urbanisation and population growth Drive for higher standards of living Water Sensitive Urban Design ARC Linkage (LP454374), Development of a model of confined stormwater filtration/infiltration treatment systems Three field systems Laboratory studies with focus on substrate media material 14 of the warmest years ever recorded are since minutes of the sun s full solar output would power the Earth for a year Alison Dunphy, APAI Engineered Soils to Enhance Pollutant Removal Smart Technologies to Minimise Maintenance Relative Pollutant Concentration Hindmarsh Park, Kiama TKN TN TP ph TOC DOC SS TDS Zn Fe Analyte Inlet Outlet F.COLI pipes injected with ferrous oxide to precipitate metals and phosphorous permeable soffits with impermeable inverts to retain sediments engineered soils (sand/gac/zeolite) to produce drinking water quality the ground becomes a water treatment works Where to from Here? need to identify flood fringe areas that can still be developed engage with insurance industry optimise lot returns to fund habitat connections bring ecology back into the urban environment permit 3 rd party access to water infrastructure cluster-scale water recycling Combining Treatment and Flood Storage Flood Storage Volume (eg dual land use sports field, allowed to flood every 2 years) Volume Vf - Vt Receiving Water Pipe-free systems allow both light and oxygen into the system WSUD Treatment Device Volume Vt Modular systems preferred 4

5 Research Projects: Cyber-Infrastructure future also involves embracing cyber-infrastructure electronic networks of entire water systems facilitates integrated modelling and management of total water cycle systems data sharing knowledge retention Peter Brady Computational Fluid Dynamics ARC LIEF (LE56135), 25 3-D modelling of free surface flows around obstructions CFD model of free surface flow around a walkway over a bioretention swale Peter Brady, APA Validation Results Two Fluid Time Series Animation Vorticity Conclusions traditional approaches to water resource management will present major constraints to new development this is already occurring and will be exacerbated by climate change future lies in multi-function landuse habitat connections, flood storage, WSUD, social amenity all in the same land corridors this will release flood fringe areas and enhance urban ecology research is needed to inform practice in this area Simon Beecham Professor of Sustainable Water Resources Engineering simon.beecham@unisa.edu.au Arcology by Paolo Soleri 5