Bioenergy Development: the Global Context Validation Workshop on the ECOWAS Bioenergy Policy Dakar, Senegal 30 September 2015

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1 Bioenergy Development: the Global Context Validation Workshop on the ECOWAS Bioenergy Policy Dakar, Senegal 30 September 2015 Dr. Maria Michela Morese Executive Secretary Global Bioenergy Partnership Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

2 Table of content GHG emissions: data and projections Bioenergy Role in the global energy context Policies Solid biomass The Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP) History, objectives and members The Sustainability Indicators for Bioenergy Barriers to Sustainable Bioenergy Development Conclusions

3 GHG emissions: data and projections According to IEA, in order to contain the average global temperature increase within the 2 Celsius (if compared to 1990 levels) there needs to be substantial GHG emission reduction. Non-OECD countries expected to play an important role. Source: IEA, WEO 2012

4 GHG emissions: data and projections In the 450 ppm scenario, IEA foresees a specific role for bioenergy Source: IEA, WEO 2012

5 Source: IEA, 2012: 2012 Technology Roadmap, Bioenergy for Heat and Power IEA, 2013: 2013 Key World Energy Statistics Bioenergy In 2012 bioenergy production reached 1.34 billion tons of oil equivalent or about 10% of world primary energy supply (IEA, 2014). Bioenergy is the fourth most important energy source worldwide and the first among the renewables

6 Bioenergy About 60% of bioenergy produced is in the form of traditional biomass. Whereas only 5% of the energy from biomass producted worldwide is employed in the transport sector. Source: IEA, WEO 2012

7 Bioenergy - Policies ARGENTINA current mandate Ethanol: 5% Biodiesel: 8% BRAZIL current mandate Ethanol : 20% Biodiesel: 5% CHINA current mandate Ethanol : 10% in 9 province Target for 2020 Etanolo/Biodiesel: 10% INDONESIA mandates: Ethanol : 3% -> 20% 2020 Biodiesel: 10% -> 30% 2020 Fonte: Global Renewable Fuels Alliance, 2015 and Biofuels Digest, 2014 MOZAMBIC current mandate Ethanol : 10% SUD AFRICA current mand. Ethanol : 10% USA current mandate 136 billion liters by 2022 INDIA current mandate Ethanol : 5% Target for 2017 Etanolo/Biodiesel: 20% EU current mandate 10% renewables in transport sector (up to 7% from food crops)

8 Bioenergy solid biomass Pellet production, trade and consumption future scenarios (2030, 2050): Europe, India e China main importers Russia, Canada, Latin America and Africa main exporters Source: IEA Bioenergy Task 40: Future Perspective in Biomass Trade

9 The Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP) GBEP was established to implement the commitments taken by the G8 in 2005 to support biomass and biofuels deployment, particularly in developing countries where biomass use is prevalent GBEP aims mainly to: Promote high-level policy dialogue on bioenergy and facilitate international cooperation; support national and regional bioenergy policy-making and market development; favour the transformation of biomass towards more efficient and sustainable practices; and foster exchange of information, skills and technologies through bilateral and multilateral collaboration.

10 GBEP Membership

11 GBEP Sustainability Indicators for Bioenergy ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS SOCIAL ECONOMIC GBEP has developed 9. Allocation a set and tenure of 24 of land indicators for the 1. Lifecycle GHG emissions 17. Productivity for new bioenergy production assessment and 10. monitoring Price and supply of a of national bioenergy 2. Soil quality 18. Net energy balance food basket sustainability at national level 3. Harvest levels of wood resources 11. Change in income 19. Gross value added 4. Emissions of non-ghg air 20. Change in consumption of The pollutants, GBEP including air indicators 12. Jobs cover in the bioenergy each sector of the three pillars toxics of biomass of sustainability and address the production and 13. Change in unpaid time spent 21. Training and re-qualification 5. use Water use of and all efficiency liquid, solid by women and and gaseous children biofuels the workforce for collecting biomass heating and cooking, 14. Bioenergy electrification used to expand and transport 6. Water quality 7. Biological diversity in the landscape 8. Land use and land-use change related to bioenergy feedstock production access to modern energy services 15. Change in mortality and burden of disease attributable to indoor smoke 16. Incidence of occupational injury, illness and fatalities fossil fuels and traditional use 22. Energy diversity 23. Infrastructure and logistics for distribution of bioenergy 24. Capacity and flexibility of use of bioenergy

12 Implementation of the Sustainability Indicators COUNTRIES COMPLETED IN PROGRESS COMMITTED Argentina Brazil China Colombia Egypt Ethiopia Germany Ghana Indonesia Italy Jamaica Japan Kenya Netherlands Paraguay USA Sudan Uruguay Vietnam

13 Barriers to Sustainable Bioenergy Development: Policy Frameworks Lack of coordination among relevant sectors and related policies and institutions (e.g. energy, agriculture, environment, etc.) Lack of coherent and stable policy frameworks HOW GBEP HELPS Since 2006, GBEP has been fostering institutional coordination, multistakeholder dialogues and policy dialogues at both national and regional levels

14 Barriers to Sustainable Bioenergy Development: Lack of Evidence Potential & Sustainability Lack of understanding of biophysical and especially techno-economic potential of bioenergy, as well as of the environmental, social and economic sustainability of bioenergy Lack of evidence-based and political support for bioenergy policies The GBEP indicators are contributing both to the generation of evidence and to assess the sustainability of bioenergy production and use

15 Barriers to Sustainable Bioenergy Development: Data and Skills Lack of effective strategies and mechanisms for data collection and management Limited availability of and access to data Lack of skills and capacity to undertake necessary analysis GBEP is compiling the necessary data, with a view to filling data gaps, and is strengthening the capacity of relevant institutions

16 Conclusions Bioenergy has the potential to reduce GHG emissions and offer opportunities to agriculture and forestry sectors; West Africa could play an important role Sustainability is key; Monitoring sustainability is a necessary step in order to understand, evaluate and improve the performances of the sector GBEP is actively working on the diffusion of sustainability in the processes of production and use of bioenergy resources with several activities and tools, including the GBEP Sustainability Indicators for Bioenergy Particularly for policymakers GBEP represents an important forum for discussion and harmonization policies

17 Thank you